This paper deals with the numerical analysis of 3d model which has inlet port diameter 46mm,valve diameter 43mm and the length and diameter of the cy linder is 562mm and 93.65mm respectively which is developed to study the effect of valve lif t on the flow of fluid inside the cylinder. For different valve lifts velocity will change inside t he cylinder. Results of CFD simulation indicated th at valve lift affects velocity flow field inside the c ylinder. It also proved that CFD is a convenient to ol for designing and optimizing the flow field in the engine.
The Ninth episode of Season 07- "The Feverish Affair" was conducted successfully on 16/12/22.
This quiz was like the previous one in this season as it was a written one for the freshers who showed up in great numbers. The quiz was a general one with hastily but well framed questions and fun for the freshers.
It was a fun quiz that might have leant towards India, making it an enjoyable experience for all the freshies.
The Ninth episode of Season 07- "The Feverish Affair" was conducted successfully on 16/12/22.
This quiz was like the previous one in this season as it was a written one for the freshers who showed up in great numbers. The quiz was a general one with hastily but well framed questions and fun for the freshers.
It was a fun quiz that might have leant towards India, making it an enjoyable experience for all the freshies.
As we move forward in the uncertainty of these times, Quiz Society, SRCC brings Memeflix: The Entertainment Quiz to help bust your stress and pave your way through all sorts of entertainment-based trivia. As the name suggests, get ready with your witty answers to our fun questions from the world of Netflix, Memes, and so much more.
This quiz can also be viewed and downloaded at: https://www.quizsocsrcc.com/
Do you like Music? Maybe Literature? Art? Sports perhaps? Or even if you just enjoy consuming various forms of entertainment media, this quiz is for you, encompassing almost every mainstream topic!! This quiz is for everyone and do exploit your expertise to win!
Start off your waves with this fun and exciting quiz!!!
Prerequisites: Procrastination (all that time wasted on the couch watching shows, YouTube, and sports is going to pay off).
Teams of 1-3 members
🗓Date: 27th October
🕙 Time: 10AM
📍 Location: LT-2
Format and rules for the quizzes:
1. A 25 question written elimination round will be held first,
followed by the 8 highest scoring teams moving on to the Final.
2.A number of different types of Quiz rounds will be held in the Final.
3.Use of unfair means would lead to disqualification.
4.Quizmaster’s decision is final and binding.
(Prelims) Music, Movies and Sports Quiz - Magajastro 2014Debanjan Bose
Hosted as a part of Calcutta Medical College's annual quiz fest - Magajastro. This was a college quiz for teams of two.
If you want to use any of these questions, you can. However, I hope you will give the necessary credit.
Biz-Tech Quiz prelim held on 8th Nov,2011 as a part of Intra-College Quiz-Fest 2.0 at BMSCE,Bangalore.
By - Himadri Banerjee
Assisted by - Sharath Babu and Akshath
CFD and EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS of VORTEX SHEDDING BEHIND D-SHAPED CYLINDERAM Publications
The flow around bluff bodies is an area of great research of scientists for several years. Vortex shedding is
one of the most challenging phenomenon in turbulent flows. This phenomenon was first studied by Strouhal. Many
researchers have modeled the various objects as cylinders with different cross-sections among which square and
circular cylinders were the most interested sections to study the vortex shedding phenomenon. The Vortex Shedding
frequency depends on different aspects of the flow field such as the end conditions, blockage ratio of the flow passage,
and width to height ratio. This case studies the wave development behind a D-Shaped cylinder, at different Reynolds
numbers, for which we expect a vortex street in the wake of the D-Shaped cylinder, the well known as von Kármán
Street. This body typically serves some vital operational function in aerodynamic. In circular cylinder flow separation
point changes with Reynolds number but in D-Shaped cylinder there is fix flow separation point. So there is more
wake steadiness in D-Shaped cylinder as compared to Circular cylinder and drag reduction because of wake
steadiness.In the present work CFD simulation is carried out for flow past a D-Shaped cylinder to see the wake
behavior. The Reynolds number regime currently studied corresponds to low Reynolds number, laminar and
nominally two-dimensional wake. The fluid domain is a two-dimensional plane with a D-Shaped cylinder of
dimensions B=90mm, H=80mm and L=200mm. CFD calculations of the 2-D flow past the D-Shaped cylinder are
presented and results are validated by comparing with Experimental results of pressure distribution on cylinder
surface. The experimentation is carried out using small open type wind tunnel. The flow visualization is done by
smoke visualization technique. Results are presented for various B/H ratios and Reynolds numbers. The variation of
Strouhal number with Reynolds number is found from the analysis. The focus of the present research is on reducing
the wake unsteadiness.
As we move forward in the uncertainty of these times, Quiz Society, SRCC brings Memeflix: The Entertainment Quiz to help bust your stress and pave your way through all sorts of entertainment-based trivia. As the name suggests, get ready with your witty answers to our fun questions from the world of Netflix, Memes, and so much more.
This quiz can also be viewed and downloaded at: https://www.quizsocsrcc.com/
Do you like Music? Maybe Literature? Art? Sports perhaps? Or even if you just enjoy consuming various forms of entertainment media, this quiz is for you, encompassing almost every mainstream topic!! This quiz is for everyone and do exploit your expertise to win!
Start off your waves with this fun and exciting quiz!!!
