This paper addresses the optimization of twostage closure law of guide vanes in an operational
hydropower plant of Nepal. The mathematical model
has been established in commercial software Bentley
Hammer, whose correctness has been validated by
comparing the results with the data of experimental
load rejection test. The validated mathematical model
has been employed to find the parameters of optimum
closure pattern, which minimizes the non-linear
objective function of maximum water pressure and
maximum rotational speed of turbine.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Ijmet 08 02_029NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CENTRIFUGAL ...IAEME Publication
An attempt is made in the present study to investigate the superior turbulence model for
simulating three dimensional flows in centrifugal compressor. The strong channelled curvature and
intensive rotations prevalent in centrifugal compressor resulting high swirling and secondary flow
nictitates choosing appropriate turbulence model for accurate performance predictions. The
various turbulence models offered in FLUENT viz Spalart Allmaras (curvature correction),
Transition SST (curvature correction), Scaled Adaptive Simulations (Curvature correction with
compressibility effect), Reynolds stress model (compressibility effect) were investigated presently
for Eckardt Impeller. Reynolds stress model though involves higher computational time was found
to be the superior model. It is essential to investigate the onset of surge and choke for completely
understanding the performance of a centrifugal compressor. Choking phenomena was observed
when the speed reached 16000 rpm with relative Mach number reaching unity in the impeller
region. The maximum flow rate at 16000 rpm was 0.4 kg/s per blade and remained constant then
16500 rpm. Surging was founded to initiate when the back pressure has to reach 1.8 bar resulting
in zero discharge
This paper presents the further developments and working principle of the speed-variable switched differential pump (SvSDP) concept proposed, designed and produced in [1]. The SvSDP system is designed to remove the throttling losses associated with typical valve driven control (VDC) systems. The hydraulic and mechanical system is modelled and linearised. The linearisation point is studied to provide an usable basis for controller design. It is proposed, in this paper, to model the converter and motor using a black box approach, where designed and informative input sequences are used to estimate the mathematical behaviour of the electrical drive based on the equivalent output data. The complete non linear model is verified against available trajectory data from the physical system, obtained from [1]. The linear model is analysed through a relative gain array (RGA) analysis to map the input output couplings present in the system. The results show that the system includes heavy cross-couplings. Results presented in [1] indicate, that it is possible to utilise a input output compensated decoupling to redefine the MIMO system into multiple SISO systems. The SvSDP concept is over-determined in relation to the amount of control inputs compared to possible outputs.
It is proposed in [1] to introduce two new input states and two new output states. The decoupling approach has been investigated in this paper. The decoupling results provided a basis of using decentralised control. The linear control strategies are designed independently based on the notion of decoupling. The first controller is related to the level flow, designed to maintain a desired minimum pressure level. The second load flow controller is related to the cylinder motion. The controller results indicate, that it is possible to achieve a good dynamic tracking performance with an error of maximum 0.5 mm for a given position trajectory.
This paper is also considering the energy consumption issues stated in [1], where two conceptual solutions are proposed, to solve the power loss associated with holding a load at a constant cylinder position. This paper is written as the product of an appendix report describing the whole project.
Cfd Studies of Two Stroke Petrol Engine ScavengingIJERA Editor
This project deals with the numerical analysis of 2 stroke engine scavenging in two cases. One with an existing condition (Flat headed pistons) and another with a new design (Dome headed piston) .The numerical analysis is done with help of CFD software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5. Here, the modeling of engine piston with flat headed type and with dome headed types was done in workbench. In ANSYS FLUENT after the geometrical design, for the dynamic motion meshing is used and set up species transport model also. At first the scavenging effect of flat headed piston is analyzed. Later the simulation of piston with dome headed type was also checked. Analyzing the variations from each and selected the best method for scavenging. Finally the scavenging efficiency is calculated for both type arrangements.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Ijmet 08 02_029NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CENTRIFUGAL ...IAEME Publication
An attempt is made in the present study to investigate the superior turbulence model for
simulating three dimensional flows in centrifugal compressor. The strong channelled curvature and
intensive rotations prevalent in centrifugal compressor resulting high swirling and secondary flow
nictitates choosing appropriate turbulence model for accurate performance predictions. The
various turbulence models offered in FLUENT viz Spalart Allmaras (curvature correction),
Transition SST (curvature correction), Scaled Adaptive Simulations (Curvature correction with
compressibility effect), Reynolds stress model (compressibility effect) were investigated presently
for Eckardt Impeller. Reynolds stress model though involves higher computational time was found
to be the superior model. It is essential to investigate the onset of surge and choke for completely
understanding the performance of a centrifugal compressor. Choking phenomena was observed
when the speed reached 16000 rpm with relative Mach number reaching unity in the impeller
region. The maximum flow rate at 16000 rpm was 0.4 kg/s per blade and remained constant then
16500 rpm. Surging was founded to initiate when the back pressure has to reach 1.8 bar resulting
in zero discharge
This paper presents the further developments and working principle of the speed-variable switched differential pump (SvSDP) concept proposed, designed and produced in [1]. The SvSDP system is designed to remove the throttling losses associated with typical valve driven control (VDC) systems. The hydraulic and mechanical system is modelled and linearised. The linearisation point is studied to provide an usable basis for controller design. It is proposed, in this paper, to model the converter and motor using a black box approach, where designed and informative input sequences are used to estimate the mathematical behaviour of the electrical drive based on the equivalent output data. The complete non linear model is verified against available trajectory data from the physical system, obtained from [1]. The linear model is analysed through a relative gain array (RGA) analysis to map the input output couplings present in the system. The results show that the system includes heavy cross-couplings. Results presented in [1] indicate, that it is possible to utilise a input output compensated decoupling to redefine the MIMO system into multiple SISO systems. The SvSDP concept is over-determined in relation to the amount of control inputs compared to possible outputs.
