This document summarizes the work of CIAT's Senior Scientist and CGIAR-RTB Leader for Variety Development, Becerra Lopez-Lavalle. It discusses CIAT's efforts to position itself as a leader in next-generation breeding for roots, tubers and bananas through expanding its core team and research areas from 2009-2014. This included increasing staff from 6 collaborators and 2 researchers in 2009-2010 to 10 researchers, 2 agronomists and 2 support staff by 2011-2014. The presentation then outlines CIAT's current research focus areas such as enhancing cassava productivity and resistance to whiteflies, as well as its work on carotenoid and starch biosynthesis pathways to improve nutrition and increase smallholder
Advanced strategies for Metabolomics Data AnalysisDmitry Grapov
Part of a lectures series for the international summer course in metabolomics 2013 (http://metabolomics.ucdavis.edu/courses-and-seminars/courses). Get more material and information here (http://imdevsoftware.wordpress.com/2013/09/08/sessions-in-metabolomics-2013/).
Canvax™ offers a wide range of high quality Human Recombinant Proteins for several research applications like ELISA, Western Blot, Antibody Production or Protein array.
AOCS Plant Protein Science and Technology Forum ((https://plantprotein.aocs.org/) organized a series of virtual events during October 2020 to provide solution insight for the global protein challenge. Research Professor Nesli Sözer’s keynote presentation “Oats as an Alternative Protein Source” was part of the Plant Protein Science and Technology Forum's first session, "Processing and Utilization Technologies." The presentation's learning objectives were: opportunities and challenges of using oats as a protein source; fractionation and further modification technologies to improve oat protein functionality and oat protein-based meat and dairy alternative food examples.
This document provides information on various food additives and ingredients including probiotics, yoghurt cultures, tea extracts, and herbal extracts. It lists multiple product codes, specifications, and the functionality and application of each ingredient. The products include probiotics strains, yoghurt starter cultures for making stirred yoghurt, drinking yoghurt and set yoghurt, tea extracts with varying caffeine content for use in foods and supplements, and herbal extracts for use in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements and foods.
This document provides a price list and capabilities for dietary supplement testing services from Advanced Laboratories. It lists various types of testing including amino acids, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, and more. Testing methods include HPLC, GC, titration, and UV-Vis. Services include microbiological analysis, chemical analysis, metals analysis, and nutritional labeling. Turnaround time is typically 3-5 business days and online sample data access is provided at no charge.
Edward Food Analysis and Research Centre Ltd., owes its origins and growth to the need for ethical, independent,
specialized and informed TIC which truly upholds the maxim: “Consumer is the King” in letter and in
spirit. As such, cutting corners is not our speciality.
We specialize in providing best in class client services enveloping the entire Food Testing and Analytics landscape.
EFRACs Laboratory, pristinely located amidst primal surroundings, is architecturally compliant with
National and International Regulations and is accredited by NABL as per ISO / IEC 17025:2017 & recognized/
approved by leading National & International Standardization agencies such as Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS), Export Inspection Council India (EIC), Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority (APEDA), AGMARK, GAFTA, SGF and FSSAI, for Food Testing and Analytics.
Global farmed crustacean production has been increasing at much faster rate than major farmed species. It is expected to reach 6.8 million metric tons (MMT) in 2015, of which, 69 percent or 4.7 MMT will be from the marine shrimps (Figures 1A, 1B). In the last 15 years, the production increased six-fold driven more by intensification rather than expansion of the area cultivated.
Advanced strategies for Metabolomics Data AnalysisDmitry Grapov
Part of a lectures series for the international summer course in metabolomics 2013 (http://metabolomics.ucdavis.edu/courses-and-seminars/courses). Get more material and information here (http://imdevsoftware.wordpress.com/2013/09/08/sessions-in-metabolomics-2013/).
Canvax™ offers a wide range of high quality Human Recombinant Proteins for several research applications like ELISA, Western Blot, Antibody Production or Protein array.
AOCS Plant Protein Science and Technology Forum ((https://plantprotein.aocs.org/) organized a series of virtual events during October 2020 to provide solution insight for the global protein challenge. Research Professor Nesli Sözer’s keynote presentation “Oats as an Alternative Protein Source” was part of the Plant Protein Science and Technology Forum's first session, "Processing and Utilization Technologies." The presentation's learning objectives were: opportunities and challenges of using oats as a protein source; fractionation and further modification technologies to improve oat protein functionality and oat protein-based meat and dairy alternative food examples.
This document provides information on various food additives and ingredients including probiotics, yoghurt cultures, tea extracts, and herbal extracts. It lists multiple product codes, specifications, and the functionality and application of each ingredient. The products include probiotics strains, yoghurt starter cultures for making stirred yoghurt, drinking yoghurt and set yoghurt, tea extracts with varying caffeine content for use in foods and supplements, and herbal extracts for use in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements and foods.
This document provides a price list and capabilities for dietary supplement testing services from Advanced Laboratories. It lists various types of testing including amino acids, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, and more. Testing methods include HPLC, GC, titration, and UV-Vis. Services include microbiological analysis, chemical analysis, metals analysis, and nutritional labeling. Turnaround time is typically 3-5 business days and online sample data access is provided at no charge.
Edward Food Analysis and Research Centre Ltd., owes its origins and growth to the need for ethical, independent,
specialized and informed TIC which truly upholds the maxim: “Consumer is the King” in letter and in
spirit. As such, cutting corners is not our speciality.
We specialize in providing best in class client services enveloping the entire Food Testing and Analytics landscape.
EFRACs Laboratory, pristinely located amidst primal surroundings, is architecturally compliant with
National and International Regulations and is accredited by NABL as per ISO / IEC 17025:2017 & recognized/
approved by leading National & International Standardization agencies such as Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS), Export Inspection Council India (EIC), Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority (APEDA), AGMARK, GAFTA, SGF and FSSAI, for Food Testing and Analytics.
Global farmed crustacean production has been increasing at much faster rate than major farmed species. It is expected to reach 6.8 million metric tons (MMT) in 2015, of which, 69 percent or 4.7 MMT will be from the marine shrimps (Figures 1A, 1B). In the last 15 years, the production increased six-fold driven more by intensification rather than expansion of the area cultivated.
This document discusses in silico proteolysis of food proteins. It begins by defining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo testing. In silico proteolysis is performed using computer simulation to analyze protein digestion. Several online databases and tools for in silico peptide digestion and prediction are described, including BIOPEP, UniProt, MEROPS, PROSPER, BLAST, and ExPASy tools like PeptideCutter and PeptideMass. Previous studies have identified bioactive peptides with effects like ACE inhibition from proteins in meats, fish, and plant sources. In silico methods allow large-scale, low-cost simulation of protein digestion to discover bioactive peptides for developing functional foods.