Prerequisites: Procrastination (all that time wasted on the couch watching shows, YouTube, and sports is going to pay off).
Teams of 1-3 members
🗓Date: 27th October
🕙 Time: 10AM
📍 Location: LT-2
Format and rules for the quizzes:
1. A 25 question written elimination round will be held first,
followed by the 8 highest scoring teams moving on to the Final.
2.A number of different types of Quiz rounds will be held in the Final.
3.Use of unfair means would lead to disqualification.
4.Quizmaster’s decision is final and binding.
(Prelims) Music, Movies and Sports Quiz - Magajastro 2014Debanjan Bose
Hosted as a part of Calcutta Medical College's annual quiz fest - Magajastro. This was a college quiz for teams of two.
If you want to use any of these questions, you can. However, I hope you will give the necessary credit.
Biz-Tech Quiz prelim held on 8th Nov,2011 as a part of Intra-College Quiz-Fest 2.0 at BMSCE,Bangalore.
By - Himadri Banerjee
Assisted by - Sharath Babu and Akshath
CFD and EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS of VORTEX SHEDDING BEHIND D-SHAPED CYLINDERAM Publications
The flow around bluff bodies is an area of great research of scientists for several years. Vortex shedding is
one of the most challenging phenomenon in turbulent flows. This phenomenon was first studied by Strouhal. Many
researchers have modeled the various objects as cylinders with different cross-sections among which square and
circular cylinders were the most interested sections to study the vortex shedding phenomenon. The Vortex Shedding
frequency depends on different aspects of the flow field such as the end conditions, blockage ratio of the flow passage,
and width to height ratio. This case studies the wave development behind a D-Shaped cylinder, at different Reynolds
numbers, for which we expect a vortex street in the wake of the D-Shaped cylinder, the well known as von Kármán
Street. This body typically serves some vital operational function in aerodynamic. In circular cylinder flow separation
point changes with Reynolds number but in D-Shaped cylinder there is fix flow separation point. So there is more
wake steadiness in D-Shaped cylinder as compared to Circular cylinder and drag reduction because of wake
steadiness.In the present work CFD simulation is carried out for flow past a D-Shaped cylinder to see the wake
behavior. The Reynolds number regime currently studied corresponds to low Reynolds number, laminar and
nominally two-dimensional wake. The fluid domain is a two-dimensional plane with a D-Shaped cylinder of
dimensions B=90mm, H=80mm and L=200mm. CFD calculations of the 2-D flow past the D-Shaped cylinder are
presented and results are validated by comparing with Experimental results of pressure distribution on cylinder
surface. The experimentation is carried out using small open type wind tunnel. The flow visualization is done by
smoke visualization technique. Results are presented for various B/H ratios and Reynolds numbers. The variation of
Strouhal number with Reynolds number is found from the analysis. The focus of the present research is on reducing
the wake unsteadiness.
Head Loss Estimation for Water Jets from Flip Bucketstheijes
Water jet issued from flip bucket at the end of the spillway of a dam can be a threat for the stability and safety of the dam body due to subsequent scour at the impingement point. However, a strong jet from the flip bucket interacts with the surrounding air and develops into an aerated turbulent jet while the jet impact and scouring effect is reduced significantly. Aeration of the jet, at the same time, cause head losses along the trajectory. An experimental study is conducted to measure the trajectory lengths and investigate the effect of water depth in the river on the dynamic pressures acted on the river bed. The trajectory lengths with and without air entrainment are calculated using empirical equations and compared with the measurements. Head losses due to air entrainment are determined using the difference of the trajectory lengths with and without aeration, based on the projectile motion theory. Numerical simulation of the flow over the spillway, along the flip bucket and the jet trajectory is made and the results are compared with the experimental data. It is observed that trajectory lengths obtained from experiments, numerical simulation and empirical formulas are comparable with negligible differences. This allows us to combine alternate approaches to determine the trajectory lengths with and without air entrainment and estimate the head losses accordingly.
CFD ANALYSIS IN AN EJECTOR OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE TEST BEDIAEME Publication
An Ejector system has been used to provide high mass flow to the aero-gas turbine engine in a ground test bed facility. CFD method has been used to determine the performance of the ejector with and without a debris guard. In the first case of flow analyses without debris guard in the ejector, the back pressure was reduced to an extent to know the entrainment ratio. It was found that a pressure of 0.1 bar is required to attain this condition called double choking of the ejector. Further analysis was carried out for a back pressure of 0.9 bar with debris guard. Total pressure loss of 8.56% was found across the debris guard. Also the mass flow through the ejector has reduced by 15% due to debris guard.
Diffusers are extensively used in centrifugal
compressors, axial flow compressors, ram jets, combustion
chambers, inlet portions of jet engines and etc. A small change in
pressure recovery can increases the efficiency significantly.
Therefore diffusers are absolutely essential for good turbo
machinery performance. The geometric limitations in aircraft
applications where the diffusers need to be specially designed so
as to achieve maximum pressure recovery and avoiding flow
separation.
The study behind the investigation of flow separation in a planar
diffuser by varying the diffuser taper angle for axisymmetric
expansion. Numerical solution of 2D axisymmetric diffuser model
is validated for skin friction coefficient and pressure coefficient
along upper and bottom wall surfaces with the experimental
results of planar diffuser predicted by Vance Dippold and
Nicholas J. Georgiadis in NASA research center [2]
.