It is proposed in [1] to introduce two new input states and two new output states. The decoupling approach has been investigated in this paper. The decoupling results provided a basis of using decentralised control. The linear control strategies are designed independently based on the notion of decoupling. The first controller is related to the level flow, designed to maintain a desired minimum pressure level. The second load flow controller is related to the cylinder motion. The controller results indicate, that it is possible to achieve a good dynamic tracking performance with an error of maximum 0.5 mm for a given position trajectory.
This paper is also considering the energy consumption issues stated in [1], where two conceptual solutions are proposed, to solve the power loss associated with holding a load at a constant cylinder position. This paper is written as the product of an appendix report describing the whole project.
Cfd Studies of Two Stroke Petrol Engine ScavengingIJERA Editor
This project deals with the numerical analysis of 2 stroke engine scavenging in two cases. One with an existing condition (Flat headed pistons) and another with a new design (Dome headed piston) .The numerical analysis is done with help of CFD software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5. Here, the modeling of engine piston with flat headed type and with dome headed types was done in workbench. In ANSYS FLUENT after the geometrical design, for the dynamic motion meshing is used and set up species transport model also. At first the scavenging effect of flat headed piston is analyzed. Later the simulation of piston with dome headed type was also checked. Analyzing the variations from each and selected the best method for scavenging. Finally the scavenging efficiency is calculated for both type arrangements.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Combustion and Mixing Analysis of a Scramjet Combustor Using CFDijsrd.com
The present study is to determine flow field in the three-dimensional scramjet engine combustor with coupled implicit NS equations, the standard k-ε turbulence model are used and the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation reaction model has to be applied to simulate numerically for the flow field of the hydrogen, diesel and methane fueled scramjet combustor with a planer strut flame holder under two different working conditions, the working condition include the cold flow and engine ignition. ANSYS Fluent software is used to solve the analysis, with hot and cold inlet velocities, the mach number for air and fluids are 2 and 1 respectively, inflow fluids are varied as hydrogen, diesel and methane. Due to combustion the recirculation region behind the wedge becomes larger as compared to mixing case and it acts as a flame holder for the methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2) and diesel (C10H22) diffusion. It is also evident from the simulation studies; the combustion affects the flow field significantly. The leading edge shock reflected off the upper and lower combustor walls facilitates on setting of combustion when it hits the wake in a region where large portions of the injected fuel have been mixed up with the air. The pressure, velocity and temperature distributions along the geometry are estimated and discussed.
Study and Development of an Energy Saving Mechanical SystemIDES Editor
A new energy-saving mechanical system with
automatically controlled air valves has been proposed by
investigator and the preliminary model setup has been tested.
The testing results indicated the proper function of this
energy-saving mechanical system. This mechanical system
model has been simulated and analyzed by the computational
aided engineering solution. The major advantages of this
mechanical system include: simple and compact in design,
higher efficiency in mechanical functioning, quiet in
manufacturing operation, less energy losses due to less
frictional forces in this free piston-cylinder setup, selfadjustable
in operational parameter to improve the system
performance, and etc.
Sensitivity of Transient Phenomena Analysis of the Francis Turbine Power PlantsIJERA Editor
The accurate definition of the transient phenomena of the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) and its units, taking
into account various aspects of operation is an essential requirement for design, performances and control of
HPPs. Numerical analysis of transient phenomena, such as increase of the rotational speed (runaway) of the
units, increase of the pressure (turbine inlet head) in the hydraulic system (water hammer) and water level
oscillation in the surge tank is presented. The results of transient phenomena analyses are relied upon for very
costly engineering decisions. Because of this, it is important that the researcher understands the effect unknown
modeling parameters on the result of transient analysis. Usually, different researchers may choose alternate
values for an unknown modeling parameter and this can have significant effects on the results. The main aim in
this paper is to investigate of the sensitivity of transient phenomena analysis with variation in modeling
parameters such as pipeline friction factor, wave speed, turbine guide vanes closing law, surge tank throttling
coefficient and generator inertia.
Fluid dynamics, actually is the study of fluid under motion, governed with a certain set of conservation equations, wherein things are conserved, with reference to mass, momentum & energy.
If these three quantities i.e. mass, momentum & energy are solved entirely we can define any fluid flow. The conservation laws are formulated in the form of equations which we try to solve and that’s what simulation is all about. For my blogs kindly visit: https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Combustion and Mixing Analysis of a Scramjet Combustor Using CFDijsrd.com
The present study is to determine flow field in the three-dimensional scramjet engine combustor with coupled implicit NS equations, the standard k-ε turbulence model are used and the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation reaction model has to be applied to simulate numerically for the flow field of the hydrogen, diesel and methane fueled scramjet combustor with a planer strut flame holder under two different working conditions, the working condition include the cold flow and engine ignition. ANSYS Fluent software is used to solve the analysis, with hot and cold inlet velocities, the mach number for air and fluids are 2 and 1 respectively, inflow fluids are varied as hydrogen, diesel and methane. Due to combustion the recirculation region behind the wedge becomes larger as compared to mixing case and it acts as a flame holder for the methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2) and diesel (C10H22) diffusion. It is also evident from the simulation studies; the combustion affects the flow field significantly. The leading edge shock reflected off the upper and lower combustor walls facilitates on setting of combustion when it hits the wake in a region where large portions of the injected fuel have been mixed up with the air. The pressure, velocity and temperature distributions along the geometry are estimated and discussed.