The document provides consultancy fee structures for various biopharma and biologics services including process development, QA/QC, training, and market projections. Fees range from Rs. 10,000 for a reviewer role to Rs. 3.5 lakhs for 90 days of consultancy. It also lists the technical experience and clients of Dr. Sumant Chaubey including developing biosimilars and working with various Indian and international biopharma companies.
NIZO Plant Protein Functionality Conference on October 21-22 gathered around 450 attendees to discuss the recent findings and innovations on plant proteins. Research team leader Emilia Nordlund gave a keynote presentation on bioprocessing technologies to improve the plant protein functionality.
NexGen Biosolutions is a leading bio-services provider and supplier of scientific products established in 2009. It aims to increase efficiencies, reduce costs and compress timelines for researchers through its portfolio of discovery products and services. NexGen is driven by innovation, strong research expertise, and an excellent academic pedigree. It offers a range of molecular biology products, chemicals, plastics, and recombinant proteins as well as customized discovery services.
This document provides an overview of Covance's food and dietary supplement testing services. It includes a table of contents and sections on ordering information, quick reference guides to various assay options, and descriptions of assays available in the areas of nutrition labeling, vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, proximate analysis, other assays, natural contaminants, and ICP/ICP-MS testing for elements. The document is intended to help customers understand Covance's capabilities and options for analytical testing to support product development and regulatory compliance for foods and supplements.
This document describes a study that scaled up a process to fractionate hen egg yolks into granule and plasma fractions. Some key findings:
- Granule fraction contained higher levels of protein (2x), lower levels of lipids (2x) and cholesterol (3x) than native egg yolk. It was also enriched in vitamin B9 (folate), containing 3x more than native yolk.
- Protein analysis showed granule fraction mainly composed of high-density lipoproteins and phosvitin, while plasma fraction contained mostly low-density lipoproteins.
- Scaling up was achieved using a tubular bowl centrifuge and resulted in fractions that could have applications in food
This document provides information about Kostae Aqua Biotech (KAB), a company that produces live feeds for ornamental fish seed rearing.
KAB aims to address the low larval survival rates (5-20%) that customers experience by providing customized live feeds at different life stages. Currently KAB can produce moina and plans to start producing rotifers to test with customers.
To achieve rotifer production, KAB needs equipment and supplies costing Rs. 1,97,634 to set up a microalgal laboratory and live feed culture unit. This would allow KAB to isolate and culture algae, rotifers and moina. Commercial production is estimated to begin within
Sponsor Day on animal feeding: Studies of feed additives in experimental cond...Irta
This document summarizes research on studying feed additives in experimental conditions. It describes various experimental infection models used to study Salmonella, E. coli, and Clostridium perfringens. It also discusses analyzing the gut microbiota using cloning, sequencing, and ion torrent analysis. Key findings include that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in digestive physiology and animal health, and can be modified by feed composition and additives, which can help reduce variance in productive parameters and improve farm economics.
Research has demonstrated that phytase is the only enzyme that is able to initiate
the release of phosphorus (P) from the phytate molecule, making it available for
absorption and utilization (Selle and Ravindran, 2007). The industrial demand for
phytases with greater potency in intestinal phytate hydrolysis and better heat
stability continues to stimulate the search for new enzyme sources. Enzyme
preparations with phytases derived from A. ficuum, Peniophora lycii and E. coli are
available commercially. More recently, new microbial 6-phytases produced by
synthetic genes, mimicking a gene from C. braakii or isolated from Buttiauxella,
were introduced into the market.
Blue biotechnology utilizes marine organisms to develop or modify products. It has applications in food ingredients, algal products, biofuels, single cell protein, biosensors, and more. Transgenic fish have been created with genes for enhanced traits like growth rates, disease resistance, and altered breeding cycles. However, biotechnology also faces challenges in achieving large-scale production and overcoming ethical concerns around genetic modification. Overall, the document discusses the current applications and ongoing areas of research for blue biotechnology.
Blue biotechnology utilizes marine organisms to develop or modify products. It has applications in food ingredients, algal products, biofuels, single cell protein, biosensors, and more. Transgenic fish have been created with genes for enhanced traits like growth rates, disease resistance, and altered breeding cycles. However, biotechnology also faces challenges in achieving large-scale production and raises ethical issues that require careful consideration of its applications. Overall, the document discusses the current uses and future potential of blue biotechnology while also noting areas that require more development and issues that need attention regarding its ethical implementation.
Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009Mason Williams
1) The document discusses developing a chemically defined hydrolysate alternative to mitigate risks associated with undefined natural hydrolysates.
2) The approach involves fractionating multiple hydrolysates using RP-HPLC and identifying bioactive fractions that stimulate cell growth and protein production in CHO cells.
3) A new product called EX-CELL CD Hydrolysate Fusion was developed that contains synthetic components identified from bioactive fractions and provides 80-100% of the performance of natural hydrolysates.
The document summarizes research detecting DNA regions associated with milk protein composition in dairy cattle. The study identified regions on chromosomes 6 and 11 that influence casein and beta-lactoglobulin levels. The chromosome 6 region affected all four casein fractions and explained some genetic variants in casein genes. The chromosome 11 region influenced beta-lactoglobulin levels and explained variants of the beta-lactoglobulin gene. Identifying these DNA regions provides opportunities to use genetic selection to improve milk quality and composition for cheese and other dairy products.
in silico validation of efficacy of phytochemicals from Passiflora edulis sim...Sneya Fernandes
This document summarizes an in silico study validating phytochemicals from Passiflora edulis Sims against SARS-CoV-2. 130 phytochemicals were screened against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease protein using molecular docking. Prulaurasin showed the strongest binding and hydrogen bonding. It and 4 other compounds were analyzed further. Prulaurasin demonstrated the best drug-likeness properties including solubility, pharmacokinetics, and no violations of Lipinski's rules. The study concludes Prulaurasin is the best lead compound and recommends further in vitro and in vivo testing to validate its anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity suggested by in silico screening.
- Shenzhen Leveking bio-engineering Co. Ltd produces phytase enzymes for use in animal feed to improve nutrient utilization.
- Phytate in feed binds phosphorus and other minerals, reducing their availability to animals. Leveking's phytase is added to feed to break down phytate, releasing nutrients and improving growth performance.
- A study found that adding Leveking phytase to broiler diets improved final weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in a dose-dependent manner compared to controls.
Commercial gluten test kits use various methods for detecting gluten including ELISA, lateral flow devices, and PCR/MS. ELISA kits use antibodies that detect different prolamin proteins from wheat, rye, and barley but have varying specificity. Issues with test kits include the effect of extraction media and food matrices on results as well as lack of standardized reference materials and need for confirmatory testing.