Further the diffuser taper angle is varied for other different
angles and results shows the effect of flow separation were it is
reduces i.e., for what angle and at which angle it is just avoided.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Prediction of flow characteristics through a circular port of a spool valve u...eSAT Journals
Abstract Hydraulic spool valves are used in a variety of industrial equipment’s like earth moving machinery, aircrafts and machine tools etc. A hydraulic spool valve is a switching device used for controlling hydraulic devices. A spool valve can turn the flow of hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic pump to an actuator in forward or reverse directions or on and off by blocking offthe route of the fluid takes. A controller moves the valve back and forth in its case to slide the spools into different positions. As the spool moves across the inlet port, the port which is initially fully open, circular in shape and permitting the fluid flow, is getting closed gradually. Once the spool starts moving, the inlet port becomes non circular and continues to be so till closure. The shape and the area of the port that is still left open for the oil to flow is steadily changing. The area which is originally circular is becoming far away from circularity. It is required to study the flow in such port-spool combination. The purpose of the dissertation is to compute the flow for different port openings. ANSYS CFD FLOTRAN software is used to predict the flow characteristics. The exact flow path is simulated. The predicted results are compared with the analytical calculations. Key words- Spool valve, Simulation, Flow Characteristics, CFD
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Cfd analysis of rae 2822 supercritical airfoil at transonic mach speedseSAT Journals
Abstract The Aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil play a very important role in terms of design aspects and experimental validation. A distinctive supercritical airfoil is found to give inappropriate results at peak operating conditions. This led to design changes and optimization of the foil with the help of a cusp like structure added to the trailing edge of the foil. The present work emphasizes the computation of a supercritical airfoil with and without wedge profiles at different angles of attack and free stream velocities. The formation of a shock wave is observed when the free stream approaches a transonic mach number. This shock wave is a type of propagating disturbance which greatly effects the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil. The flow properties such as pressure, temperature and density experience a drastic change upstream and downstream of the generated shock. The main goal of the proposed paper is to carryout the simulation and analysis of RAE 2822 supercritical airfoil with and without wedge profiles along with the study of aerodynamic characteristics such as Lift and drag coefficients at different Mach numbers. The objective is to improve the stability of the airfoil when the flow approaches transonic Mach speeds. The design profile chosen is based upon existing literature studies. Key Words: Supercritical Airfoil, Shock wave, Transonic mach, Mach number etc…
Optimization of Closure Law of Guide Vanes for an Operational Hydropower Plan...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper addresses the optimization of twostage closure law of guide vanes in an operational
hydropower plant of Nepal. The mathematical model
has been established in commercial software Bentley
Hammer, whose correctness has been validated by
comparing the results with the data of experimental
load rejection test. The validated mathematical model
has been employed to find the parameters of optimum
closure pattern, which minimizes the non-linear
objective function of maximum water pressure and
maximum rotational speed of turbine.
Experimental Investigations and Computational Analysis on Subsonic Wind Tunnelijtsrd
This paper disclose the entire approach to design an open circuit subsonic wind tunnel which will be used to consider the wind impact on the airfoil. The current rules and discoveries of the past research works were sought after for plan figuring of different segments of the wind tunnel. Wind speed of 26 m s have been practiced at the test territory. The wind qualities over a symmetrical airfoil are viewed as probably in a low speed wind tunnel. Tests were finished by moving the approach, from 0 to 5 degree. The stream attributes over a symmetrical airfoil are examined tentatively. The pressure distribution on the airfoil area was estimated, lift and drag force were estimated and velocity profiles were acquired. Rishabh Kumar Sahu | Saurabh Sharma | Vivek Swaroop | Vishal Kumar ""Experimental Investigations and Computational Analysis on Subsonic Wind Tunnel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23511.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23511/experimental-investigations-and-computational-analysis-on-subsonic-wind-tunnel/rishabh-kumar-sahu
The effect of rotational speed variation on the velocity vectors in the singl...IOSR Journals
The current investigation is aimed to simulate the three-dimensional complex internal flow in a
centrifugal pump impeller with five twisted blades by using a specialized computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
software ANSYS /FLUENT 14code with a standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model.
A single blade passage will be modeled to give more accurate results for velocity vectors on (blade, hub, and
shroud). The potential consequences of velocity vectors associated with operating a centrifugal compressor in
variable rotation speed.