Study and Development of an Energy Saving Mechanical SystemIDES Editor
A new energy-saving mechanical system with
automatically controlled air valves has been proposed by
investigator and the preliminary model setup has been tested.
The testing results indicated the proper function of this
energy-saving mechanical system. This mechanical system
model has been simulated and analyzed by the computational
aided engineering solution. The major advantages of this
mechanical system include: simple and compact in design,
higher efficiency in mechanical functioning, quiet in
manufacturing operation, less energy losses due to less
frictional forces in this free piston-cylinder setup, selfadjustable
in operational parameter to improve the system
performance, and etc.
Sensitivity of Transient Phenomena Analysis of the Francis Turbine Power PlantsIJERA Editor
The accurate definition of the transient phenomena of the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) and its units, taking
into account various aspects of operation is an essential requirement for design, performances and control of
HPPs. Numerical analysis of transient phenomena, such as increase of the rotational speed (runaway) of the
units, increase of the pressure (turbine inlet head) in the hydraulic system (water hammer) and water level
oscillation in the surge tank is presented. The results of transient phenomena analyses are relied upon for very
costly engineering decisions. Because of this, it is important that the researcher understands the effect unknown
modeling parameters on the result of transient analysis. Usually, different researchers may choose alternate
values for an unknown modeling parameter and this can have significant effects on the results. The main aim in
this paper is to investigate of the sensitivity of transient phenomena analysis with variation in modeling
parameters such as pipeline friction factor, wave speed, turbine guide vanes closing law, surge tank throttling
coefficient and generator inertia.
Fluid dynamics, actually is the study of fluid under motion, governed with a certain set of conservation equations, wherein things are conserved, with reference to mass, momentum & energy.
If these three quantities i.e. mass, momentum & energy are solved entirely we can define any fluid flow. The conservation laws are formulated in the form of equations which we try to solve and that’s what simulation is all about. For my blogs kindly visit: https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
Butterfly valves are widely used in hydro power plants to regulate and control the flow
through hydraulic turbines. That’s why it is important to design the valve in such a way that it can give
best performance so that optimum efficiency can be achieved in hydraulic power plants. Conventionally
that the models of large size valves are straight in the laboratory to determine their performance
characteristics. This is a time consuming and costly process. High computing facility along with the use
of numerical techniques can give the solution to any fluid flow problem in a lesser time. In this research
work flow analysis through butterfly valve with aspect ratio 1/3 has been performed using
computational software. For modelling the valve ICEM CFD 12 has been used. Valve characteristics
such as flow coefficient and head loss coefficient has been determined using CFX 12 for different valve
opening angle as 30°,60°,75°, and 90° (taking 90°as full opening of the valve) for incompressible fluid.
Value of head loss coefficient obtained from numerical analysis has been compared with the
experimental results.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This paper deals with the numerical analysis of 3d model which has inlet port diameter 46mm,valve diameter 43mm and the length and diameter of the cy linder is 562mm and 93.65mm respectively which is developed to study the effect of valve lif t on the flow of fluid inside the cylinder. For different valve lifts velocity will change inside t he cylinder. Results of CFD simulation indicated th at valve lift affects velocity flow field inside the c ylinder. It also proved that CFD is a convenient to ol for designing and optimizing the flow field in the engine.
The main objective of this paper is to continue the development of activities of basic and applied research related to wind energy and to develop methods of optimal control to improve the performance and production of electrical energy from wind. A new control technique of Double fed induction generator for wind turbine is undertaken through a robust approach tagged nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC) with exponential reaching law control (ERL). The SMC with ERL proves to be capable of reducing the system chattering phenomenon as well as accelerating the approaching process. A nonlinear case numerical simulation test is employed to verify the superior performance of the ERL method over traditional power rate reaching strategy. Results obtained in Matlab/Simulink environment show that the SMC with ERL is more robust, prove excellent performance for the control unit by improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.
NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORIAEME Publication
An attempt is made in the present study to investigate the superior turbulence model forsimulating three dimensional flows in centrifugal compressor. The strong channelled curvature andintensive rotations prevalent in centrifugal compressor resulting high swirling and secondary flownictitates choosing appropriate turbulence model for accurate performance predictions. Thevarious turbulence models offered in FLUENT viz Spalart Allmaras (curvature correction),Transition SST (curvature correction), Scaled Adaptive Simulations (Curvature correction withcompressibility effect), Reynolds stress model (compressibility effect) were investigated presentlyfor Eckardt Impeller. Reynolds stress model though involveshigher computational time was found
to be the superior model. It is essential to investigate the onset of surge and choke for completelyunderstanding the performance of a centrifugal compressor. Choking phenomena was observedwhen the speed reached 16000 rpm with relative Mach number reaching unity in the impellerregion. The maximum flow rate at 16000 rpm was 0.4 kg/s per blade and remained constant then16500 rpm. Surging was founded to initiate when the back pressure has to reach 1.8 bar resultingin zero discharge
The need for high pump performance and efficiency continue to encourage the study of flow between two parallel co-rotating discs in multiple discs pump or turbine. Therefore, this study entails the design, construction and CFD simulation of a 3D Tesla pump model axisymmetric swirling flow in order to enhance the understanding of Tesla pump for future development.
Method of solution entails designing and construction of a small prototype tesla pump and then using the design geometry and parameters to design and perform numerical simulation. The results of the numerical simulation were then analyzed.
The result obtained indicates static pressure to have minimum value of -4.7791Pa at the outlet and 13.777Pa at the pump inlet and with velocity magnitude having minimum velocity of 0.00m/s and maximum velocity of 4.12m/s. The strength of the velocity was seen to be very high at the pump outlet. The analysis radial velocity showed minimum value of -0.508m/s and maximum value of 3.981m/s with the radial velocity vector being concentrated at the discs periphery and outlet.
