This document summarizes several common diseases that affect chilli plants: damping-off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica, fruit rot and die-back caused by Colletotrichum capsici, leaf spot caused by Cercospora capsici, and bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. vesicatoria. It describes the symptoms, etiology, mode of spread and survival, favorable conditions, and management recommendations for each disease.
Disease and Insect Pest of Ber and their ManagementRamkumarrai3
Ber (Zizyphus Spp.) is a most important fruit and more nutritive value for the purpose of dryland fruit production. Its require heavy pruning during April- May .
This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
Loose smut of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat
Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
Stripe rust of wheat
Powdery mildew of wheat
Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch
Tan spot
Wheat soilborne mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic
Wheat streak mosaic
Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
Disease and Insect Pest of Ber and their ManagementRamkumarrai3
Ber (Zizyphus Spp.) is a most important fruit and more nutritive value for the purpose of dryland fruit production. Its require heavy pruning during April- May .
This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
Loose smut of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat
Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
Stripe rust of wheat
Powdery mildew of wheat
Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch
Tan spot
Wheat soilborne mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic
Wheat streak mosaic
Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
Diseases of Tea - Symptoms, Pathogenic characters and their ManagementVisanthGuhan
Diseases that affects Tea crop, both fungal and bacterial and algal diseases. Symptoms of specific disease, Pathogenic characters of specific disease and their mode of spread and their management.
all about papaya and its imp point ,its disease symptoms and its causal organism . different types of bacterial , virus, fungal and nematodes disease . some of the disease are explain in brief their management how to control them through mechanical ,chemical,physical. what are favourable condition all these are discuss in this ppt . hope this will help you.
Diseases of Tea - Symptoms, Pathogenic characters and their ManagementVisanthGuhan
Diseases that affects Tea crop, both fungal and bacterial and algal diseases. Symptoms of specific disease, Pathogenic characters of specific disease and their mode of spread and their management.
all about papaya and its imp point ,its disease symptoms and its causal organism . different types of bacterial , virus, fungal and nematodes disease . some of the disease are explain in brief their management how to control them through mechanical ,chemical,physical. what are favourable condition all these are discuss in this ppt . hope this will help you.
Biological control of alterneria alternataPatel Sanket
Alterneria alternata are most affecting plant pathogen to affect the plant as leaf spot and wide host range of this pathogen, for the control of this pathogen to use the chemicals pesticides but their residues effect are their, so reduce their residues effect to use the biocontrol agents and botanicals for their management.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
4. • Symptoms:
• water soaked lesions on the collar region.
• Browning and shrivelling of stem tissues
• seedling collapse and topple over.
• The fungus: Produce sporangia, zoospores,
and oospores.
5. • Mode of spread and survival:
• Spread: Soil-borne-Through irrigation water, implement during cultural
operations etc.
• Survival: oospores in the soil.
• Favourable conditions:
• Excessive soil moisture
• High humidity
• Over crowding of seedling
6. • Management:
• Use light soil –Nursery
• Raised seed bed
• Light & frequent irrigation
• Proper drainage
• Soil drench with copper fungicide
7. Powdery mildew: Leveillula taurica
• Symptoms:
• White powdery coating on the lower surface ,also on the upper surface.
• Upper surface yellow patches are seen
• Severe infection - drying and shedding of affected leaves.
8. • Etiology: Fungus
• Oidiopsis type-produce single celled, hyaline conidia.
• Mode of spread and Survival:
• Spread: air-borne conidia
• Survival: As dormant mycelium in crop debris
10. Fruit rot and Die-back: Colletotrichum
capsici
• Symptoms:
• Shedding of flowers due to the infection at pedicel
• die-back of branches.
• Fruit infection:
• Ripe fruits are more attack than the green ones.
• Severe infection result in the shriveling and drying of fruits.
• fruits become white in colour and lose their pungency.
• minute black dot - fruiting bodies called ‘acervulli’
• The affected fruits - fall off
11. • Etiology : Colletotrichum capsici – Produces hyaline, single celled sickle
shaped conidia.
• Mode of spread and survival:
• Spread: Through infected seeds (Externally seed-borne) and air-borne
conidia.
• Survival: On the infected fruits.
12. • Optimum temp. 22-25°
• Humid weather with rainfall at frequent intervals.
• Management:
• Collect seeds only form fruits without infection.
• Crop debris - collect and destroy.
• Seed treatment with captan or Thiran 4g/kg
• Spraying mancozeb 0.25%
13. Bacterial spot : Xanthomonas
Campestris Pv. vesicatoria
• Symptoms:
• Small circular to irregular water soaked areas on the lower surface of the
leaves.
• The spot bulges & it turn purple with a black centre.
• A narrow yellow halo may surround the spots.
• The leaves dries and whole leaf dies.
• Green fruits are also infected and it turn brown to black
14. • Mode of spread and survival:
• Primary spread – seed borne bacteria
• Spread by rain flash.
• Management:
• Seeds should be collected from healthy fruits,
• Seed treatment with copper oxychloride 2g/kg seed.
• Spraying Agrimycin 100 at 100 ppm.