This document outlines Dr. Megha P.S.'s master's seminar presentation on designer eggs. It includes an introduction, outline, history of designer eggs, types of designer eggs like omega-3 enriched and low cholesterol eggs, health benefits, future prospects, and references. The presentation will discuss modifying egg nutrients like fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamins and minerals to produce nutritionally enhanced designer eggs with superior health benefits. It will also cover marketability and the potential of the egg industry to develop new designer eggs to improve quality, nutrition, safety and shelf life.
Beyond the Feed Tag: Horse Feed Ingredient, Quality, Formulation and Safety I...Gwyn Shelle
Learn what the feed tag does not tell you and how ingredient selection, quality testing, formulation methods and safety programs can impact what you feed your horse.
Durante la Semana de la Agricultura y la Alimentación, el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria – CCAFS, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, FAO, y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT, apoyaron la II Reunión Internacional de Ministros y altas autoridades de agricultura sobre agricultura sostenible y cambio climático con un documento base y su presentación sobre los retos que representa el cambio climático para la agricultura en Latino América y el Caribe.
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
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This document discusses in silico proteolysis of food proteins. It begins by defining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo testing. In silico proteolysis is performed using computer simulation to analyze protein digestion. Several online databases and tools for in silico peptide digestion and prediction are described, including BIOPEP, UniProt, MEROPS, PROSPER, BLAST, and ExPASy tools like PeptideCutter and PeptideMass. Previous studies have identified bioactive peptides with effects like ACE inhibition from proteins in meats, fish, and plant sources. In silico methods allow large-scale, low-cost simulation of protein digestion to discover bioactive peptides for developing functional foods.
The document provides consultancy fee structures for various biopharma and biologics services including process development, QA/QC, training, and market projections. Fees range from Rs. 10,000 for a reviewer role to Rs. 3.5 lakhs for 90 days of consultancy. It also lists the technical experience and clients of Dr. Sumant Chaubey including developing biosimilars and working with various Indian and international biopharma companies.
NIZO Plant Protein Functionality Conference on October 21-22 gathered around 450 attendees to discuss the recent findings and innovations on plant proteins. Research team leader Emilia Nordlund gave a keynote presentation on bioprocessing technologies to improve the plant protein functionality.
NexGen Biosolutions is a leading bio-services provider and supplier of scientific products established in 2009. It aims to increase efficiencies, reduce costs and compress timelines for researchers through its portfolio of discovery products and services. NexGen is driven by innovation, strong research expertise, and an excellent academic pedigree. It offers a range of molecular biology products, chemicals, plastics, and recombinant proteins as well as customized discovery services.
This document provides an overview of Covance's food and dietary supplement testing services. It includes a table of contents and sections on ordering information, quick reference guides to various assay options, and descriptions of assays available in the areas of nutrition labeling, vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, proximate analysis, other assays, natural contaminants, and ICP/ICP-MS testing for elements. The document is intended to help customers understand Covance's capabilities and options for analytical testing to support product development and regulatory compliance for foods and supplements.
This document describes a study that scaled up a process to fractionate hen egg yolks into granule and plasma fractions. Some key findings:
- Granule fraction contained higher levels of protein (2x), lower levels of lipids (2x) and cholesterol (3x) than native egg yolk. It was also enriched in vitamin B9 (folate), containing 3x more than native yolk.
- Protein analysis showed granule fraction mainly composed of high-density lipoproteins and phosvitin, while plasma fraction contained mostly low-density lipoproteins.
- Scaling up was achieved using a tubular bowl centrifuge and resulted in fractions that could have applications in food
This document provides information about Kostae Aqua Biotech (KAB), a company that produces live feeds for ornamental fish seed rearing.
KAB aims to address the low larval survival rates (5-20%) that customers experience by providing customized live feeds at different life stages. Currently KAB can produce moina and plans to start producing rotifers to test with customers.
To achieve rotifer production, KAB needs equipment and supplies costing Rs. 1,97,634 to set up a microalgal laboratory and live feed culture unit. This would allow KAB to isolate and culture algae, rotifers and moina. Commercial production is estimated to begin within
Sponsor Day on animal feeding: Studies of feed additives in experimental cond...Irta
This document summarizes research on studying feed additives in experimental conditions. It describes various experimental infection models used to study Salmonella, E. coli, and Clostridium perfringens. It also discusses analyzing the gut microbiota using cloning, sequencing, and ion torrent analysis. Key findings include that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in digestive physiology and animal health, and can be modified by feed composition and additives, which can help reduce variance in productive parameters and improve farm economics.
Research has demonstrated that phytase is the only enzyme that is able to initiate
the release of phosphorus (P) from the phytate molecule, making it available for
absorption and utilization (Selle and Ravindran, 2007). The industrial demand for
phytases with greater potency in intestinal phytate hydrolysis and better heat
stability continues to stimulate the search for new enzyme sources. Enzyme
preparations with phytases derived from A. ficuum, Peniophora lycii and E. coli are
available commercially. More recently, new microbial 6-phytases produced by
synthetic genes, mimicking a gene from C. braakii or isolated from Buttiauxella,
were introduced into the market.
Blue biotechnology utilizes marine organisms to develop or modify products. It has applications in food ingredients, algal products, biofuels, single cell protein, biosensors, and more. Transgenic fish have been created with genes for enhanced traits like growth rates, disease resistance, and altered breeding cycles. However, biotechnology also faces challenges in achieving large-scale production and overcoming ethical concerns around genetic modification. Overall, the document discusses the current applications and ongoing areas of research for blue biotechnology.
Blue biotechnology utilizes marine organisms to develop or modify products. It has applications in food ingredients, algal products, biofuels, single cell protein, biosensors, and more. Transgenic fish have been created with genes for enhanced traits like growth rates, disease resistance, and altered breeding cycles. However, biotechnology also faces challenges in achieving large-scale production and raises ethical issues that require careful consideration of its applications. Overall, the document discusses the current uses and future potential of blue biotechnology while also noting areas that require more development and issues that need attention regarding its ethical implementation.
Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009Mason Williams
1) The document discusses developing a chemically defined hydrolysate alternative to mitigate risks associated with undefined natural hydrolysates.
2) The approach involves fractionating multiple hydrolysates using RP-HPLC and identifying bioactive fractions that stimulate cell growth and protein production in CHO cells.
3) A new product called EX-CELL CD Hydrolysate Fusion was developed that contains synthetic components identified from bioactive fractions and provides 80-100% of the performance of natural hydrolysates.