Model simulation results exhibited smooth pressure and velocity profiles. With the 3D simulation all flow variables are able to be predicted.
The need for high pump performance and efficiency continue to encourage the study of flow between two parallel co-rotating discs in multiple discs pump or turbine. Therefore, this study entails the design, construction and CFD simulation of a 3D Tesla pump model axisymmetric swirling flow in order to enhance the understanding of Tesla pump for future development.
Method of solution entails designing and construction of a small prototype tesla pump and then using the design geometry and parameters to design and perform numerical simulation. The results of the numerical simulation were then analyzed.
The result obtained indicates static pressure to have minimum value of -4.7791Pa at the outlet and 13.777Pa at the pump inlet and with velocity magnitude having minimum velocity of 0.00m/s and maximum velocity of 4.12m/s. The strength of the velocity was seen to be very high at the pump outlet. The analysis radial velocity showed minimum value of -0.508m/s and maximum value of 3.981m/s with the radial velocity vector being concentrated at the discs periphery and outlet.
Model simulation results exhibited smooth pressure and velocity profiles. With the 3D simulation all flow variables are able to be predicted.
Numerical Calculation of Solid-Liquid two-Phase Flow Inside a Small Sewage Pumptheijes
Based on a mixture multiphase flow model,theRNG k–εturbulencemodelandfrozen rotor method were used to perform a numerical simulation of steady flow in the internal flow field of a sewage pump that transports solid and liquid phase flows. Resultsof the study indicate that the degree of wear on the front and the back of the blade suction surface from different densities of solid particles shows a completely opposite influencing trend. With the increase of delivered solid-phase density, the isobaric equilibrium position moves to the leading edge point of the blade, but the solid-phase isoconcentration point on the blade pressure surface and suction surface basically remains unchanged. The difference between hydraulic lift and water lift indelivering solid- and liquid-phase flows shows a rising trend with the increase of working flow
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Similar to Optimization of Closure Law of Guide Vanes for an Operational Hydropower Plant of Nepal (20)
Total Ionization Cross Sections due to Electron Impact of Ammonia from Thresh...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the present paper, we have employed modified Khare-BEB method [Atoms, (2019)] to evaluate total ionization cross sections by the electron impact for ammonia in energy range from the ionization threshold to 10 MeV. The theoretical ionization cross sections have been compared to the available previous theoretical and experimental results. The collision parameters dipole matrix squared M_j^2 and CRP also have been calculated. The present calculations were found in remarkable agreement with the available experimental results.
A Case Study on Small Town Big Player – Enjay IT Solutions Ltd., BhiladDr. Amarjeet Singh
Adequately trained Manpower is a problem that affects the IT industry as a whole, but it is particularly acute for Enjay IT Solution. Enjay's location in a semi-urban or rural area makes it even more difficult to find a talented employee with the right skills. As the competition for skilled workers grows, it becomes more difficult to attract and keep those workers who have the requisite training and experience.
Effect of Biopesticide from the Stems of Gossypium Arboreum on Pink Bollworm ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Pink bollworm and Lepidoptera development quickly in numbers which is a typical animal group that produces around 100 youthful ones inside certain days or weeks. This assault influences the harvests broadly in the tropical and sub-tropical temperature areas. Thus, to keep up with the yield of harvests the vermin ought to be kept away by utilizing pesticides. The unnecessary measure of the purpose of pesticides influences the dirt, land, and as well as human well-being, and contaminates the climate. Thus, an ozone-accommodating biopesticide is extracted from the stems of the Gossypium arboreum. Thus, the extraction of biopesticide from the stems of Gossypium arboreum demonstrated that the quantity of pink bollworm and Lepidoptera is diminished step by step in the wake of showering the arrangement on the impacted region of the plant because of the presence of the gossypol.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: The Possibility of Exploiti...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
E-Commerce has transformed business as we know over the past few decades. The rapid increasing use of the Internet and the strong purchasing power in Saudi Arabia have had a strong impact on the evolution of E-Commerce in the country. Saudi Arabia is yet another country that will release artificial intelligence power to fuel its growth in the economic world. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) applications that can facilitate e-commerce processes have been widely used. The impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) concepts and techniques on the efficiency of e-commerce, particularly has been overlooked by many prior studies. In this paper, a literature review was conducted to explore and investigate possible applications of AI in E-Commerce that can help Saudi Arabian businesses.
Factors Influencing Ownership Pattern and its Impact on Corporate Performance...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This study on factors influencing Ownership pattern and its impact on corporate performance has used five industries data viz Automobile industry, IT industry, Banking industry, Oil & Gas industry and pharmaceutical industry for five years from 2017 to 2021. First the factors influencing ownership pattern was identified and later its impact on corporate performance was analysed. Multiple Regression, ANOVA and Correlation was used in SPSS 28. Percentage of independent directors on the board and size of the company has significant impact on Indian Promotor holding and non-institutional ownership has significant impact on corporate performance.
