The document discusses the evolution of cultural identities and the postmodern self. It outlines 3 concepts of the subject: 1) The Enlightenment subject defined by reason and a stable inner core. 2) The sociological subject formed in relation to others. 3) The postmodern subject with no unified self, assuming different identities in different contexts. It then examines five ruptures that contributed to the de-centered postmodern subject, including Marxism, psychoanalysis, feminism, language/discourse, and Foucault's writings on power, discourse and subject positions.
In this lecture I try to establish a context for our discussion of theories of identity that make us of ideas now thought of as 'postmodern'. In particular, the lecture will set the scene for our reading of Stuart Hall's chapter 'Questions of Cultural Identity'.
In his book The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1993), J.F. Lyotard announces a change in the way in which we manage our meanings in Western Culture societies. He points out that all of our metanarratives have fallen in postmodernity because there is an active and continuous process of incredulity towards them.
Our recent history shows how ideologies (and religions) can lead us to war and destruction.
Our society seems to be more pragmatic and scientific in this regard.
Our narrative skills are developed socially, but we need to depart from certain cultural hypotheses in order to make meaning. These hypotheses are included in the metanarrative that we have inherited from our parents, family or “defining communities” (Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self, 1989).
This inheritance still exists, but:
1.Our “defining communities” tend not to have a strong and sharp narrative to pass on to their offspring.
2.Our society doesn’t share a clear and stable metanarrative from which everyone can judge his own life and experience.
3.It has become desirable culturally speaking (after the hippies, May 68, the Punks, the Spanish Movida, etc.) to rebel against parents, established social values, etc. this has been demonstrated in the book The Conquest of Cool: Business Culture, Counterculture, and the Rise of Hip Consumerism (Thomas Frank, 1997) and La Revolución Divertida (Ramón González Férriz, 2012)
Perhaps there is still a worldwide accepted metanarrative which tends to hide its condition as a metanarrative, disguising itself as a neutral characteristic of the general reality.
This hidden metanarrative could be seen as capitalism with all of its attributes (entertainment, consumerism, technologies…).
Capitalism would be a metanarrative that doesn’t give a rational explanation or take our human experiences into account. We would be able to detect this fact in two different points:
1.To maximize our personal benefit or our well-being doesn’t necessarily coincide with happiness in our experience.
2.To rely on the Adam Smith’s equation according which our private selfishness should be necessarily our best contribution to the common good.
Subjectivity And Identity Self AwarenessJames Clegg
Focusing upon the body of art that was considered oppostional, by Hal Foster and other influential critics, we consider the possibility of critically engaging with the culture of late capitalism. Featured artists include Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger and Sherrie Levine.
In this lecture I try to establish a context for our discussion of theories of identity that make us of ideas now thought of as 'postmodern'. In particular, the lecture will set the scene for our reading of Stuart Hall's chapter 'Questions of Cultural Identity'.
In his book The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1993), J.F. Lyotard announces a change in the way in which we manage our meanings in Western Culture societies. He points out that all of our metanarratives have fallen in postmodernity because there is an active and continuous process of incredulity towards them.
Our recent history shows how ideologies (and religions) can lead us to war and destruction.
Our society seems to be more pragmatic and scientific in this regard.
Our narrative skills are developed socially, but we need to depart from certain cultural hypotheses in order to make meaning. These hypotheses are included in the metanarrative that we have inherited from our parents, family or “defining communities” (Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self, 1989).
This inheritance still exists, but:
1.Our “defining communities” tend not to have a strong and sharp narrative to pass on to their offspring.
2.Our society doesn’t share a clear and stable metanarrative from which everyone can judge his own life and experience.
3.It has become desirable culturally speaking (after the hippies, May 68, the Punks, the Spanish Movida, etc.) to rebel against parents, established social values, etc. this has been demonstrated in the book The Conquest of Cool: Business Culture, Counterculture, and the Rise of Hip Consumerism (Thomas Frank, 1997) and La Revolución Divertida (Ramón González Férriz, 2012)
Perhaps there is still a worldwide accepted metanarrative which tends to hide its condition as a metanarrative, disguising itself as a neutral characteristic of the general reality.
This hidden metanarrative could be seen as capitalism with all of its attributes (entertainment, consumerism, technologies…).
Capitalism would be a metanarrative that doesn’t give a rational explanation or take our human experiences into account. We would be able to detect this fact in two different points:
1.To maximize our personal benefit or our well-being doesn’t necessarily coincide with happiness in our experience.
2.To rely on the Adam Smith’s equation according which our private selfishness should be necessarily our best contribution to the common good.
Subjectivity And Identity Self AwarenessJames Clegg
Focusing upon the body of art that was considered oppostional, by Hal Foster and other influential critics, we consider the possibility of critically engaging with the culture of late capitalism. Featured artists include Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger and Sherrie Levine.