The document summarizes research detecting DNA regions associated with milk protein composition in dairy cattle. The study identified regions on chromosomes 6 and 11 that influence casein and beta-lactoglobulin levels. The chromosome 6 region affected all four casein fractions and explained some genetic variants in casein genes. The chromosome 11 region influenced beta-lactoglobulin levels and explained variants of the beta-lactoglobulin gene. Identifying these DNA regions provides opportunities to use genetic selection to improve milk quality and composition for cheese and other dairy products.
in silico validation of efficacy of phytochemicals from Passiflora edulis sim...Sneya Fernandes
This document summarizes an in silico study validating phytochemicals from Passiflora edulis Sims against SARS-CoV-2. 130 phytochemicals were screened against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease protein using molecular docking. Prulaurasin showed the strongest binding and hydrogen bonding. It and 4 other compounds were analyzed further. Prulaurasin demonstrated the best drug-likeness properties including solubility, pharmacokinetics, and no violations of Lipinski's rules. The study concludes Prulaurasin is the best lead compound and recommends further in vitro and in vivo testing to validate its anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity suggested by in silico screening.
- Shenzhen Leveking bio-engineering Co. Ltd produces phytase enzymes for use in animal feed to improve nutrient utilization.
- Phytate in feed binds phosphorus and other minerals, reducing their availability to animals. Leveking's phytase is added to feed to break down phytate, releasing nutrients and improving growth performance.
- A study found that adding Leveking phytase to broiler diets improved final weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in a dose-dependent manner compared to controls.
Commercial gluten test kits use various methods for detecting gluten including ELISA, lateral flow devices, and PCR/MS. ELISA kits use antibodies that detect different prolamin proteins from wheat, rye, and barley but have varying specificity. Issues with test kits include the effect of extraction media and food matrices on results as well as lack of standardized reference materials and need for confirmatory testing.
This document outlines Dr. Megha P.S.'s master's seminar presentation on designer eggs. It includes an introduction, outline, history of designer eggs, types of designer eggs like omega-3 enriched and low cholesterol eggs, health benefits, future prospects, and references. The presentation will discuss modifying egg nutrients like fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamins and minerals to produce nutritionally enhanced designer eggs with superior health benefits. It will also cover marketability and the potential of the egg industry to develop new designer eggs to improve quality, nutrition, safety and shelf life.
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Learn what the feed tag does not tell you and how ingredient selection, quality testing, formulation methods and safety programs can impact what you feed your horse.
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El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Positioning CIAT as leader in next generation breeding for roots, tubers and bananas
1. “Positioning CIAT as Leader in
Next-Generation Breeding for
Roots, Tubers and Bananas”
Becerra Lopez-Lavalle L.A.,
CIAT’s Senior Scientist and CGIAR-RTB Leader for Variety
Development
CIAT Seminar Series – Cali
10 February 2014
20. pVA and Starch: Novel starches
Functional Genetic for high
quality cassava: pVA and Starch
synthase pathways
Waxy and small-granule cassava
Easy hydrolysis good for bioethanol and
bioplastic production
75% Amylopectin
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
X
Starch Synthase Pathway
ATP PPi
75% Amylopectin
G1P
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
ADPG
ADP
ATP PPi
G1P
GBSSI
ADPG
25% Amylose
ADP
GBSSI
25% Amylose
Amyloplast
Amyloplast
21. pVA and Starch: Novel starches
Functional Genetic for high
quality cassava: pVA and Starch
synthase pathways
Waxy and small-granule cassava
75% Amylopectin
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
Starch Synthase Pathway
ATP PPi
75% Amylopectin
G1P
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
ADPG
ADP
XGBSSI
ATP PPi
G1P
100% amylopectin
ADPG
25% Amylose
ADP
GBSSI
25% Amylose
Amyloplast
Amyloplast
22. pVA and Starch: Novel starches
Functional Genetic for high
quality cassava: pVA and Starch
synthase pathways
Waxy and small-granule cassava
Important to bear in mind:
Type and quality of the
amylopectin is control by the
starch-synthase pathway
75% Amylopectin
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
Starch Synthase Pathway
ATP PPi
75% Amylopectin
G1P
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
ADPG
ADP
XGBSSI
ATP PPi
G1P
ADPG
25% Amylose
ADP
GBSSI
25% Amylose
Amyloplast
Amyloplast
23. pVA and Starch: Novel starches
Functional Genetic for high
quality cassava: pVA and Starch
synthase pathways
Starch Synthase Pathway
75% Amylopectin
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
ATP PPi
G1P
ADPG
ADP
GBSSI
25% Amylose
Amyloplast
Waxy and small-granule cassava
24. pVA and Starch: Novel starches WAXY
Functional Genetic for high
quality cassava: pVA and Starch
synthase pathways