An Analytical Study on Ratios Influencing Profitability of Selected Indian Au...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Every country with a well-developed transportation network has a well-developed economy. The automobile industry is a critical engine of the nation's economic development. The automobile industry has significant backward and forward links with every area of the economy, as well as a strong and progressive multiplier impact. The automotive industry and the auto component industry are both included in the vehicle industry. It includes passenger waggons, light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, three-wheelers, military vehicles, motorcycles, tractors, and auto-components such as engine parts, batteries, drive transmission parts, electrical, suspension and chassis parts, and body and other parts. In the last several years, India's automobile sector has seen incredible growth in sales, production, innovation, and exports. India's car industry has emerged as one of the best in the world, and the auto-ancillary sector is poised to assist the vehicle sector's expansion. Vehicle manufacturers and auto-parts manufacturers account for a significant component of global motorised manufacturing. Vehicle manufacturers from across the world are keeping a close eye on the Indian auto sector in order to assess future demand and establish India as a global manufacturing base. The current research focuses on three automotive behemoths: TATA Motors, MRF, and Mahindra & Mahindra.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Financial Performance Analysis Selected Pr...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The growth of a country's banking sector has a significant impact on its economic development. The banking sector plays a critical role in determining a country's economic future. A well-planned, structured, efficient, and viable banking system is an essential component of an economy's economic and social infrastructure. In modern society, a strong banking system is required because it meets the financial needs of the modern society. In a country's economy, the banking system plays a crucial role. Because it connects surplus and deficit economic agents, the bank is the most important financial intermediary in the economy. The banking system is regarded as the economy's lifeline. It meets the financial needs of commerce, industry, and agriculture. As a result, the country's development and the banking system are intertwined. They are critical in the mobilisation of savings and the distribution of credit to various sectors of the economy. India's private sector banks play a critical role in the country's economic development. So The financial performance of private sector banks must be evaluated carefully.
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Performance of Selected Oil Exploration an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
After the United States, China, and Japan, India was the world's fourth biggest consumer of oil and petroleum products. The nation is significantly reliant on crude oil imports, the majority of which come from the Middle East. The Indian oil and gas business is one of the country's six main sectors, with important forward links to the rest of the economy. More than two-thirds of the country's overall primary energy demands are met by the oil and gas industry. The industry has played a key role in placing India on the global map. India is now the world's sixth biggest crude oil user and ninth largest crude oil importer. In addition, the country's portion of the worldwide refining market is growing. India's refining industry is now the world's sixth biggest. With plans for Reliance Petroleum Limited to commission another refinery with a capacity of 29 MTPA next 16 to its 33 MTPA refinery in Jamnagar, Gujarat, this position is projected to be enhanced. As a consequence, the Reliance refinery would be the biggest single-site refinery in the world. Based on secondary data gathered from CMIE, the current research examines the ratios influencing the profitability of selected oil exploration and production businesses in India during a 10-year period.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
Theoretical Estimation of CO2 Compression and Transport Costs for an hypothet...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
SEI S.p.a. presented a project to build a 1320 MW coal-fired power plant in Saline Joniche, on the Southern tip of Calabria Region, Italy, in 2008. A gross early evaluation about the possibility to add CCS (CO2 Capture & Storage) was performed too. The project generated widespread opposition among environmental associations, citizens and local institutions in that period, against the coal use to produce energy, as a consequence of its GHG clima-alterating impact. Moreover the CCS (also named Carbon Capture & Storage or more recently CCUS: Carbon Capture-Usage-Storage) technology was at that time still an unknown and “mysterious” solution for the GHG avoiding to the atmosphere. The present study concerns the sizing of the compression and transportation system of the CCS section, included in the project presented at the time by SEI Spa; the sizing of the compression station and the pipeline connecting the plant to the possible Fosca01 offshore injection site previously studied as a possible storage solution, as part of a coarse screening of CO2 storage sites in the Calabria Region. This study takes into account the costs of construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) of both the compression plant and the sound pipeline, considering the gross static storage capacity of the Fosca01 reservoir as a whole as previously evaluated.
Analytical Mechanics of Magnetic Particles Suspended in Magnetorheological FluidDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, the behavior of MR particles has been systematically investigated within the scope of analytical mechanics. . A magnetorheological fluid belongs to a class of smart materials. In magnetorheological fluids, the motion of magnetic particles is controlled by the action of internal and external forces. This paper presents analytical mechanics for the interaction of system of particles in MR fluid. In this paper, basic principles of Analytical Mechanics are utilized for the construction of equations.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Solid Food Wastes into Bio-ManureDr. Amarjeet Singh
Solid waste is health hazard and cause damage to the environment due to improper handling. Solid waste comprises of Industrial Waste (IW), Hazardous Waste (HW), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Electronic waste (E-waste), Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) which depend on their supply & characteristics. Food waste or Bio-waste composting and its role in sustainable development is explained in food waste is a growing area of concern with many costs to our community in terms of waste collection, disposal and greenhouse gases. When rotting food ends up in landfill it turns into methane, a greenhouse gas that is particularly damaging to the environment. Composting is biochemical process in which organic materials are biologically degraded, resulting in the production of organic by products and energy in the form of heat. Heat is trapped within the composting mass, leading to the phenomenon of self-heating. This overall process provide us Bio-Manure.
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The purpose of this study is to examine investors’ perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor’s perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.
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The Catanduanes State University students understood some disaster-related concepts and ideas, but uncertain on issues on preparedness, adaptation, and awareness on the risks inflicted by these natural hazards. Low perception on disaster risks are evidently observed among students. The responses of the students could be based on the efficiency and impact of the integration of DRR education in the senior high school curriculum. Specifically, integration of the concepts about the hazards, hazard maps, disaster preparedness, awareness, mitigation, prevention, adaptation, and resiliency in the science curriculum possibly affect the knowledge and understanding of students on DRR. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM.
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The 1857 war was a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The battle has sparked academic debate among historians and sociologists all around the world. Despite the fact that it has been more than 150 years, this battle continues to pique the interest of historians. The war's causes and events that occurred throughout the conflict, persons who backed the British and anti-British fighters, and the results and ramifications, are all aspects of this conflict. In terms of outcomes, many academics believe that the war was a failure for those who started it. It is often assumed that the Indians who battled the British in this conflict were unable to achieve their goals. Many gains accrued to Indians as a result of the conflict, but these achievements are overshadowed by the dispute over the war's failure. This research effort focuses on the war's achievements for India, and the significance of those achievements.
