This presentation was given to Mr. Wasif Ali Waseer lecturer Sociology at UMT,Lahore by the students of Sociology in the class of Environmental Sociology.Topic presented was Emile Durkheim As Environmental Sociologist
The rules for the explanation of social facts and rules for the constitution ...Yadwinder Singh
a two chapter summary from the rules of sociological method : The rules for the explanation of social facts and rules for the constitution of social types
First published in 1915 Second Edition 1976. This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. All rights are reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the publishers.
The rules for the explanation of social facts and rules for the constitution ...Yadwinder Singh
a two chapter summary from the rules of sociological method : The rules for the explanation of social facts and rules for the constitution of social types
First published in 1915 Second Edition 1976. This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. All rights are reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the publishers.
CT2010: Dialogue Session 4: Women, Identity and the Media: Key Challenges for...Tony Watkins
A dialogue session by Margunn Serigstad Dahle at the Third Lausanne Congress, Cape Town, 2010. It was the fourth in a series of dialogue sessions led by Margunn and Tony Watkins.
Jewish Women And Identity In 19 C French Orientalist PaintingsPaige Dansinger
Jewish women’s identity in 19th C. French Orientalist paintings contributed to shaping how Jewish female identity has changed from the period of the Post-Enlightenment to Modernist times. An examination of the evolution of how the painter’s model was portrayed archetypically in North Africa, from sacred Moroccan bride to Harem odalisque and finally to the Femme Fatal figure reveals symptoms of this transformation. By surveying the art of French Orientalists and the texts of 19th and 20th-century scholars, historians, literature and artist writers, we may better understand how Jewish women’s identity has been influenced by such things as; Anti-Semitism, Post-Colonial theories exploring the “Other,” such as Said’s Orientalism, Ashkenazi and Mizrahi relations and Jewish/Arab feminist dynamics. This research is important because it may lead to a broader comprehension of contemporary Jewish identity for women. Hopefully this understanding may ultimately help to confront and diminish stereo-types, Anti-Semitism, social and political injustices as well as personal identity issues that Jewish women have commonly faced.
collective behaviour, the kinds of activities engaged in by sizable but loosely organized groups of people. Episodes of collective behaviour tend to be quite spontaneous, resulting from an experience shared by the members of the group that engenders a sense of common interest and identity. The informality of the group’s structure is the main source of the frequent unpredictability of collective behaviour.
SOCI201-012Tuesday, September 17, 2019Socialization and Interaction.docxrosemariebrayshaw
SOCI201-012Tuesday, September 17, 2019Socialization and Interaction
Culture
· Important questions about culture
· Who decides what is and is not included in our material culture?
· Who decides the values, norms, and sanctions included in a society’s culture?
· Who decides when culture changes?
Key and Peele- “Substitute Teacher”
Nature vs. Nurture
Socialization
· The process of learning a society or social group’s culture, including how to “properly” interact
· Begins in childhood but persists throughout the life course
· Occurs between generations
· E.g., gender socialization
Agents of Socialization
· Individuals or groups that provide socialization into culture
· People: Family, Peers
· Institutions: school, government, religion, workplaces, mass media
· Total institutions
· Resocialization
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
· American sociologist/psychologist
· Children learn how to “take the role of the other” through:
· Imitation
· Play
· Team games
· The “generalized other”
Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)
· American sociologist
· The “Looking-Glass Self”
· We imagine how we appear to other people
· We interpret others’ reactions to us
· We develop a self-concept based on that interpretation
· Zhao (2005) “The Digital Self: Through the Looking Glass of Telecopresent Others”
· How do we develop our self-concept online if others are disembodied?
· “Analyses of the online experience of teenagers have shown that telecopresent others in the online world do constitute a unique looking glass which generates a digital self that is different from the self constructed offline. The digital self has been found to be oriented inward, narrative in nature, retractable, and multiplied” (p. 400)
Symbolic Interactionism
· Society is composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with others
· Herbert Blumer (1900-1987)
· American sociologist
· coined the term “symbolic interactionism” but was heavily influenced by Mead and Cooley
Harold Garfinkel (1917-2011)
· American sociologist
· Ethnomethodology: an analytical method in the social sciences that examines how meaning is created in everyday interaction/communication
· Social breaching experiment: disrupting taken-for-granted knowledge in order to understand the nuances of social life
Berger and Luckmann
· “The Social Construction of Reality” (1966)
· Social constructionism: meaning-making is a social event- things only have meaning because we assign them meaning
Erving Goffman (1922-1982)
· American sociologist
· The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
· Dramaturgical perspective of social interaction
· The (idealized) performance
· Regions- front and back
· The team
· Setting
· Impression management
· Things we “give” vs “give off”
· Role Performance: we all inhabit different statuses, and each of these statuses comes with different roles; these roles become part of what is expected of us during interaction
· Rol.