GBSSI: Responsible for Waxy cassava
Starch Synthase Pathway
75% Amylopectin
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
ATP PPi
G1P
ADPG
ADP
GBSSI
25% Amylose
Amyloplast
• GBSSI in cassava is ~3400 bp
• 2 to 4 allelic versions
• Among 7 different sources of the
mutation span 126 SNPs
• 3 are diagnostic of the trait
25. pVA and Starch: Novel starches WAXY
New-V
4Wx
-1Ne
w-V2
Wx
7-1N
ew-V
1Wx
70
AC2
7-1
New
CL
-V3
4 2Wx
3N
ew
77
CL
A-V
4 15W
40
6N
x
ew
CL
51
A-V
42
5W
-3N
x
CL
ew
A-V
42
-3N
7W
ew
x
ACU
V4
AM B
W
2
20 9 x
6- V3
AM
5N NW
20
ew x
C
6-V
L4
5N
4W
1ew
6N
x
-V
ew
6W
Ax
V2
W
x
AC27
AC27-1
AC2
91
24
82
57
24
24
24
62
A-V2Wx
CL44-2N
ewA-V1
Wx
CL44-2New
CL41-6NewA-V7Wx
CL41-6NewA-V3Wx
4N
6-2
31
3
SM
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
_0
24
AC
75
V7
1C
AB
2
O
04 K958 639
C O TTO
49
55 33P
N
TT
14 O
O
CH PU
IC LU N
KP S
VE
EA
N3
09
aV
VE
3N
N3
Wx
09a
V2
VE
NW
N30
x
9aV
1NW
CUB
x
29-V
GBS
SJF
7089 6NWx
48N
Wx
CUB23
-V4N
Wx
VEN309
bV2NW
x
XP
24
24
46
99
24
66
99
87
24
24
24
26
26
24
24
CUB23-V
3NWx
TME-3NewV1PSg
NWx
24
24
18
18
25
24
66
24
36
24
24
24
27
21
99
73
24
81
22
VE
N2
NC
AU
72
VE XB4 9-V
1
N2 9-60 9N
9- V4NW W
V4 NWx x
VE
NW x
N2
9-V
x
CU
3N
B2
W
VE C
-V1
x
N3U
0Bb
NW
9 2V
-V4
1N
NW x
Wx
x
TMS30555V1r AM
50
evPSgNWx
CUB 6-5NW
2-V3
x
NW
CUB
x
2-V6
NWx
CU
VEN2B2-V5NWx
9-V2NW
x
IcD
All non-waxy landraces carried the
non-waxy allele(s), but waxy types
also carried non-waxy alleles
C4revV2PSgNWx
VEN29-V1NWx
GB
SS
96
95
85
26
34
34
81
18 49
39
84
Amyloplast
x
W
x
V5 Wx
1W x
AV4 W-xV
3W
ew A8A
ew A-V
6N ew A-V
w
2- 6N -24N ew
6
L4 41- 6Ne -24N
x
C
31 6
1W
CL SL43 331
M1
A-V
C
SM
ew
-3N
42
Wx
CL
2N
3-V 5NWx
B2
75
CU B23-V NWxWx
99
-V a
CU 58096 V4N
28
B
CU N3
VE
99
99
2PSgNWx
TME-3NewV
x
V2NW
CUB27NWx
CUB2-VV1PSgNWx
C4rev
2
24 5
GBSSI
25% Amylose
91
26
82
51
24
ADP
24
62
90
90
89
54
55
29
21
19
ADPG
VEN29-V7NWx
CL41-1NewAV3W
x
AM206-5
New-V1Wx
CUB29V5NW
24
x
CUB29
24
-V
CL4
2-3N 7NWx
ewA
CL4
-V3W
2
x
CL4 -3NewA
82
-V6
2-6
Wx
New
CL
42A-V
6N
CL
4W
53
ew
42
x
A-V
CL
75
2W
SM4 6New
x
11
A-V
SM 33-1 N
1W
e
33 6-3 wA
x
16 2N V4
CL
e W
-3
2N wA- x
CL 41V3
ew
42 6N
W
A-6 ew
x
V4
Ne AW
V6
wA
x
-V Wx
3W
x
24
24
24
G1P
PAN139-V6NWx
24
8
ATP PPi
24
24
11
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
CUB29-V2NWx
VEN29-V6NWx
8NWx
VEN29-V
x
-V1NW x
W
PAN139PSgN
5V2rev
2Wx
3055
wA-V
TMS
Wx
2N e
-V1
316-3
ewA
SM3
-32N
x
316
S
5NWY
SM3
9-V NE
A
N13 M
0
PA416
7
Wx
IX
6N
SS
3-V NWx
GB
B2
1
CU 23-V NWx
4
x
B
CU 58-V NW x
B
V5 W
CU 29- 4N Wx
N
-V N
VE 139 10
N
-V
PA N29
VE
x
CUB58-V3NW
24
24
47
75% Amylopectin
24
24
CUB58-V1NWx
Starch Synthase Pathway
x
W
V1
x
A3W
ew
-V
x
W
wA
V2
1
Ne
x
A-5
33
w
5
4W
Ne
31
-V
SM
5
3
A
5ew
S M 33 1
x
-5N
2W
15
SM
-V
33
x
wA
SM
1W
Ne
A-V
2-3
86
4
w
Wx
Ne
CL
-V5
1-6
ew
L4
C
-5N
x
94
206
V1W
71
AM
wA
Ne
1-1
CL4
Wx
2N
58-V
x
CUB
1NW
29-V
2Wx
CUB
ew-V
6-5N
AM20
Wx
9-V2N
PAN13
36
24
3NWx
76
PAN139-V
5N
5-
24
A-V
ew
All waxy types
carried the waxy
allele(s)
67
AC
J1
1
x
3W
w-V
x
Ne
-V2W
6-5
ewAx
20
4N49W
-2
AM
316 089 x
SM3SJ-F7 NW
S58 V5
GBB
6Wx
wA-V
CU
-2Ne
3Wx
CL44 2NewA-V
x
CL44wA-V5W
44-2Ne
CL
AV2Wx
CL41-1New
CL44-2NewA-V4Wx
Waxy and small-granule cassava
x
4W
Functional Genetic for high
quality cassava: pVA and Starch
synthase pathways
26. pVA and Starch: Novel starches WAXY
New-V
4Wx
-1Ne
w-V2
Wx
7-1N
ew-V
1Wx
70
AC2
7-1
New
CL
-V3
4 2Wx
3N
ew
77
CL
A-V
4 15W
40
6N
x
ew
CL
51
A-V
42
5W
-3N
x
CL
ew
A-V
42
-3N
7W
ew
x
ACU
V4
AM B
W
2
20 9 x
6- V3
AM
5N NW
20
ew x
C
6-V
L4
5N
4W
1ew
6N
x
-V
ew
6W
Ax
V2
W
x
AC27
AC27-1
AC2
91
24
82
57
24
24
24
62
A-V2Wx
CL44-2N
ewA-V1
Wx
CL44-2New
CL41-6NewA-V7Wx
CL41-6NewA-V3Wx
4N
6-2
31
3
SM
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
_0
24
AC
75
V7
1C
AB
2
O
04 K958 639
C O TTO
49
55 33P
N
TT
14 O
O
CH PU
IC LU N
KP S
VE
EA
N3
09
aV
VE
3N
N3
Wx
09a
V2
VE
NW
N30
x
9aV
1NW
CUB
x
29-V
GBS
SJF
7089 6NWx
48N
Wx
CUB23
-V4N
Wx
VEN309
bV2NW
x
XP
24
24
46
99
99
87
26
26
24
24
24
66
24
36
24
24
24
27
21
99
73
24
81
22
VE
N2
NC
AU
72
VE XB4 9-V
1
N2 9-60 9N
9- V4NW W
V4 NWx x
VE
NW x
N2
9-V
x
CU
3N
B2
W
VE C
-V1
x
N3U
0Bb
NW
9 2V
-V4
1N
NW x
Wx
x
TMS30555V1r AM
50
evPSgNWx
CUB 6-5NW
2-V3
x
NW
CUB
x
2-V6
NWx
CU
VEN2B2-V5NWx
9-V2NW
x
All non-waxy landraces carried the
non-waxy allele(s), but waxy types
also carried non-waxy alleles
C4revV2PSgNWx
VEN29-V1NWx
GB
SS
x
W
x
V5 Wx
1W x
AV4 W-xV
3W
ew A8A
ew A-V
6N ew A-V
w
2- 6N -24N ew
6
L4 41- 6Ne -24N
x
C
31 6
1W
CL SL43 331
M1
A-V
C
SM
ew
-3N
42
Wx
CL
2N
3-V 5NWx
B2
75
CU B23-V NWxWx
99
-V a
CU 58096 V4N
28
B
CU N3
VE
99
99
2PSgNWx
TME-3NewV
x
V2NW
CUB27NWx
CUB2-VV1PSgNWx
C4rev
96
95
85
26
34
34
81
18 49
39
IcD
91
26
82
51
84
Amyloplast
24
62
2
24 5
GBSSI
25% Amylose
VEN29-V7NWx
CL41-1NewAV3W
x
AM206-5
New-V1Wx
CUB29V5NW
24
x
CUB29
24
-V
CL4
2-3N 7NWx
ewA
CL4
-V3W
2
x
CL4 -3NewA
82
-V6
2-6
Wx
New
CL
42A-V
6N
CL
4W
53
ew
42
x
A-V
CL
75
2W
SM4 6New
x
11
A-V
SM 33-1 N
1W
e
33 6-3 wA
x
16 2N V4
CL
e W
-3
2N wA- x
CL 41V3
ew
42 6N
W
A-6 ew
x
V4
Ne AW
V6
wA
x
-V Wx
3W
x
24
24
24
ADP
PAN139-V6NWx
24
90
90
89
54
55
29
21
19
ADPG
x
CUB58-V3NW
24
24
24
G1P
CUB29-V2NWx
VEN29-V6NWx
8NWx
VEN29-V
x
-V1NW x
W
PAN139PSgN
5V2rev
2Wx
3055
wA-V
TMS
Wx
2N e
-V1
316-3
ewA
SM3
-32N
x
316
S
5NWY
SM3
9-V NE
A
N13 M
0
PA416
7
Wx
IX
6N
SS
3-V NWx
GB
B2
1
CU 23-V NWx
4
x
B
CU 58-V NW x
B
V5 W
CU 29- 4N Wx
N
-V N
VE 139 10
N
-V
PA N29
VE
24
8
ATP PPi
24
11
DE
SBEII
SBEI
SSIII
SSII
SSI
24
24
47
75% Amylopectin
24
24
18
18
25
24
Starch Synthase Pathway
Is cassava really
diploid (2X)?