Haryana's Honour Killings: A Social and Legal Point of ViewDr. Amarjeet Singh
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It is a known fact that a large number of Steel Industry Expansion projects in India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems pertaining to land acquisition. Also, there are challenges in the tendering phase that affect viability of projects thus delaying implementation, construction phase is beset with over-runs and disputes and last but not the least; provider skills are weak all across the value chain. Given the critical role of Steel Sector in ensuring a sustained growth trajectory for India, it is imperative that we identify the core issues affecting completion of infrastructure projects in India and chalk out initiatives that need to be acted upon in short term as well as long term.
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Secondary sources such as reports, journals, papers, and websites were used to compile all the data. Current and relevant information were utilised to help understand the research goals. All the information is rationally organised to fulfil the objectives. The current research focuses on recommendations for enhancing India's Blockchain ecosystem so that it may become one of the best in the world at utilising this new technology.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
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Optimization of Closure Law of Guide Vanes for an Operational Hydropower Plant of Nepal
1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.12
73 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Optimization of Closure Law of Guide Vanes for an Operational
Hydropower Plant of Nepal
Saroj Chalise1
and Dr. Laxman Poudel2
1
Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus, NEPAL
2
Professor, Department of Mechanical engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus, NEPAL
1
Corresponding Author: chalisesaroj639@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This paper addresses the optimization of two-
stage closure law of guide vanes in an operational
hydropower plant of Nepal. The mathematical model
has been established in commercial software Bentley
Hammer, whose correctness has been validated by
comparing the results with the data of experimental
load rejection test. The validated mathematical model
has been employed to find the parameters of optimum
closure pattern, which minimizes the non-linear
objective function of maximum water pressure and
maximum rotational speed of turbine.
Keywords— Guide Vanes, Closure Law, Optimization,
Non-Linear Objective Function, Hydropower
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
In an operating hydropower plant, load rejection
occurs in any of the cases, whenever the power generated
by it is unable to be evacuated to the national grid. The
rotational speed of the turbine rises soon after the load
rejection [4]; hence, the guide vanes of a Francis turbine
should be closed fast enough to prevent the rotating
components from excessive rotational speed. However, the
sudden closure of the guide vanes creates the hydraulic
transient condition in the waterway network located
upstream and downstream of the turbine [2]. During
transient condition, water pressure fluctuates from
maximum to minimum value in the entire water conduit,
which if not designed carefully, can pose the risk of either
bursting due to extremely high pressure or the cavitation
due to extremely low pressure in the different sections of
the pipe [2].
Various strategies can be implemented to the
hydropower project to ensure the safe operation from the
perspective of controlled values of pressure and rotational
speed. This includes installation of surge chamber,
installation of pressure relief valves, selection of penstock
pipe having low Young’s Modulus of Elasticity (E),
addition of flywheel weight to increase the moment of
inertia (GD2
) of the rotating components and so on[1, 4,6].
However, compared to these options, variation of the
closure law of guide vane is the most economical option,
since the closure law can be modified from the governor
without the installation any new equipment in the system
[4, 5, 9].
The closure law of guide vane can be linear,
curved or the broken line with various stages. Considering
the reliability in operation, the curved closure law is rarely
used and the broken line closure patterns usually have less
than three stages and hence, the two-stage closure law is the
most preferred closure pattern for the designer [4].
Currently, there has been plenty of research on the
effect of the closure law of guide vane and its optimization.
Sheng et al. [4] studied the effect of the individual variation
of different parameters of two-stage closure parameter on
the maximum pressure and rotational speed. Zhao et al. [10]
used the linear objective function to harmonize the
contradiction of maximum pressure and maximum speed
for a two-stage closure pattern. They also found that for a
medium head hydropower plant, “slow after fast” is better
option to control the pressure and speed rises, compared to
“fast after slow” in a two-stage closure pattern. Li et al. [9]
proposed an asynchronous closure of the different wicket
gates to control the maximum pressure at the spiral casing.
Zhou et al. [11] used simulated annealing algorithm to find
the optimum parameters of closure pattern. The research on
optimization of closure law and the effect of closure law on
the various target parameters (Maximum pressure,
minimum pressure and Maximum rotational speed) are
abundant. However, very limited research has focused on
the objective function of the optimization. The traditional
linear objective function can ensure the target parameters
within the permitted scope [9].However, unlike non-linear
objective function; it does not guarantee the better
distribution of the safety margin of each target [5]. Hence,
this paper focuses on the optimization of the parameters of
a two-stage closure pattern for a typical operational plant of
Nepal using non-linear objective function of pressure and
speed rise.
2. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.12
74 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
B. Mathematical Modeling
The momentum and continuity equations for
unsteady flow in the pressurized pipeline have been
expressed in equation 1 and equation 2 [2].
)2.....(0
)1(.....0
2
1
2
x
V
c
t
P
D
VfV
xt
V
Where,
P = Pressure,
V = Flow velocity
f = Darcy Weisbach friction factor
c = Wave speed
ρ = Density of fluid
D = Diameter
x = Co-ordinate along the longitudinal
…..section of the pipe
Equation 1 and 2 represents a pair of quasi-static
hyperbolic partial differential equations. Although the
general solution is not possible to these equations, these
equations can be transferred to ordinary differential
equations using Methods of Characteristics and then
integrated within limits to obtain the solution within defined
co-ordinate of space and time. The value of pressure and
velocity at ith
node and jth
time step can be calculated
numerically using equation 3 and equation 4 [3].