A identidade cultural na pós-modernidade - Stuart HallSimone Braghin
Seminário apresentado no dia 08 de novembro de 2011, na disciplina de Sociologia Contemporânea II do curso de Ciências Sociais da UFSCar (Universidade Federal de São Carlos).
A obra de Stuart Hall, “A Identidade Cultural na Pós-modernidade”, tem como objetivo demonstrar o perfil atual da identidade cultural, que se encontra plurificada ou mesmo inconstante na constituição dos indivíduos inseridos no atual contexto histórico da pós-modernidade, a qual sofre as interferências da dispersão e concretude de linhas teóricas modernas e da globalização . Sinteticamente, o autor busca discorrer sobre a “crise de identidade” que afeta as sociedades contemporâneas.
Brief look at the nature of global communications and the ways it's changing how we can organise, share, cooperate and act collectively to change things.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. The enlightenment subject
• Hall charts the progress of three epochal
subjects:
– The enlightenment subject is endowed with the
capacities of reason, consciousness, and action,
whose ‘centre’ consists of an inner core which first
emerged when the subject was born, and
unfolded with it while remaining essentially the
same throughout the individual existence.
2
3. The sociological subject
– The sociological subject was formed in relation to
‘significant others’. Identity, in this conception,
bridges the gap between the ‘inside’ and the
‘outside’ – between the personal and the public
worlds.
3
4. The sociological subject: Giddens
• Giddens: self- and social identity
• Self-identity is not a distinctive trait, or even a collection of
traits, possessed by the individual. It is the self as reflexively
understood by the person in terms of her or his biography.
(1991:53)
• Social identities … are associated with normative rights,
obligations and sanctions which, within special collectivities,
form roles. The use of standardised markers, especially to do
with the bodily attributes of age and gender, is fundamental
to all societies, notwithstanding large cross-cultural variation
which can be noted. (1984: 282-30)
4
5. The postmodern subject
– The post-modern subject is historical not
biologically defined. The subject assumes different
identities at different times, identities which are
not unified around a coherent ‘self’.
5
6. ‘ruptures’: marxism
Five ‘Ruptures in the discourses of modern
knowledge’ (Hall, 1990: 285) have contributed to this
de-centred subject:
• Marxism
• In Louis Althusser´s interpretation of Marx´s writings
he negates individuals as the ‘authors’ or agents of
history, since they could only act on the basis of
historical conditions made by others into which they
were born, and using the resources provided to them
from previous generations.
6
7. ‘ruptures’: psychoanalysis
– Psychoanalysis
– In Jacques Lacan´s reading of Freud identity is
something formed through unconscious processes
over time, rather than being innate in
consciousness at birth.
7
8. ‘ruptures’: feminism
– The impact of feminism questioned the
classic distinction between ‘inside’ and
‘outside’, ‘private’ and ‘public’, and replaced
the idea of a coherent subject by
introducing the notion of sexual difference.
8
9. ‘ruptures’: language and discourse
– Language and discourse
– The structural linguist de Saussure reasons that
the subject is not in any absolute sense the
‘author’ of statements we express in language,
since language is a social, not an individual
system.
9
10. ‘ruptures’: Foucault (1)
– Foucault
– In Foucault's writings the all-encompassing
character of the administrative ‘disciplinary
power’ illustrated the paradox that the more
collective and organized the nature of the
institutions of late-modernity is, the greater the
isolation, surveillance, and individuation of the
individual subject.
10
12. ‘ruptures’: Foucault (3)
– Statements about madness which give us knowledge about madness;
– The rules which prescribe what is ‘sayable’ or ‘thinkable’ about
madness;
– Subjects who personify the discourses of madness, i.e. the ‘madman’;
– The processes by which discourses of madness acquire authority and
truth at a given historical moment;
– The practices within institutions which deal with madness;
– The idea that different discourses about madness will appear at late
historical moments, producing new knowledge and a new discursive
formation.
– Barker, C. (2000) Cultural Studies. London Sage: 78-79
12
13. ‘ruptures’: Foucault (4)
• Bodies are subject to the regulatory power of
discourse
• Through discourse bodies become subjects for
themselves and for others
• Hence Foucault can talk of subjectivity as
formed within the subject positions of
discourse.
13
14. ‘ruptures’: Foucault (5)
• ‘*Foucault’s approach+ suggests that discourses
themselves construct the subject-positions from
which they become meaningful and have effects.
Individuals may differ … but they will not be able to
take meaning until they have been able to identify
with those positions which the discourse constructs,
subjected themselves to its rules, and hence become
the subjects of its power/knowledge.
Hall (1997): 56
14
15. Essentialism and anti-essentialism
– Essentialism: Identity is the name for a collective
‘one true self’, formed from a common ancestry,
history and symbolic resources. Example:
‘American identity’.
– Black American … Black African … Black …?
– The ‘articulation’ of situated identities
15