A numerical three-dimensional, through flow calculations to predict velocity vectors through a
centrifugal pump were presented to examined the effect of rotational speed variation on the velocity vectors of
the centrifugal pump . The contours of the velocity vectors of the blade, hub, and shroud indicates low velocity
vectors in the suction side at high rotational speed (over operation limits )and the velocity vectors increases
gradually until reach maximum value at the leading edge (2.63×10 m/s) of the blade
Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Flow over a Rotating Circular Cylinder u...IJERA Editor
Recent advancements in the field of computational fluid mechanics and the availability of high performance with regard to rotating software computing cylinders (RCs) have drawn attention to the field of flow accelerated corrosion. (FAC). Current studies aim to numerically predict turbulent flow characteristics around the rotating cylinder and the concomitant effects on the wall shear stresses and local mass fraction of inhibitors that are directly related to corrosion rate. This 3-D numerical investigation was carried out using the commercial CFX package from which the where SST turbulence model was selected to compute the unknown Reynolds stresses term in the incompressible and viscid form of the Navier-Stokes equation. The effect of three different cylinder rotation speeds and three brine temperatures on the wall shear stress and on brine mixing is reported. Results of the simulations revealed that both cylinder rotation speed and the temperature of the brine significantly affect wall shear stress and mixing of the inhibitor that in turn affects corrosion rate
Since so many years a problem occurs in KSB Pump Va mbori for casting process i.e. cracks occurs in the castings & it is repeated one. Therefore the compan y has given opportunity to me to solve this problem . In case of steel casting there are mainly cracks & also blo w holes induced due to the casting procedure. There are many factors for the casting defects .The factor is unev en material feeding in casting & also due to the mo uld material & also the core material. These cracks finally brea k directly the component of the casting i.e. in cas e of pump the casting component is like Impeller,Volute casing & casing cover. At the time of feeding of steel material in to the casting the material is in liquid us form i.e. it i s hot material & this material is feeding into casting at the time o f feeding it develop different region of heat. At o ne side the temp is high &at other side the temp is low this also pr oduce cracks. To simulate that casting we use the M AGMA SOFTWARE for simulation & validate it using NDT.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DESIGN OF SIMPLE SPUR GEAR TRAIN AND HELICAL GEAR TRAI...ijiert bestjournal
In recent times,the gear design has become a highl y complicated and comprehensive subject. A designer of modern gear drive system must have to r emember that the main objective of gear drive is to transmit higher power with comparatively smaller overall dim ensions of the driving system which can be construc ted with minimum possible manufacturing cost,runs reas onably free of noise and vibration and which requir es little maintenance. In this paper single stage spur gear t rain and helical gear train with a idler gear are d esigned by American Gear Manufacturing Association (AGMA) stan dard. A idler gear is placed between two gearwheel to obtained the same direction of rotation. AGMA stres s equation is used to determined the tooth bending strength and surface contact strength. As a result,dimensio ns of gears are find out and comparative study is c arried out to select the optimum design of gear train for a give n input parameter
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL LEAF SPRING AND COMPOSITE LEAFijiert bestjournal
A leaf spring is a simple form of spring,commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles. It is also one of the oldest forms of spring. Sometimes referred to as a semielliptical l eaf spring (SELS) it takes the form of a slender ar c-shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross section. The centre of the arc p rovides location for the axle,while tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body. In the present work,a seven-leaf steel spring use d in passenger cars is replaced with a composite mu lti leaf spring made of glass/epoxy composites. The dimensions sand the num ber of leaves for both steel leaf spring and compos ite leaf springs are considered to be the same. The primary objective is to compare their load carrying capacity,stiffness and weight savings of composite leaf spring. Finally,fatigue life of steel and com posite leaf spring is also predicted using life dat a
Brimmed diffuser is collection�acceleration device which shrouds a wind turbine.For a given turbine di ameter,the power augmentation can be achieved by brimmed diffuser,p opularly known as wind lens. The present numerical investigation deals with the effect of low pressure region created by wind l ens and hence to analyze the strong vortices formed by a brim attached to the shroud diffuser at exit. Also in this analysis,a c omparative numerical prediction of mass flow rates through the wind turbine has been carried out with various types of wind lens wh ich in turn helps to optimize the torque augmentati on. It has been numerically proved that there is significant increase in the wa ke formation & vortex strength when brimming effect is added to a diffuser
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD OF MG-ALLOY ijiert bestjournal
The automobile engine connecting rod is a high volume production,critical component. It co nnects reciprocating piston to rotating crankshaft,transmitting the thrust of the piston to the crankshaft. Every vehicle that uses an internal combustion engine requires at least one connecting rod depending upon the number of cylinders in the engine. As the purp ose of the connecting rod is to transfer the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft. Connecting ro ds for automotive applications are typically manufactured by forging from either w rought steel or powdered metal. the material used f or this process is Mg-Alloy and also finite element analysis of connecting rod
REVIEW ON CRITICAL SPEED IMPROVEMENT IN SINGLE CYLINDER ENGINE VALVE TRAINijiert bestjournal
The purpose of valve train is to operate the inlet and outlet valves of the engine. The valve train m ainly consists of rocker arm,push rod,cam,poppet valve and spring for kee p the valves closed position. The Greaves G400WG en gine valve train is operated at the maximum speed of 3600 rpm. The main objective of this project is to improve the valve train speed up to safe speed limit that is up to 5000 rpm. The valve spring parameters are optimized based on space availability,stress limit,stiffness,buckl ing of pushrod and natural frequency of the system. The optimized valv e spring configuration is used in the push rod type valve train and the valve train dynamics for different engine speed is studie d using commercially available multi-body dynamic A DMAS software. A comparative valve train dynamics analysis is also c arried out with the existing and optimized valve sp ring combinations. It is observed that valve jump engine speed with respect to optimized valve spring is enhanced to considerab le amount when compared to the existing valve spring configuration. Design improvements include detail study on following topi cs:1. Valve Spring Stiffness. 2. Push rod buckling. 3. Valve closing Velocity. 4. Contact stress between cam and follower
ENERGY CONVERSION PHENOMENON IN IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER LIFTING BY USING PEND...ijiert bestjournal
This paper consist of working of reciprocating pump which is driven by a compound pendulum. It provide s the energy required to lift the water from a tank placed approximately several meter below the ground level. Basic application of the mechanism will be for watering the garden which will be operated by means of operation opening and closing of entrance gate. Paper consists of basic concept,design of pump and compound pendulum mecha nism and fabricationed model. The concept can also be implemented in the rural areas,having the problem of electric supply. We aim at making a prototype for providing some me an for pumping of water by the pump which requires less human efforts,conside ring cost effectiveness,easy to operate and portab le mechanism.