24
24
CUB58-V1NWx
24
66
CUB23-V
3NWx
TME-3NewV1PSg
NWx
x
W
V1
x
A3W
ew
-V
x
W
wA
V2
1
Ne
x
A-5
33
w
5
4W
Ne
31
-V
SM
5
3
A
5ew
S M 33 1
x
-5N
2W
15
SM
-V
33
x
wA
SM
1W
Ne
A-V
2-3
86
4
w
Wx
Ne
CL
-V5
1-6
ew
L4
C
-5N
x
94
206
V1W
71
AM
wA
Ne
1-1
CL4
Wx
2N
58-V
x
CUB
1NW
29-V
2Wx
CUB
ew-V
6-5N
AM20
Wx
9-V2N
PAN13
36
24
3NWx
76
PAN139-V
5N
5-
24
A-V
ew
All waxy types
carried the waxy
allele(s)
67
AC
J1
1
x
3W
w-V
x
Ne
-V2W
6-5
ewAx
20
4N49W
-2
AM
316 089 x
SM3SJ-F7 NW
S58 V5
GBB
6Wx
wA-V
CU
-2Ne
3Wx
CL44 2NewA-V
x
CL44wA-V5W
44-2Ne
CL
AV2Wx
CL41-1New
CL44-2NewA-V4Wx
Waxy and small-granule cassava
x
4W
Functional Genetic for high
quality cassava: pVA and Starch
synthase pathways
27. Whitefly research: WHY
Whitefly control: a durable
solution to cassava-disease
pandemics (Africa and Asia)
Whiteflies have been called
Whitefly resistance
A
B
CMC-40
“The pest of 21st Century”
Tomato
C
Citrus
D
MEcu 72
Whitefly molecular identification
Bemisia tabaci JN410741
Asia /
Asia-Minor
Bemisia tabaci JN410738
Bemisia tabaci biotypeB KF059959 CIAT
100
A
Bemisia tabaci biotypeA KF059958 CIAT
96
99
30
New World
G-I
99
81
Bemisia tabaci AY521259
Aleurolobus marlatti JQ340188
Asia
Siphoninus philyreae JQ340199
Aleurocanthus inceratus HM150621
45
B
Asia
Crenidorsum micheliae JQ340190
97
C
Aleurotrachelus trachoides KF059957 CIAT
98
Aleurothrachelus socialis KF059953 CIAT
89
88
New World
G-II
Aleurocanthus spiniferus JQ340176
D
Aleurothrixus floccosus KF059956 CIAT
Aleuroclava sp JQ340187
Dialeurodes citri JQ340193
98
93
G-III
Dialeuropora JQ340197
73
Asia
Dialeurodes hongkongensis JQ340195
E
New World
Trialeurodes variabilis KF059962 CIAT
Trialeurodes vaporiariorum KF192508 CIAT
99
G-IV
68
New World
G-V
Aleyrodinae
99
F
100 Trialeurodes vaporariorum AY521265
Aleurodicinae
Aleuronudus melzeri KF059955 CIAT
G
Aleurodicus dugessi AY521251
46
99
Lecanoideus floccissimus KF059960 CIAT
H
Aleurodicus dispersus KF059954 CIAT
95
99
Aleurodicus dispersus EU581838
I
75 Aleurodicus dispersus EU581837
100
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61333
Drosophila melanogaster AGE13862
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
G-VI
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61439
Asia
Cotton
Zucchini
Palm
28. Whitefly research
Whitefly control: a durable
solution to cassava-disease
pandemics (Africa and Asia)
Whitefly Pest response Bio-assay
Whitefly resistance
A
A
B
B
CMC-40
C
D
C
MEcu 72
Whitefly molecular identification
Bemisia tabaci JN410741
Asia /
Asia-Minor
Bemisia tabaci JN410738
Bemisia tabaci biotypeB KF059959 CIAT
A
Bemisia tabaci biotypeA KF059958 CIAT
96
99
30
New World
G-I
99
81
100
Bemisia tabaci AY521259
Aleurolobus marlatti JQ340188
Asia
Siphoninus philyreae JQ340199
Aleurocanthus inceratus HM150621
45
B
Asia
Crenidorsum micheliae JQ340190
97
C
Aleurotrachelus trachoides KF059957 CIAT
98
Aleurothrachelus socialis KF059953 CIAT
89
88
New World
G-II
Aleurocanthus spiniferus JQ340176
D
Aleurothrixus floccosus KF059956 CIAT
Aleuroclava sp JQ340187
Dialeurodes citri JQ340193
98
93
G-III
Dialeuropora JQ340197
73
Asia
Dialeurodes hongkongensis JQ340195
E
New World
Trialeurodes variabilis KF059962 CIAT
Trialeurodes vaporiariorum KF192508 CIAT
99
G-IV
68
New World
G-V
Aleyrodinae
99
F
100 Trialeurodes vaporariorum AY521265
Aleurodicinae
Aleuronudus melzeri KF059955 CIAT
G
Aleurodicus dugessi AY521251
46
99
Lecanoideus floccissimus KF059960 CIAT
H
Aleurodicus dispersus KF059954 CIAT
95
99
Aleurodicus dispersus EU581838
I
75 Aleurodicus dispersus EU581837
100
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61333
Drosophila melanogaster AGE13862
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
G-VI
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61439
Asia
29. Whitefly research
Whitefly control: a durable
solution to cassava-disease
pandemics (Africa and Asia)
Whitefly resistance
A
B
CMC-40
C
D
MEcu 72
Whitefly molecular identification
Bemisia tabaci JN410741
Asia /
Asia-Minor
Bemisia tabaci JN410738
Bemisia tabaci biotypeB KF059959 CIAT
A
Bemisia tabaci biotypeA KF059958 CIAT
96
99
30
New World
G-I
99
81
100
Bemisia tabaci AY521259
Aleurolobus marlatti JQ340188
Asia
Siphoninus philyreae JQ340199
Aleurocanthus inceratus HM150621
45
B
Asia
Crenidorsum micheliae JQ340190
97
C
Aleurotrachelus trachoides KF059957 CIAT
98
Aleurothrachelus socialis KF059953 CIAT
89
88
New World
G-II
Aleurocanthus spiniferus JQ340176
D
Aleurothrixus floccosus KF059956 CIAT
Aleuroclava sp JQ340187
Dialeurodes citri JQ340193
98
93
G-III
Dialeuropora JQ340197
73
Asia
Dialeurodes hongkongensis JQ340195
E
New World
Trialeurodes variabilis KF059962 CIAT