)3.....()
22
(
2
)(
2
)(
2
1
1,11,11,1
1,11,11,11,1,
jijiji
jijijijiji
VxV
D
fc
Vx
D
fcc
VV
c
PPP
)4.....()
22
(
2
1
)(
2
1
)(
1
2
1
1,11,11,11,1
1,11,11,11,1,
jijijiji
jijijijiji
VxV
D
fc
VxV
D
fc
VVPP
c
V
Equation 3 and 4 contains the term acoustic wave
velocity, which has been calculated using the Kortweg’s
equation. The Kortweg’s equation for wave speed (c), in
the pipe having thickness e, Diameter D, support factor Ψ
and Young’s modulus Evis expressed in the equation 5 [7].
)5......(.
)1(
eE
DE
E
c V
Where, E and ρ are the bulk modulus and the
density of the fluid. Equation 3, equation 4 and equation 5
are used in combination to find the velocity and pressure at
any co-ordinate of time and space. The rise of rotational
speed of turbine has been governed by equation 6.
)6.......(gh MM
dt
d
I
Where,
I = Polar moment of inertia of the …
…..rotating parts in turbine-generator
… combination
= Angular speed the turbine
Mh = Torque from the water that is …
. spinning the turbine
Mg = Torque from the generator that the
…. turbine is connected to
By solving the equation 6, combined with the turbine
characteristics curve and equation 3 and equation 4, the
unknown parameter at turbine node at any instant can be
found out.
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Numerical Model Development and Validation
The numerical model has been developed for a
typical medium head hydropower plant of Nepal in
commercial software BENTLEY HAMMER, which uses
Method of Characteristics to solve the governing equation
of momentum and continuity for unsteady flow in the
conduit. The schematics of the waterway diagram of the
hydropower plant have been shown in figure 1.
Figure 1: Schematics of waterway diagram
3. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.12
75 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
TABLE I
DIMENSION DETAILS OF WATERWAY DIAGRAM
Pipe
Section
Length
(m)
Diameter
(mm)
Start
node-
elevation
(m)
Stop-
node
elevation
(m)
P1 2200 3500 320.5 316
P2 47 2600 316 288
P3 80 2600 288 262
P4 82 2600 262 240
P5 20 2000 240 232
P6 22 1800 232 216
P7 8 1500 216 198
P8 3 1500 216 198
P9 8 1500 216 198
P10 8 1500 198 196
P11 3 1500 198 196
P12 3 1500 198 196
The hydropower station has three units, each
having an installed capacity of 7.5 MW. The net head and
net flow of each turbine is 108.23 meter and 24cubic meters
per second. The rated rotational speed of the generator is
600 RPM and the rotating system has a combined moment
of inertia of 31,000 kg.m2
.
The friction model is assumed to be quasi-static
and the time steps has been kept 0.005 seconds for
computation. The number of computational reach has been
adjusted through the software Bentley Hammer to keep the
Courant-Friedrichs -Lewy Number, (cΔt/Δx),equals to one
to match the computational compliance criteria [8]. The
wave speed is calculated by using Korteweg’s equation.
The computation has been done for the 3000 second time
soon after the wicket gate closure is started.
The numerical simulation has been done for the
same closure pattern as did experimentally during the load
rejection test, which was carried out during the
commissioning phase of the project. The validation of the
developed numerical model has been done by comparing
the maximum value of pressure and rotational speed of the
turbine as obtained from numerical simulations with the
data of the load rejection test. The numerical model after
validation has proved to be reliable for further operation
and hence the model has been applied to find the optimum
closure pattern of the guide vanes.
B. Optimization Variables
The optimization variables are four free
parameters describing the two-stage closure pattern as
shown in figure 2; time at which first closure stage finishes
(t1), time at which second stage closure starts (t2), the fold
point position (s) and the time at which the wicket gates are
fully closed (t3).
Figure 2: Optimization variables
C. Objective Function
For the optimization, a non-linear objective
function has been defined as follows:
,.
maxmax PP
PP
NN
NN
F
a
ia
a
ia
if Nmax< Na and P max< Pa
F= , if Nmax> Na OR P max> Pa
And SF=
maxmax N
N
P
P aa
Where
Na = Allowable maximum rotational speed of
….turbine
Nmax = Maximum rotational speed
Ni = Rotational speed at initial steady state
Pa = Maximum allowable pressure
Pmax = Maximum pressure
Pi = Pressure at initial steady state
SF = Overall safety factor of the system
The denominator of the objective function contains
the product of two terms, each representing the difference
of the maximum and allowable value of each sub-goal.
Hence, it is supposed that the optimum solution based on
this objective function will uniformly distribute the safety
margin of each objective goal compared to the conventional
linear objective function.
The value of initial steady-state pressure has been
calculated by using a steady-state solver of Bentley hammer
software. For the consideration of safety, the maximum
allowable values of speed and pressure are set as Na = 900
RPM and Pa = 1800 KPA.
4. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.12
76 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
D. Optimization Algorithm
The numerical simulation has been repeatedly
done by varying one variable at once. The t2 and t1 have
been related by the defined relationship. The remaining
three variables; t1, t3 and s, each has been provided five
variations over the uniform interval, accounting for a total
of one hundred and twenty-five combinations of t1,t2, t3
and s. The value of maximum pressure and maximum
rotational speed calculated for each combination are used to
evaluate the objective function. The combination of t1, t2,
t3 and s which gives the minimum value of the objective
function has been considered as optimum parameters for a
two-stage closure pattern. The overall safety factor has been
calculated and compared with the value of the objective
function.