The IC engine has seen numerous revolutionary and e volutionary modifications in technology and design over the past few decades. The sole motto behind the modifications wa s to increase the overall efficiency of the IC Engi ne including volumetric and thermal efficiency. Recently few benchmarking techn ologies like the CRDI,MPFI,HCCI,etc. in the Otto cycle and Diesel cycle engines have created an enormous revolution in the automobile industry. In spite of these technologica l and design advances,the efficiencies are not being more than a particular l imit. However,the concept of split cycle engines has dra stically increased the overall performance in all respect. The split cycle concept basically separates the fou r strokes of the conventional cycle. The Scuderi engine one of the best-in-class engine desi gns based on the split cycle concept. The Scuderi engine works on the split cycle and gives higher efficiency than the previous split cycle engines resulting overall high perform ance. It also eliminates the problems faced by previous engines based on the spl it cycle in terms of breathing (volumetric efficien cy) and thermal efficiency. This paper throws light on the greater volumetric,thermal and overall efficiency key points related t o the Scuderi Engines.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN JOURNAL BEARING OPERAT...ijiert bestjournal
The excessive rise of temperature in the journal be aring operating at boundary/mixed lubrication regim es. Journal bearing test set- up is used to measure the temperature along the cir cumference of the bearing specimen for different lo ading conditions. Here in this journal bearing of l/d ratio 1,diameter of jo urnal is 60mm and the bearing length is 60mm,clear ance is .06mm has been designed and tested to access the temperature rise of the bearing. The result shows that as the load o n the bearing is increasing temperature also increasing. Temperature analysis o f journal bearing is also done by the Ansys workben ch software
STUDY OF SOLAR THERMAL CAVITY RECEIVER FOR PARABOLIC CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR ijiert bestjournal
Energy is one of the building blocks of the country . The growth of the country has been fueled by chea p,abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable ener gy which is available abundantly and collected unre servedly. The parabolic concentrator reflects the direct incident solar rad iation onto a receiver mounted above the dish at it s focal point. The conversion of concentrated solar radiation to heat takes place in receiver. The heat transfer characteristics of the receiver changes during the rotation of the receiver which affects thermal performance. The working temperature may also influence the ther mal performance and overall efficiency of the system. Thermal as well as optica l losses affect the performance of a solar paraboli c dish-cavity receiver system. The thermal losses of a solar cavity receiver include c onvective and radiative losses to the air in the ca vity and conductive heat loss through the insulation used behind the helical tube surface. Convective and radiative heat losses form the major constituents of the thermal losses. The convection heat loss from cavit y receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power sy stem can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFTijiert bestjournal
Crankshaft is a crucial component in an engine asse mbly. Crankshaft is consisting of two web sections and one crankpin,which converts the reciprocating displacement of the pist on to a rotary motion with a four link mechanism. G enerally crankshafts are manufactured using cast iron and forged steel mater ial. In this work to design and finite element anal ysis of crankshaft of 4 cylinder petrol engine of Maruti swift Vxi. of 1200 cubic capacity. The finite element analysis in ABA QUS software by using six materials based on their composition viz. Cast iron,EN30B,SAE4340,Structural steel,C70 Alloy steel and Aluminium based composite material reinforced with silicon carbide & fly ash. The parameter like von misses stress,deformation;maximum and minimum principal stress & strain were obtained from analysis software. The results of Finite element show that t he Aluminium based composite material is best mater ial among all. Compare the result like weight and Stiffness parameter. It is resulted of 65.539 % of weight,with reduction i n deformation.
ELECTRO CHEMICAL MACHINING AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING PROCESSES MICRO...ijiert bestjournal
Nowadays,necessity of small components is a common trend. These requirements encourage the researcher s to develop very minutest size components to fulfill the demand. The manufact uring of these type of components is a difficult ob ligation and for that various machining methods are develop to manufacture such c omponents. In this article the Electro Chemical mac hining and Electrical Discharge Machining is reviewed. We tried to summar ize the work of various researchers. The study show s that this type of machining processes gives good alternative.
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY USING NANOFLUID JET IMPINGEMENTijiert bestjournal
An experimental investigation was carried out for s tudying the heat transfer performance of the water-Al2O3 (28nm average particle size) nanofluid inside a liquid evacuated impinging jet system dest ined to the cooling of circular target surface. Results have shown that th e surface heat transfer coefficient increases consi derably when the mass flow rate is increased,but is relatively insensitive to the nozzle-to heated-surface distance. It was foun d that the use of a nanofluid can provide a heat transfer enhancement when compared t o water. Thus most practical applications of jet im pingement occur in industries where the heat transfer requirements hav e exceeded capacity of ordinary heating and cooling techniques. This work presents and discusses the results of an experiment al investigation of heat transfer between the horiz ontal smooth plate of impinged jets.
MODIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION IN STEEL SANDWICH PANELS USING ANSYS WORKBENCH ijiert bestjournal
The demand for bigger,faster and lighter moving ve hicles,such as ships,trains,trucks and buses has increased the importance of efficient str uctural arrangements. In principle two approaches exist to develop efficient structures:e ither application of new materials or the use of new structural design. A proven and well-establi shed solution is the use of composite materials and sandwich structures. In this way high strength to weight ratio and minimum weight can be obtained. The sandwich structures have potential to offer a w ide range of attractive design solutions. In addition to the obtained weight reduction,these so lutions can often bring space savings,fire resistance,noise control and improved heating and cooling performance. Laser-welded metallic sandwich panels offer a number of outstand ing properties allowing the designer to develop light and efficient structural configuratio ns for a large variety of applications. These panels have been under active investigations during the last 15 years in the world.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANEL BUMPER BEAM: A REVIEW ijiert bestjournal
Bumper is a energy absorbing protective element whi ch absorb the energy in front collision and protect valuable parts like radiator etc. Bumper is act like protect ive shield generally made of steel material. As eco nomic point of view and to reduce consumption of fuel manufacturin g of light weight vehicle is requirement of current situation. Application of composite material in automobile sec tor is now day common thing. Aluminum honeycomb san dwich panel is basically material from aerospace industri es and known for its high strength to weight ratio. Sandwich structure basically having its properties due to ge ometry. To determine various properties of sandwich structure conducting experiments is expensive,so generally F EA is used .However complex geometry is hurdle so t here are various theories are available for simplification o f model. These theories convert 3D model in to homo genous model .As far as concerning India manufacturing rate of s andwich structure is very less,so generally cost i s more. Greatest giant manufacturer is china we can observe their bu llet train and metro transport facility constructio n. Recently in march 2014 largest selling Indian cars are failed in NCap test in 100% frontal crash test. So requirement of more energy absorbing material with economy cons ideration is important.
Robotic welding requires specialized fixtures to ac curately hold the work piece during the welding operation. Despite the large variety of welding fix tures available today the focus has shifted in maki ng the welding arms more versatile,not the fixture. T he new fixture design reduces cycle time and operat or labor while increasing functionality;and allows co mplex welding operations to be completed on simple two axis welding arms
ADVANCED TRANSIENT THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF DISC BRAKE BY USING ANS...ijiert bestjournal
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON SEED OIL FOR MULT...ijiert bestjournal
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Magnetic abrasive finishing is a machining process where the tooling allowance is remove by media wi th both magnetic and abrasive properties,with a magnetic f ield acting as a binder of a grain. Such machining falls into the category of erosion by abrasive suspension and lend itself to the finishing of any type of surface . The possibility of finishing complex surfaces is a spec ial benefit of this machining. Magnetic abrasive fi nishing process is most suitable for obtaining quality fini sh on metallic and non-metallic surfaces. Magnetic abrasive finishing used for complicated product finishing & Roughness and tolerance band achieved that is diffi cult using conventional machine process. The product dimension al requirement easily possible with taking trial wi th MAF parameters.
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In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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PORT FLOW SIMULATION OF AN IC ENGINE
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PORT FLOW SIMULATION OF AN IC ENGINE
Himanth Kumar H Y,
PG Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru, India
Jayashankar N
Associate professor,
Mechanical department,
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru, India
ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the numerical analysis of 3d model which has inlet port diameter 46mm, valve
diameter 43mm and the length and diameter of the cylinder is 562mm and 93.65mm respectively
which is developed to study the effect of valve lift on the flow of fluid inside the cylinder. For
different valve lifts velocity will change inside the cylinder. Results of CFD simulation indicated that
valve lift affects velocity flow field inside the cylinder. It also proved that CFD is a convenient tool
for designing and optimizing the flow field in the engine.
KEYWORDS-Computational fluid dynamics; intake manifold; inlet port; Numerical simulation;
INTRODUCTION
The internal combustion engine usually consists of four cycles such as intake, compression,
expansion (including combustion) and exhaust. Out of these four processes intake and compression
strokes are most important as these strokes influences the pattern of air flow coming inside cylinder
during intake stroke and it generates the condition needed for the fuel injection during compression
stroke. For maximizing the air passing into the cylinder manifold design has to be optimized. Hence
design of intake manifold is more important in engine design. Experimental methods would cost time
and money to achieve this. Using CFD tool without undergoing any time consuming experiment
engine efficiency can be estimated.
Short discussions of the previous studies of authors are presented here. Chen et.al [1] gives result of
fluid flow through an IC engine inlet port both in experimental and computational mode. The port
was straight generic inlet port. They used CFD tool to analyze the velocity contours near port region.
They have used LDA and LSFV technique to analyze fluid flow. Both experimental and prediction
results shows that the valve lift that affect the flow Robert et.al [2] studied the two common motions
in an automobile engine they are tumble and swirl motion using visualization techniques. Benny et.al
[3] investigates the effect of helical, spiral manifold configuration on air motion in a diesel engine.
Using CFD tool flow patterns of these different manifold configurations are studied. The CFD results
of swirl velocity inside combustion chamber are compared with experimental results.
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Prasad.et.al [4] investigates the swirl air created due to injecting air into the manifold. To direct air
flow into the inlet manifold they have grooved the inlet manifold with helical groove to create
turbulence in the manifold. The tests are conducted by va
maintained constant.