Trialeurodes vaporiariorum KF192508 CIAT
99
G-IV
68
New World
G-V
Aleyrodinae
99
F
100 Trialeurodes vaporariorum AY521265
Aleurodicinae
Aleuronudus melzeri KF059955 CIAT
G
Aleurodicus dugessi AY521251
46
99
Lecanoideus floccissimus KF059960 CIAT
H
Aleurodicus dispersus KF059954 CIAT
95
99
Aleurodicus dispersus EU581838
I
75 Aleurodicus dispersus EU581837
100
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61333
Drosophila melanogaster AGE13862
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
G-VI
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61439
Asia
Whitefly SSR and AFLP genetic map
SNP markers are underway
30. Whitefly research
Whitefly control: a durable
solution to cassava-disease
pandemics (Africa and Asia)
Whitefly resistance
A
B
CMC-40
C
D
MEcu 72
Whitefly molecular identification
Bemisia tabaci JN410741
Asia /
Asia-Minor
Bemisia tabaci JN410738
Bemisia tabaci biotypeB KF059959 CIAT
A
Bemisia tabaci biotypeA KF059958 CIAT
96
99
30
New World
G-I
99
81
100
Bemisia tabaci AY521259
Aleurolobus marlatti JQ340188
Asia
Siphoninus philyreae JQ340199
Aleurocanthus inceratus HM150621
45
B
Asia
Crenidorsum micheliae JQ340190
97
C
Aleurotrachelus trachoides KF059957 CIAT
98
Aleurothrachelus socialis KF059953 CIAT
89
88
New World
G-II
Aleurocanthus spiniferus JQ340176
D
Aleurothrixus floccosus KF059956 CIAT
Aleuroclava sp JQ340187
Dialeurodes citri JQ340193
98
93
G-III
Dialeuropora JQ340197
73
Asia
Dialeurodes hongkongensis JQ340195
E
New World
Trialeurodes variabilis KF059962 CIAT
Trialeurodes vaporiariorum KF192508 CIAT
99
G-IV
68
New World
G-V
Aleyrodinae
99
F
100 Trialeurodes vaporariorum AY521265
Aleurodicinae
Aleuronudus melzeri KF059955 CIAT
G
Aleurodicus dugessi AY521251
46
99
Lecanoideus floccissimus KF059960 CIAT
H
Aleurodicus dispersus KF059954 CIAT
95
99
Aleurodicus dispersus EU581838
I
75 Aleurodicus dispersus EU581837
100
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61333
Drosophila melanogaster AGE13862
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
G-VI
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61439
Asia
Grant to be approved in 2014
31. Whitefly research
Whitefly control: a durable
solution to cassava-disease
pandemics (Africa and Asia)
Grant to be approved in 2014
Whitefly resistance
A
B
CMC-40
C
D
MEcu 72
Whitefly molecular identification
Bemisia tabaci JN410741
Asia /
Asia-Minor
Bemisia tabaci JN410738
Bemisia tabaci biotypeB KF059959 CIAT
A
Bemisia tabaci biotypeA KF059958 CIAT
96
99
30
New World
G-I
99
81
100
Bemisia tabaci AY521259
Aleurolobus marlatti JQ340188
Asia
Siphoninus philyreae JQ340199
Aleurocanthus inceratus HM150621
45
B
Asia
Crenidorsum micheliae JQ340190
97
C
Aleurotrachelus trachoides KF059957 CIAT
98
Aleurothrachelus socialis KF059953 CIAT
89
88
New World
G-II
Aleurocanthus spiniferus JQ340176
D
Aleurothrixus floccosus KF059956 CIAT
Aleuroclava sp JQ340187
68
Dialeurodes citri JQ340193
98
93
G-III
Dialeuropora JQ340197
73
Asia
Dialeurodes hongkongensis JQ340195
E
Trialeurodes variabilis KF059962 CIAT
New World
Trialeurodes vaporiariorum KF192508 CIAT
99
F
G-IV
Aleyrodinae
99
100 Trialeurodes vaporariorum AY521265
G
Aleurodicus dugessi AY521251
46
99
Lecanoideus floccissimus KF059960 CIAT
H
Aleurodicus dispersus KF059954 CIAT
95
99
Aleurodicus dispersus EU581838
I
75 Aleurodicus dispersus EU581837
100
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61333
Drosophila melanogaster AGE13862
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
G-VI
Drosophila melanogaster ADW61439
New World
Asia
G-V
Aleurodicinae
Aleuronudus melzeri KF059955 CIAT
Dr. Adriana Bohorquez
Post Doctoral Fellow
32. Lesson learned:
Cassava genetic resource are critical to advance crop
development. Understanding them fully is imperative
A
B
CMC-40
C
MEcu 72
D
33. Positioning CIAT as a Leader in RTB
Improvement
By 2012
Cassava Genetics / Molecular breeding
working like Swiss clock
Tissue Culture
Mol. Biology
WhiteFly Res.
VIGS
Bioinformatic & Data Management
The Best Team
Post Harvest
Breeding
35. Global Cassava Diversity: Cross-Cutting
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
36. Global Cassava Diversity: Strategy
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
mGWAS and GWAS
High pVA
Waxy
37. Global Cassava Diversity: OMICS
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Data generation and analysis pipeline
Next-generation sequencing
Sampling
• Selection of
relevant
breeding
genotypes
Metabolomic profiling
• Geographic
distribution
RAD-SEQ
Bioinformatic
Pipeline
Pop.
GENOMICS
Whole Genome
Region/Window
• Mapping to
REF-GENOME
• Pop.