III. RESULTS
A. Numerical Model Development and Validation
The data of experimental load rejection test
suggests that for the full rejection of load, the closure
pattern was single-stage linear and the closure time was
varied by rotating the knob of a throttle valve of the
governor. The four variations in closure period were five
ten, fifteen and twenty seconds as shown in figure 3.
The results of numerical simulation for the single-
stage linear closure pattern with closure period t= 5
seconds, has been shown in Figure 4, 5, 6 and 7. The spatial
variation of pressure along the longitudinal section of
penstock pipe considering the start of the spiral casing as
x=0 has been shown in figure 4.The red, green and blue
lines in the figure indicates maximum, initial and minimum
pressures respectively. The figure shows that the maximum
pressure is observed at the start of the spiral casing. The
temporal variation of the pressure at the same position has
been shown in figure 5. The result shows that the pressure
increases steeply till the time t = 5seconds and fluctuation
starts. The fluctuation gradually dampens which has been
shown in figure 6. From figure 3 and figure 5, it can be seen
that the value of maximum pressure along the entire
pipeline is 1722 KPA which is observed on start of spiral
casing at time t= 13 second. Figure 7 shows the temporal
variation of the rotational speed of the turbine for closure
time t= 5 seconds. The result shows that speed rises rapidly
soon after the load rejection. The maximum value of the
rotational speed is 722 RPM.
The numerical simulation has been repeated for the
single-stage linear closure pattern with different closure
periods of 10, 15 and 20 seconds. The value of maximum
pressure and maximum rotational has been summarized in
table II. The comparison of numerical and experimental
results is shown in figure 8.The figure shows that numerical
simulations show satisfactory agreement with the data of
field test on the premise of an identical pattern of the
closure of wicket gates. The maximum deviation of the
numerical and experimental result is found to be 3%.
Figure 3: Various closure patterns applied for experimental
load rejection test
Figure 4: Pressure variation along the longitudinal section
of the penstock profile
Figure 5: Temporal variation of pressure and flow at the
start of spiral casing for closure time, t= 5 second
5. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
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77 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 6: Temporal variation of pressure at the start of
spiral casing for closure time, t= 5 second
Figure 7: Temporal variation of the rotational speed of
runner for closure time of 5 second
TABLE II
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF NUMERICAL
SIMULATIONS FOR SINGLE-STAGE LINEAR
CLOSURE PERIOD
Closure time
(second)
5 10 15 20
Maximum
Pressure
(KPA)
1722 1580 1525 1496
Maximum
Speed
(RPM)
722 792 845 886
Figure 8: Comparison of results of numerical simulation
with the experiment
B. Optimization of the closure pattern
The results of numerical simulations for a different
combination of the four optimization variables t1, t2, t3,
and s have been presented in Table III.
TABLE III
RESULT OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR
VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF PARAMETER OF
TWO-STAGE CLOSURE PATTERN
Closure Law
[t1,t2,t3,s]
Maximum
pressure
(Kpa)
Maximum
Rotational
speed of
turbine
(RPM)
Objective
function
[6, 7, 21,0.2] 1567 759 7.305
[6, 7, 21,0.35] 1480 816 8.929
[6, 7, 21,0.5] 1488 859 18.762
[6, 7, 21,0.65] 1503 888 67.340
[6, 7, 21,0.8] 1490 909 infinity
[7.3, 8.8, 21,0.2] 1552 780 8.065
[7.3, 8.8, 21,0.35] 1487 834 11.618
[7.3, 8.8, 21,0.5] 1492 874 29.970
[7.3, 8.8, 21,0.65] 1486 900 infinity
[7.3, 8.8, 21,0.8] 1521 919 infinity
[8.5, 10.5, 21,0.2] 1529 799 8.768
[8.5, 10.5,21,0.35] 1488 849 15.083
[8.5, 10.5, 21,0.5] 1510 887 63.660
[8.5, 10.5,21,0.65] 1509 911 infinity
[8.5, 10.5, 21,0.8] 1509 928 infinity
[9.8, 12.3, 21,0.2] 1499 817 9.607
Temporal variation of rotational speed of turbine
Speed(rpm)
725
713
700
688
675
663
650
638
625
613
600
Time (sec)
4.0000003.0000002.0000001.0000000.000000
7. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.12
79 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
[5, 6, 9,0.8] 1762 827 86.518
[6, 7, 9,0.2] 1537 759 6.472
[6, 7, 9,0.35] 1681 787 17.848
[6, 7, 9,0.5] 1761 809 67.625
[6, 7, 9,0.65] 1852 825 infinity
[6, 7, 9,0.8] 2054 837 infinity
*Note: [6, 7, 21, 0.2] means t1= 6 second, t2= 7 second,
t3= 21 second and s=0.2
The optimized value of t1, t2, t3, and s, based on
one hundred and twenty-five simulations are 4 seconds, 5
seconds, 9 seconds, and 0.35 respectively. The
corresponding values of the maximum pressure, maximum
rotational speed and the objective function are 1507 KPa,
754 RPM, and 5.61 respectively.
IV. CONCLUSION
This article deals with the development of
mathematical model of hydraulic transients for a typical
medium head hydropower plant. The correctness of results
of the mathematical model has been validated in
comparison with the experimental data. The maximum
deviation of the numerical and experimental result has
found to be 3%, which concludes that the numerical model
can predict the parameters of hydraulic transient with
satisfactory accuracy.
Moreover, the article focuses on the optimization
of two-stage closure pattern of guide vanes with non-linear
objective function of two sub-goals. The optimized
parameters have effectively harmonized the contradiction of
rise of hydrodynamic pressure and rotational speed,
ensuring both the target parameters within the permitted
scope. The overall safety factor for the optimum solution is
1.425.The achievement of this study can be a reference for
similar projects.
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