The document discusses the causes of the separation of East Pakistan from West Pakistan in 1971. It identifies several key factors:
1. Political and economic dominance of West Pakistan over East Pakistan led to resentment among the Bengali population of East Pakistan.
2. Failure of the Muslim League leadership to adequately address the needs and concerns of East Pakistan contributed to growing discontent.
3. Delays in establishing a constitution and political system that fairly represented the much larger population of East Pakistan further exacerbated tensions.
4. The war of power between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman over governing East Pakistan after 1970 elections also played a role in the ultimate separation of the
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinentAqib Syed
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinent
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of conflict among East and West Pakistan.
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.
Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014)Tallat Satti
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)
power point document on general zia ul haq's policies, his early life, his governance, afghan miracle, zia as president and chief martial law administrator
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinentAqib Syed
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinent
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of conflict among East and West Pakistan.
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.
Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014)Tallat Satti
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)
power point document on general zia ul haq's policies, his early life, his governance, afghan miracle, zia as president and chief martial law administrator
Pakistan Constitutional History 1956 to 1973FaHaD .H. NooR
Abrogation of 1956’s constitution and Imposition of Martial Law (1958)
Introduction of Basic Democracies by Mr. Ayub Khan (1959)
Formulation of 1962’s Constitution
Constitution of 1962
Salient features of 1962’s Constitution
Abrogation of the 1962’s Constitution & Imposition of Martial law by Mr. Yahya Khan (1969)
1973 Constitution
In 1957, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the youngest
member of Pakistan's delegation to the United Nations.
As his father was politically active, Bhutto had learned
politics and its affairs from very early age.
In 1958, he became Pakistan’s youngest cabinet
minister. He was assigned ministry of Water and
Power.
He was then given ministry of Commerce,
Communication and Industry.
Close and trustworthy to Ayub Khan.
Indus Water Treaty and Oil Exploration Agreement.
1963, Bhutto became Foreign Minister.
Hi, This is my presentation About the initial Problems that Pakistan had faced soon after it's creation. It contains a lot about Pakistan and as well as about it's Facts and Causes, Hopefully It'll will help you all. Jazak Allah (Thanks).
Pakistan Constitutional History 1956 to 1973FaHaD .H. NooR
Abrogation of 1956’s constitution and Imposition of Martial Law (1958)
Introduction of Basic Democracies by Mr. Ayub Khan (1959)
Formulation of 1962’s Constitution
Constitution of 1962
Salient features of 1962’s Constitution
Abrogation of the 1962’s Constitution & Imposition of Martial law by Mr. Yahya Khan (1969)
1973 Constitution
In 1957, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the youngest
member of Pakistan's delegation to the United Nations.
As his father was politically active, Bhutto had learned
politics and its affairs from very early age.
In 1958, he became Pakistan’s youngest cabinet
minister. He was assigned ministry of Water and
Power.
He was then given ministry of Commerce,
Communication and Industry.
Close and trustworthy to Ayub Khan.
Indus Water Treaty and Oil Exploration Agreement.
1963, Bhutto became Foreign Minister.
Hi, This is my presentation About the initial Problems that Pakistan had faced soon after it's creation. It contains a lot about Pakistan and as well as about it's Facts and Causes, Hopefully It'll will help you all. Jazak Allah (Thanks).
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Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Separation of east pakistan
1.
2. 1. Fraz Majeed 082
2. Ahsan Iqbal 056
3. Syed Ali Yazdan 089
GROUP NO # 3
3. SEPERATION OF EAST PAKISTAN
1. Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of
output failure arising out of dissension and conflict among East
and West Pakistan.
2. Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the
separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence
of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the
separation of East Pakistan.
4. 1. Hindu Influence
2. Failure of Muslim League leadership in East Pakistan
3. Unity of Bengali Muslims and Hindus
4. The Delay in Constitution Making Process
5. Presidential Form of Government
6. Six Point Formula of Sh. Mujeeb
7. Presidential Form of Government
8.Role of International Community
9. The War of Power Between Bhutto and Mujeeb
SERERATION OF EAST PAKISTAN
5. HINDU INFLUENCE
• The 14% Hindu population had full control over the economy of
East Pakistan.
• They were better educated than the native Bengali Muslims. They
owned press and mass media.
• At First, the Hindus were the members of the Indian National
Congress but after partition they founded their own organization,
Pakistan National Congress (PAC).
• The members of PAC were, in fact, the political agents ofIndia in
East Pakistan.
6. FAILURE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE LEADERSHIP IN EAST PAKISTAN
• The Cabinet did not pay due attention towards the problems of the
people, hence its capability became zero in the eyes of people.
• The selfish politicians fought among themselves for the lust of chair.
The principal leaders and groups representing East Bengal in the Muslim
League came from upper-class, land-owning, Urdu speaking families
of Dhaka or the mercantile group of Calcutta.
• Soon after the creation of Pakistan, the conflict between those who
claimed to represent popular and more radical factors in Bengal and
those more conservative elements, began
7. UNITY OF BENGALI MUSLIMS AND HINDUS
• To establish majority on Pak-legislature,
they had to unite with their fellow Bengali
Hindus.
• Therefore, the man like H.S. Sehrwardy was
a consistent advocate of joint electorates
8. THE DELAY IN CONSTITUTION MAKING PROCESS
• The delay in Constitution making process gave rise to
suspicions and misunderstandings between the people of
two halves.
• The population of East Pakistan was 56%. The Bengalis
demanded their representation according to the
percentage of population in the national assembly.
9. 6 POINTS FORMULA OF SH. MUJEEB
• The government should be federal and parliamentary in
nature as it was discussed in Lahore Resolution, its
members to be elected with legislative representation on
the basis of population.
• The federal government shall be responsible for only
foreign affairs and defense.
• There shall be two separate currencies mutually or freely
convertible in each wing for each region.
10. CONTI………
• The power of implementation & collection of taxes
would lie with the provinces. The F.G ‘will be given
enough shares to fulfill its tasks of foreign and defense.
• There would be Separate accounts of foreign exchange
earnings for each of the federating units.
• The East Pakistan would be given the authority to have
a paramilitary force to contribute towards national
security.
11. PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT
• A parliamentary system could have at least partially offset West
Pakistan dominance in the civil and military services.
• Again the same mistake was made.
• Instead of opting for loose Confederate Form of Government,
the power elite decided in favour of highly centralized
presidential system.
• The opposition from East Pakistan was intense and un-
equivocal for progressive increase in the amount of autonomy.
12. ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
• Both, Soviet Union and America were in favor of the
disintegration of Pakistan.
• Soviet Union openly supported India’s attack on East
Pakistan.
• Whereas, America did not fulfill her promise to support
Pakistan.
13. THE WAR OF POWER BETWEEN BHUTTO AND MUJEEB
• The Awami League, by virtue of its over-whelming
majority in election, was entitled to establish its
government, but Mr. Z.A.
• Bhutto having the patronage from General Yahya
Khan boycotted the session of National Assembly
at Dhaka, which was postponed by General Yahya
Khan.
• Mr. Mujeeb-ur-Rehman alleged Yahya Khan with
partiality and began to agitate the people for civil war
14. CONCLUSIONS:
• Minor misunderstandings between East & West
Pakistan led to the major conflicts.
• Thad had brought an end to the united Pakistan and
Pakistan was disintegrated.