Structure
• Adequate
data filtering
• Pop. diversity
• Variant
detection and
genotyping
(NGSEP)
• Differential
and random
matting
estimates
• Nucleotide
diversity
• Tajima’s D
• Kernell
smoothed
FSTs
SNP-KIT
Genotype
validation/
Identification
• Identification
of highly
informative
SNPs to
discriminate
among
cassava
accessions
38. Global Cassava Diversity: OMICS
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
•
Metabolomic profiling
1,900 Experimental nurseries
•
Nearly 15’000,000 data points
39. Global Cassava Diversity: OMICS
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
•
•
Important genotypes: MCol22, MCol1505,
MCol1684, MBra12.
•
Next-generation sequencing
Identification of the 139 founders CIAT’s
cassava breeding program
Identification of 25 trait-specific genotypes
to construct the Cassava-Basic
Metabolome Profile
Founder freq.
Metabolomic profiling
X
Genotypes
40. Global Cassava Diversity: OMICS
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
CIAT’s cassava collection compositions
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
SAMPLING:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Founders CIAT’s breeding program
CIAT’s Core collection
Other Landraces
Wild Manihot species
Improved Cassava Materials
African materials
0139
0429
0163
0054
0170
0300
1255
41. Cassava Agro-biodiversity
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
NextGen sequencing: RAD-seq
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
820 acc.
435 acc.
42. Cassava Agro-biodiversity
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
NextGen sequencing: Whole genome
11 acc.
06 acc.
44. Cassava Agro-biodiversity
Enhancing Cassava productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
1. Sequence Analysis using NGSEP on
346 cassava specimens
• 292 Cassava accessions from LAC
• 054 Wild Manihot species
2. Strong differentiation between wild
and cultivated specimens
Metabolomic profiling
• 614,000 SNPs were used to trace
for the closest wild relatives to
cassava
3. Complex patterns of population
structure within M. esculenta
• 99,037 SNPs were used.
45. Cassava Agro-biodiversity
FLA PER ALT
FLA PER TST
FLA CTH GUT
AES ALT
Wild Manihots
WKE
K1 Southern South America
K2 Caribbean
K3 Mesoamerican
K4 Andean Cordillera (High lands)
K5 Savanna
K6 Amazon and Eastern Brazil
47. Cassava Agro-biodiversity
High level of genetic
diversity found in
Mesoamerican landraces
7%
70%
K1 Southern South America
K2 Caribbean
K3 Mesoamerican
K4 Andean Cordillera (High lands)
K5 Savanna
K6 Amazon and Eastern Brazil
48. Cassava Agro-biodiversity
K2
K1
K3 K5
K4
Cassava has a geographical
sub-population distribution
that suggest northward southward movement.
K6
K1
K1 Southern South America
K2 Caribbean
K3 Mesoamerican
K4 Andean Cordillera (High lands)
K5 Savanna
K6 Amazon and Eastern Brazil
50. Signs of selection in cassava
Cassava
Wild
Cassava Chromosomes much needed
51. Global Cassava Diversity: Genomics
DEVELOPING A CORE SET OF SNPs FOR VALIDATION AND
IDENTIFICATION OF CASSAVA ACCESSIONS
High Quality SNPs
Technical criteria
for SNPtype™
Assays in
Fluidigm.
Highly Informative
SNPs shared
between WGS
and RAD-seq
No SNPs
around 40bp
SNP/Scaffold
Filters:
Repetitive
regions and
CNVs
GC content
from 40 to 65
Mínimum MAF
0.2
Quality Score:
Higher than 40
More than 10
homozygous
differences
52. Application: SNP-kit for variety ID
This core set of 181 SNPs enabled:
• Accurate identifications of CIAT’s Cassava
materials, and
• Allowed for the assessment of the diversity
of uncharacterized cassava collected in
Amazonian native communities
A set of the most 181 informative SNPs
discovered by RAD-seq were validated by
Fluidigm SNP-type chip technology.
9,216 data points
96 SNPs
96 DNAs
Unknown germplasm
CIAT’s germplasm
48 SNPs
48 DNAs
2,304 data points
HOM
HET
HOM
54. Global RTB Diversity for breeding APPS
Enhancing RTB productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
Why Metabolomics
• It has been determined that there
are approximately 31,000 genes in
cassava, 37,000 in banana, and
39,000 in potato. For sweetpotato
and yams is still unknown.
• However how these gene interact
with each or in other words how
are they connected in networks is
UNKNOWN.
• The big challenge is: TO MEASURE
HOW these genes interact in
networks – METABOLOMICS is the
best approach.
55. Global RTB Diversity for breeding APPS
Enhancing RTB productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
Why Metabolomics
• Genome-scale metabolic networks
provide a comprehensive
structural framework for qualitative
and quantitative measure of
genotype-phenotype relationships.
56. Breeding Applications: Statistical “omics”
Enhancing RTB productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
Non-target Profiling
Making sense of the data
Metabolomic profiling
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375960106006530#gr003
57. Breeding Applications: Statistical “omics”
Enhancing RTB productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Analytical Challenge
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
System Biology Analysis for Breeding
Regulome
Regulomics
http://www.genengnews.com/Media/images/Article/UnivVA_MetabolicNetwork7514635831.jpg
58. Breeding Applications: Statistical “omics”
Enhancing RTB productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Future of Genetic Gain??
Next-generation sequencing
Regulome
Metabolomic profiling
http://www.embl.de/research/units/scb/patil/
59. Breeding Applications: Statistical “omics”
Enhancing RTB productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Future of Genetic Gain??
Next-generation sequencing
Regulome
Metabolomic profiling
pVA
carotenoid biosynthetic pathways
http://www.embl.de/research/units/scb/patil/
60. Breeding Applications: Statistical “omics”
Enhancing RTB productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
Metabolite clusters-traits
Hoekenga Lab Pipeline: LC/MS Fingerprinting
61. Metabolomics: Team
Enhancing RTB productivity
through more targeted use of
global genetic diversity
Next-generation sequencing
Post-Doctoral fellow and PhD
candidate appointed
Metabolomic profiling
Elisabete
Barros-Carvalho (PhD)
Paul Fraser (PhD)
Elliot
Price (PhD candidate)
62. RTB Transformational Breeding
Positioning CIAT as a Leader in RTB breeding in 2nd CRP Phase
MWAS
DNA
RNA
Genome Transcriptome
eQTL
Genotype
Proteins
Metabolites
Phenotype
Proteome
Metabolome
Phenome
pQTL
Molecular
mQTL - mGWAS
Trait
QTL - GWAS & GS
networks
Phenotype
System Biology Analysis for Breeding with high genetic gains
63. RTB Transformational Breeding Platform
Positioning CIAT as a Leader in RTB breeding in 2nd CRP Phase
Rich a consensus on
GENETIC GAIN in
RTBs
RTB genetic gains
means: On the one
hand, increasing the
frequency of
favorable alleles and
opposing their
losses through drift.
On the other,
reducing the
frequency of
deleterious alleles,
which can result in
an excess of genetic
load