The document discusses poverty and child labor in rural areas of Pakistan. It finds that administrative flaws, lack of resources, and limited employment opportunities have led to widespread poverty. As rural families struggle to meet basic needs, many children are forced into child labor to help support their families financially. The study examines issues through interviews in the village of Bhadana Kalan, identifying factors such as large family sizes, lack of education, rising prices, and drug addiction as contributing to poverty and the need for children to work instead of attending school. It concludes that raising awareness of education's importance and strictly enforcing child labor laws could help address the problems.

1. Sharjeel Shokat: 18370
Ahsan Ghzali: 18481
Abdulla Lashari: 18001
Adeeb Habib: 18413
Poverty & Child Labor
in Rural Area

2. Poverty & Child Labor
5/20/2013Development Studies: Issues & Perspectives2
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
 Poverty and child labor in rural areas, background
causes and reasons

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INTRODUCTION
 In third world countries like Pakistan there are serious
administration flaws, few available resources and lack of
interactive employment opportunities which aren't letting people
to access the basic facilities of life in a comprehensive manner ,
this factor leads to poverty where a specific group of people lives
life below a standard line due to having less or no resources .
 Rural areas are facing serious crisis over the issue of poverty. As
they have less or no resources to eat, live and fulfill the demands
of their family so they forced to inject their children in to labor
work and critical issue of child labor rises too. That’s the reason
most children belong lower class family working as a child
labor in rural areas and in urban areas to some extend as well.
Development Studies: Issues & Perspectives

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CONCEPTUAL
 A compact research on the comprehensive
findings and facts using semi-structured
interviews and empirical questioning/reasoning as
a practical source over the issue of poverty and
child labor in rural areas.
Development Studies: Issues & Perspectives

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THEORATICAL FRAMWORK
 The major focus of our research is to practically
conduct participatory based semi-structured
interviews and get the maximum valid reasons
increasing poverty and child labor in villages and rural
areas of Pakistan.
 We will prepare a semi structured interview based
questionnaire which includes some basic questions
and have the tendency to absorb and generate new
and relative questions on runtime during conduction
of research.
 Work will be done in a team where specific tasks are
assigned to each potential member and findings and
conclusions of all four will sum up as the final findings
and output of our research.Development Studies: Issues & Perspectives

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 The procedure of research includes:
Semi-structured interviews of local population
Will get compact answers of all basic questions of
research
New related questions and their answers other than
core questions
Videos of interviews recorded to keep validity
record
Photos/snaps of important people/units/factors
leading to poverty and child labor
Exemplary multimedia data so to be used as valid
referenceDevelopment Studies: Issues & Perspectives

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METHODOLOGY
The methodology of our research will be based on :
Semi-Structured Interviews using a proper set of
core questions, moreover the semi structured
interviews are fully capable of absorbing the new
auto generated questions during interaction.
Recording multimedia (video/photo) date of semi-
structured interviews and the corresponding area
Development Studies: Issues & Perspectives

8. Poverty & Child Labor
5/20/2013Development Studies: Issues & Perspectives8
SELECTED AREA
 Bhadana Kalan near Tarnol District Islamabad

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FINDINGS & ANALYSIS
 By applying cross-sectional and radial analysis on
data according to our compact questionnaire we were
able to find a number of problems and reasons behind
poverty leading to child labor in “Bhadana Kalaan”
Hierarchical poverty in families
Mostly guardians were Labors too
Serious Economical issues lead children to child labor
Less or no awareness in parents regarding education
due to having no education
Increasing prices which makes a two time bread
impossible for most of the families
Large families and only one earning household in 99%
cases
Development Studies: Issues & Perspectives

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Poor educational facilities
Negative political impact not encourage children to study
or offer any educational incentives
Parents of some children died or seriously ill.
No governmental facilities, no book shop found.
Family crisis
Drug addiction of father of any children leads them to
child labor
The conservative approach of considering education as
loss of daily income which a child could earn if he go to
work instead of school
Hold of traditional landlords which encourages people
that labor is the only source of their survival and act as
an obstacle in educational developments
Development Studies: Issues & Perspectives

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CONCLUSION
 The children are working as a labor in
school going age for the survival of there
families and to full fill the
basic necessities.
 People don’t know the importance
of education. That’s why most of
children remain illiterate.
 It is not just responsibility of
government we are also responsible forDevelopment Studies: Issues & Perspectives

12. Recommendations
5/20/201312
 Awareness must be raised and parents should
pay attention to the education of their children.
 •
 Child Labor Laws should be strictly put into
practice
 If we want success then we have to act upon
these principles and then our country can easily
get rid of this problem.

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REFERENCES
 Ray, R. (2000) ―Analysis of child labor in Peru and Pakistan: A
comparative study‖ Journal of Population Economics, 2000,
Volume 13, Number 1, Pages 3-19
 Maître, P. and Ray, R. (2002) 'The Joint Estimation of Child
Participation in Schooling and Employment: Comparative
Evidence from Three Continents', Oxford Development Studies,
30:1, 41-62
 Joelle, S-L. (2010) ―A cross-national study of child labor and its
determinants‖ The Journal of Developing Areas, Volume 44,
Number 1, pp. 325-344
 Ray, R. (2001) ―Simultaneous Analysis of Child Labour and Child
Schooling: Comparative Evidence from Nepal and Pakistan‖
Pakistan Development Review.
 Jang News yearly report 2013
 ASEAN documentation regarding poverty and child labor in
Pakistan
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