A Lecture on Religion As a Group Phenomenon was delivered to students of Sociology in the class of Sociology of Religion supervised by Mr.Inam-ul-Haq Lecturer Sociology at UMT by M.USAMA MANSOOR
This presentation was presented to Dr.Vaqas Ali Assistant Professor of Sociology at UMT, Lahore by a Student in the class of Sociology of Social Movements.
This presentation was presented to Miss. Tayyaba Sohail Lecturer Sociology at UMT, Lahore in the class of Sociology of Human Rights during FALL 2014 Semester.
This Lecture is created to help the beginner understand how to review literature? Especially those carrying final year thesis at Bechlors and Masters Level in any university
This Lecture has been Prepared for the students of Sociology to help them diffrentiate how Tradition vs. Science. And what was the role of Isaac Newton, Emile Durkheim and James,etc.
This Lecture will help beginners to understand the basic difference between Sociology and Common Sense. I will not only help the beginners but also the professionals in the field of sociology to understand how a sociologist explore a problem and design the theory and accept and reject it.
This Slide will not explore only the defination of Sociology. But will also elaborate how Sociology differs from other social science such as, Psychology, Political Science and Economics. It will also enlighten how social sciences has emerged?
This presentation has been created to help those students who has recently chosen sociology their field. it will provide sound knowledge to the beginners about how sociology differs from science and knowledge about quantitative and qualitative sociology, Positivism VS Verstehen, Posivitism, Verstehen, Quantitative Sociology, Qualitative Sociology
This is second Lecture in which Students will be introduced why to imagine sociologically and what C.Wright Mills has described about Sociological Imagination along with this contribution of the earlier sociologists in this regard will also be discussed
In this lecture students will be introduced to Sociology, Types of Sociology, Micro Sociology, Macro Sociology, Traditional focus of Sociology, Approaches in Sociology
This Presentation was given by the student of BS Sociology UMT, Lahore to Mr.Wasif Ali Waseer Lecturer Sociology at UMT, Lahore in the class of Rural Sociology
This presentation was presented to Dr.Raza Ullah Khan lecturer Sociology University of the Punjab in the Class of Introduction of Sociology by the students of Social Sciences UMT,Lahore in the semester of 2011
Case incident 2 era of the disposable workerM Usama Sehgal
This presentation Case Incident 2 Era of Disposable Worker was presented by a student of UMT,Lahore to Prof.Dr.Iftikhar Ahmad. It provide a brief description of the case. It also provides fruitful Answers of the Questions raised in the Case
This Presentation was presented to Mr.Wasif Ali Waseer Lecturer Sociology UMT,Lahore. Which describe the power, politics and health care system of Australia and Pakistan. It also provides few suggestions that can healp in improving health care system of Pakistan
This Presentation was given to Mr.Wasif Ali Waseer lecturer of Sociology at UMT,Lahore. In the class of Medical Sociology.The presentation covers the history about how Indigenous Health system emerged in the Pakistan. and what types of Indiginous treatments and treaters are available and followed by the people of Pakistan. And How they become victim of them
This PR Campaign was prepared by the students of University of Management and Technology Lahore as an assignment given by Amna Waheeda Ex Researcher Geo News. The assignment helped the students to learn how PR Campaigns are designed for different products, political parties, NGO Projects,etc.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
3. Environmental Commentator
• Out of three founding Figures in sociology,
Durkheim is probably the least likely to be
recognized as an environmental
commentator.
4. Facts of Lower Order
• In large part, this reflects his deliberate
decision to elevate social facts over ‘facts
of lower order’ (that is, psychological,
biological).