The main objective of this proje
intake manifold, inlet port and valve
enhances the performance of the engine by improving combustion rate
II MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
2.1 The physical model and coordinate system
A 3D model of a inlet port and valve with cylinder is s
(Ver. 14.5).
Table 2.1 Dimension
Diameter of
Diameter of the valve
Diameter of the cylinder
Length of the
Valve lift
Fig 2.1 Theoretical model
MESHING
The model is created using ANSYS FLUENT
In-cylinder problems solved in Fluent consist of three stages
geometry into different zones and mesh them properly.
The second stage is to set up the engine case inside Fluent with the help of a setup journal.
The third stage is to perform a transient in
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 9, SEP.
sad.et.al [4] investigates the swirl air created due to injecting air into the manifold. To direct air
flow into the inlet manifold they have grooved the inlet manifold with helical groove to create
turbulence in the manifold. The tests are conducted by varying dimensions of groove and speed was
The main objective of this project is to analyze the velocity characteristics of fluid flow through the
intake manifold, inlet port and valve to get optimized swirl and tumble motion, so that one can
enhances the performance of the engine by improving combustion rate.
II MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
2.1 The physical model and coordinate system
inlet port and valve with cylinder is shown in fig is created in
Table 2.1 Dimensions of various parts of model as shown in Fig 2.1
inlet and outlet port 46 & 39.5 mm
iameter of the valve 43 mm
ameter of the cylinder 93.65 mm
Length of the cylinder 562 mm
Valve lift 10 mm
Theoretical model Geometry model created in fluent
model is created using ANSYS FLUENT software.
solved in Fluent consist of three stages. The first stage is to decompose the
geometry into different zones and mesh them properly.
The second stage is to set up the engine case inside Fluent with the help of a setup journal.
The third stage is to perform a transient in-cylinder simulation.
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sad.et.al [4] investigates the swirl air created due to injecting air into the manifold. To direct air
flow into the inlet manifold they have grooved the inlet manifold with helical groove to create
rying dimensions of groove and speed was
ct is to analyze the velocity characteristics of fluid flow through the
to get optimized swirl and tumble motion, so that one can
is created in ANSYS FLUENT
shown in Fig 2.1
& 39.5 mm
93.65 mm
562 mm
Geometry model created in fluent
first stage is to decompose the
The second stage is to set up the engine case inside Fluent with the help of a setup journal.
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First, the surface is meshed with triangular element. In order to resolve the turbulent boundary layer
on the solid surfaces, it is best to have growing prismatic cells from the Valve surfaces. Finally the
remaining region in the domain is filled with tetrahedral cells. No of elements is used for mesh
generation is 11 to 12 lakhs approximately.
The domain has been subdivided into growing boxes to make it easier to generate the grid. The choice
for the elements has been both tetrahedral and hexahedral mesh volumes.
Fig 3.1 Meshed model in FLUENT
GOVERNING EQUATIONS
There are mainly three equations we solve in computational fluid dynamics problem. They are
Continuity equation, Momentum equation (Navier Stokes equation) and Energy equation.
4.1.1 Continuity Equation
A continuity equation expresses a conservation law by “Equating a net flux over a surface with a loss
or gain of material within the surface”. Continuity equations often can be expressed in either integral
or differential form as shown below.
0=
∂
∂
+ ∫∫ cvcs
dA
t
dAV ρρ
This is a statement of the principle of mass conservation for a steady, one-dimensional flow, with one
inlet and one outlet.
( ) 0=
∂
∂
+∇
t
V
ρ
ρ
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Where,
^^^
k
z
j
y
i
x ∂
∂
+
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
=∇
∂ρ
∂t
+
∂(ρ. u)
∂x
+
∂(ρ. v)
∂y
+
∂(ρ. w)
∂z
= 0
4.1.2 Momentum (Navier Stokes) Equations
The momentum equation is a statement of Newton's Second Law and relates the sum of the forces
acting on an element of fluid to its acceleration or rate of change of momentum. The Newton’s
second law of motion F = ma forms the basis of the momentum equation.
