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Polio presentation
The document summarizes the history and current status of polio. It describes how polio is caused by a picornavirus that infects the gastrointestinal tract and sometimes the central nervous system, causing paralysis. The disease was common worldwide until vaccines were developed in the 1950s. Jonas Salk developed the first inactivated polio vaccine in 1953, and Albert Sabin developed an oral attenuated vaccine in 1956. Widespread vaccination campaigns in the US and globally in subsequent decades led to a dramatic reduction in polio cases. While polio has been eradicated in most countries, it remains endemic in only a few developing nations in Asia and Africa. Global health organizations aim to completely eradicate the disease worldwide.
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Polio presentation
- 1. Polio: A Diseaseon the Brink of Extinction Dr. Clifton Franklund Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Ferris State University Cause History Prevention The Future
- 2. Key Points Cause The PolioVirus Picornavirus Very small RNA genome Three types Humans are the only host
- 3. Key Points Cause The InfectiousCycle Enteric virus Tonsil infection Gut infection Viremia Motor neurons Shed in feces
- 4. Key Points Cause Result ofInfections 95% 4% 1% Asymptomatic Mild Symptoms Paralysis Asymptomatic Mild disease Fever Headache Stiff neck Paralysis is rare Under-reporting
- 5. Key Points History Polio inAncient Times Ancient disease Egyptian stele Paralyzed priest 1400 BC This virus has been around for awhileâŚ
- 6. Key Points History Polio Comesto the U.S. First diagnosed cases in the late 1800âs 1916 first large epidemic polio outbreak Sanitation effort ineffective
- 7. Key Points History 1916 NewYork Outbreak New York City 9,000 cases 2,343 deaths Nationally 27,000 cases 6,000 deaths
- 8. Key Points History Incidence inthe 20th Century Endemic in US Seasonal polio outbreaks July-September Post-WWII peak 1952 peak: 57,628 cases
- 9. Key Points History FDR andthe March of Dimes Contracted polio at age 39 Elected president in 1932 NFIP - March of Dimes â established in 1938
- 10. Key Points Prevention Salk Vaccine 1953 Inactivated virusvaccine (IPV) Required three injections Cannot mutate Only vaccine in USA since 1999
- 11. Key Points Prevention Polio VaccineTrials 1954 Nearly two million children Proven effective in 1955 By 1957 polio incidence was down by 90%
- 12. Key Points Prevention Cutter Incident 1955 Improperly prepared vaccine Virusnot inactivated 260 polio cases 192 paralyzed
- 13. Key Points Prevention Sabin Vaccine 1956 Attenuated vaccine(OPV) Shed in feces Herd immunity Main vaccine in USA until 1999 Still main vaccine globally
- 14. Key Points Prevention Sabin FieldTesting 1957 - 1959 Much of the US and Canada already treated Went to Soviet Union during the Cold War 100,000,000 vaccinated by 1961
- 15. Key Points The Future Eradicationof a Pathogen Smallpox 1976 Rinderpest 2001 Polio ???
- 16. Key Points The Future TheStrategy Rotary Club 1985 Global use OPV Goal for total eradication by 2000 Last case in USA 1979
- 17. Key Points The Future TheCurrent Picture Last holdouts for polio Afghanistan Pakistan India Nigeria
- 18. + Dr. Clifton Franklund Departmentof Biological Sciences 820 Campus Drive / ASC 2004 Big Rapids, MI 49307 franklc@ferris.edu (231) 591-2552 Questions?