5. A Social Fact
• For Durkheim, a social fact is ‘any way of
acting, whether fixed or not, capable
exerting over the individual an external
constraint’ (2002 [1895]: 117)
6. Constraint is normally Manifested
• This constraint is normally manifested
in the form of law, morality, beliefs,
customs and even fashions.
7. Examining an Experience that is
Characteristic
• We can verify the existence of a social
fact, Durkheim ventured, by examining
an experience that is characteristic.
8. For Example
• Children are compelled to adopt ways of
seeing, thinking and acting that they
otherwise would not have arrived at
spontaneously.
9. Social Phenomena Cannot Be
Explained
• Social phenomena cannot be explained
through the lens of individual psychology.
10. Central Rule of the Sociological
Method
• It is a central rule of the sociological
method that ‘the determining cause of a
social fact must be sought among
antecedent social facts and not among
the states of individual consciousness’ (p.
125).
12. Proper Field of Sociology
• Social Facts, Durkheim insists ‘are
consequently the proper field of
sociology’ (p. 112)
13. Theoretical Independence of Sociology
• While this vigorous defence of social
facts and collective consciousness most
certainly buttressed the theoretical
independence of sociology
14. Non-Sociological Approaches
• It also had the affect of warning off
members of the new discipline from non
sociological approaches that were
reductionist in nature (that is, they
reduced explanation to biological and
psychological factors).
15. Theory of Societal Transformation
• Nevertheless, Durkheim himself
frequently utilised biological concepts
and metaphors in presenting his theory of
societal transformation.
16. Theory Inspired by Darwinian
Evolutionary Model
• Furthermore, this theory was most
certainly inspired by the Darwinian
evolutionary model that was popular
among intellectuals in the late nineteenth
century.
17. Mechanical Solidarity
• In The Division of Labour in Society
(1893), he describes the evolution of
modern societies from a state of
mechanical solidarity, where in social
solidarity is a product of shared cultured
values.
18. Organic Solidarity
• Organic solidarity, where the social
bond is a function of interdependence,
most notably that arising out of an
increasingly complex division of labour.
19. Ecological Crises of Rising Population
• Catton (2002:2) proposes that Durkheim's
theory was very much an attempt to
devise a solution to what is essentially an
ecological crises of rising population
paired with scarce resources.
20. Engage in Agriculture
• As societies became larger and denser, it
would have been disastrous if everyone
had continued to engage in agriculture.
21. Technological Innovation
• Increasingly, occupational specialisation
meant that the competition over arable
land was lessened even as that land
became more productive thanks to
technological innovation.
22. Ecology and Evolution
• Alas, Durkheim was doubly hobbled,
Catton says, both by his narrowly
selective reading of Darwin and by the
unavailability in the 1880s of our
knowledge of ecology and evolution
(2002:93)
23. Increasing Diversity
• In the first instance, he erroneously
supposed that Darwin believed that
increasing diversity to be a way of
minimising competition for scarce
resources.
24. Co-Evolution
• Rather, Darwin cautioned the co-evolution
(two species involving at the same time)
could, in some cases, increase their
resemblance to one another or result in
one species bringing the other to
extinction.
25. Lessening Rivalries and Increasing
Mutual Interdependence
• In short, Darwin viewed specialisation as
a way in which one species could gain
competitive advantage over
another, not, as Durkheim believed, as a
way of lessening revelries and increasing
mutual interdependence.
26. Insights of Modern Ecology
• Durkheim could not have privy to the
insights of modern ecology, which did not
emerge as a sub-field of biology until next
century.
27. Mutual Dependence was Symbiotic
• Most crucially, no one in Durkheim’s
time recognised that mutual dependence
was symbiotic but not necessarily
balanced.
28. Predators and Parasites
• That is, some interaction in nature benefit
both member populations (mutualism) but
others benefit one without either harming
or benefiting the other (commensalism);
and yet others are beneficial to one and
determinal to the other, as with
predators and parasites (Catton 2002:93).
29. Human Ecological Communities
• The latter gives rise to power differences,
something especially significant when you
are dealing with human ecological
communities.
30. Profound Process of Change
• What are we left with then is chiefly
speculation on what might have been.
Citing Talcott Parsons (1987:217),
Jarvikowski (1996:82) ventures that
Durkheim would likely to have written in
different way today about the
relationships between the social and
physical environment because biological
theory has undergone a profound
process of change.