ρ
∂u
∂t
+ ρu
∂u
∂x
+ ρv
∂u
∂y
+ ρw
∂u
∂z
= ρg୶ −
∂p
∂x
+ μ
∂ଶ
u
∂xଶ
+ μ
∂ଶ
u
∂yଶ
+ μ
∂ଶ
u
∂zଶ
ρ
∂v
∂t
+ ρu
∂v
∂x
+ ρv
∂v
∂y
+ ρw
∂v
∂z
= ρg୷ −
∂p
∂y
+ μ
∂ଶ
v
∂xଶ
+ μ
∂ଶ
v
∂yଶ
+ μ
∂ଶ
v
∂zଶ
ρ
∂w
∂t
+ ρu
∂w
∂x
+ ρv
∂w
∂y
+ ρw
∂w
∂z
= ρg −
∂p
∂z
+ μ
∂ଶ
w
∂xଶ
+ μ
∂ଶ
w
∂yଶ
+ μ
∂ଶ
w
∂zଶ
4.1.3 Energy Equation
This equation demonstrates that, per unit volume, the change in energy of the fluid moving through a
control volume is equal to the rate of heat transferred into the control volume plus the rate of work
done by surface forces plus the rate of work done by gravity
∂
∂t
൬ρe +
1
2
ρvଶ
൰ +
∂
∂x
൬ρue +
1
2
ρuvଶ
൰ +
∂
∂y
൬ρve +
1
2
ρvvଶ
൰ +
∂
∂z
൬ρwe +
1
2
ρwvଶ
൰ =
k ቆ
∂ଶ
T
∂xଶ
+
∂ଶ
T
∂yଶ
+
∂ଶ
T
∂xzଶቇ − ൬u
∂p
∂x
+ v
∂p
∂y
+ w
∂p
∂z
൰ +
μ ቈu
∂ଶ
u
∂xଶ
+
∂
∂x
൬v
∂v
∂x
+ w
∂w
∂x
൰ + v
∂ଶ
u
∂yଶ
+
∂
∂y
൬u
∂u
∂y
+ w
∂w
∂y
൰ + w
∂ଶ
u
∂zଶ
+
∂
∂z
൬u
∂u
∂z
+ v
∂v
∂z
൰
+2μ ቈ
∂ଶ
u
∂xଶ
+
∂u
∂y
∂v
∂x
+
∂ଶ
v
∂yଶ
+
∂v
∂z
∂w
∂y
+
∂ଶ
w
∂zଶ
+
∂w
∂x
∂u
∂z
+ ρug୶ + ρvg୷ + ρwg
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
In this simulation Pressure inlet boundary conditions are used to define the fluid pressure at flow
inlets, along with all other scalar properties of the flow. They are suitable for both incompressible and
compressible flow calculations. Pressure inlet boundary conditions can be used when the inlet
pressure is known but the flow rate and/or velocity is not known.
5. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
Figure.5.
VALIDATION
The problem is solved using ANSYS FLUENT
paper [1], it is found that it gives good agreement with the experimental results of research paper
as shown in following graphs.
Fig.6.1 Comparison of predicted and experimental results for valve lift 10mm performed in
Fig 6.2.1 Prediction of velocity in z=
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 9, SEP.
Figure.5. 1 Pressure inlet boundary conditions windows
oblem is solved using ANSYS FLUENT and the code is validated with the results of a
gives good agreement with the experimental results of research paper
as shown in following graphs.
Comparison of predicted and experimental results for valve lift 10mm performed in
previous study
1 Prediction of velocity in z=-15mm for valve lift 10mm in present study
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Pressure inlet boundary conditions windows
the code is validated with the results of a research
gives good agreement with the experimental results of research paper [1]
Comparison of predicted and experimental results for valve lift 10mm performed in
in present study
6. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
Fig.6.2.2 Prediction of velocity in z=
Fig.6.2.3 Prediction of velocity in z=
It may see from the figures results obtained from the FLUENT shows good agreement with previous
study except in the critical region of valve.
Animated results of FLUENT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
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Prediction of velocity in z=-30mm for valve lift 10mm in present study
Prediction of velocity in z=-45mm for valve lift 10mm in present study
from the figures results obtained from the FLUENT shows good agreement with previous
critical region of valve.
Animated results of FLUENT for 10mm valve lift obtained in present study
Velocity profile for 10mm valve lift
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in present study
in present study
from the figures results obtained from the FLUENT shows good agreement with previous
for 10mm valve lift obtained in present study
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Velocity profile for 10mm valve lift
Velocity streamline for 10mm valve lift
Turbulent kinetic energy profile for 10mm valve lift
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Pressure profile for 10mm valve lift
Velocity contour profile for 10mm valve lift
CONCLUSIONS
To make combustion to happen air flow inside intake port plays a vital role. To get good engine
efficiency with lower emission we need to study the flow inside the intake port, manifold through the
valve. In this thesis we understand the flow characteristics through port inside the engine with the
help of CFD tool FLUENT.
CFD helps to understand the flow field inside the cylinder and also gives depth knowledge of flow in
graphical mode where measurements are not easy to make.
1. Three-dimensional modeling of intake manifold, port and valve are key factors to predict the velocity
contours inside the engine cylinder. From this thesis we can conclude that valve lift affect the flow
except region near the port bend upstream.
2. As the valve lift increases flow separation becomes critical because as valve lift increases losses near
the valve increases.
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3. The results obtained from prediction shows good agreement with the experimental results except
some critical region near the valve.
REFERENCES
1. Chen, A., Lee, K.C., Yianneskis, M., and Ganti, G., Velocity Charac- teristics of Steady Flow
Through a Straight Generic Inlet Port, Interna- tional Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids,
21:571,590, 1995
2. Robert S. Laramee , Daniel Weiskopf , Jürgen Schneider , Avl Graz , Helwig Hauser, Investigating
Swirl and Tumble Flow with a Comparison of Visualization Techniques, In Proceedings IEEE
Visualization, 2004.
3. S. L. V. Prasad, V. Pandurangadu, V. V. Prathibha bharathi and V. V. Naga deepthi, Experimental
study of the effect of air swirl in Intake manifold on diesel engine performance
4. N.Kumar.et.al "Studies on variable swirl intake system for DI diesel engine using CFD", ISSN 0973-
4562 volume 2, number 3 (2007)
5. Soonseong Hong, Byungkeunoh and Yongtae Kim, "Optimization of intake manifold design using
design for six sigma, SAE, 2007-01-3534
6. Mike Dong, Grant Chen, Min Xu and Chao Daniels, “P