p-n junction: built-in potential and constant Fermi level
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This document discusses the calculation of the built-in potential in a p-n junction. It covers determining the equilibrium electron and hole concentrations using the Fermi-Dirac distribution and relates them to the built-in potential. It also examines how the extrinsic Fermi level remains constant throughout the p-n junction under equilibrium conditions.
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Reflection and Transmission coefficients in transmission line
Reflection and Transmission coefficients in transmission lineRCC Institute of Information Technology
This document discusses transmission line propagation coefficients including reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient. It defines the reflection coefficient as the ratio of reflected to incident voltage or current. Reflection and transmission coefficients are derived for a transmission line terminated by a load impedance. Standing wave patterns on transmission lines are also analyzed. Key properties of standing waves include maximum and minimum voltages occurring at intervals of half wavelength and voltages/currents being 90 degrees out of phase.Impedance in transmission line
The document discusses transmission line impedance and input impedance. It defines characteristic impedance as the ratio of voltage to current waves travelling along a transmission line. It provides expressions for characteristic impedance in terms of line parameters R, L, G, C. It then derives expressions for input impedance of open circuit, short circuit, matched and mismatched lossless transmission lines. It shows that input impedance is capacitive for a short open circuit line and inductive for a short circuit line.
Distortionless Transmission Line
This document discusses transmission lines and the conditions required for distortionless transmission. It notes that losses in transmission lines can occur due to I2R loss, skin effect, and crystallization. Distortion can arise from amplitude distortion, attenuation distortion, and phase distortion. The conditions for distortionless transmission are that the attenuation constant must be zero and the phase velocity must be independent of frequency. This requires that the line's inductance and capacitance per unit length satisfy LG/RC=1/2. The document also examines propagation constants and phase velocity for lossless transmission lines. It provides examples of calculating phase velocity, propagation constant, and phase wavelength for given line parameters.
Quantum Hall Effect
The document summarizes a lecture on the quantum Hall effect. It defines the quantum Hall effect as a phenomenon where the resistance of a quantum well system is quantized under low temperature and high magnetic field conditions. It then provides calculations to show that the quantum Hall resistance is quantized and equal to h/q^2, where h is Planck's constant and q is the elementary charge. Finally, it discusses how the quantization occurs due to the formation of discrete energy levels called Landau levels in the presence of a magnetic field.
Telegrapher's Equation
This document discusses transmission lines and the Telegrapher's equation. It begins by introducing transmission lines and their parameters such as resistance, inductance, conductance and capacitance per unit length. It then derives the Telegrapher's equation that describes voltage and current on a transmission line. It shows how the equation can be used to find the propagation constant and solve for voltage and current as a function of position and time. It also discusses phase velocity and provides examples of calculating attenuation constant, phase constant, and phase velocity for different transmission line scenarios.
Dielectrics
This document discusses the topic of electrostatics and dielectrics in the Electromagnetic Theory course. It defines a dielectric as a material where charge displacement occurs in an external electric field rather than free motion of charges. Dielectrics are classified as polar or nonpolar depending on whether they have a permanent dipole moment. The types of polarization in dielectrics are electronic, orientation, and ionic polarization. Key concepts discussed include polarization density, polarization charge density, the relationship between polarization and electric field through susceptibility and relative permittivity, atomic polarizability, and the relationship between polarization and electric displacement. An example problem calculates the polarization given the electric displacement.
Capacitor
1) The document discusses different types of capacitors including parallel plate, cylindrical, and spherical capacitors. Equations for electrostatic potential and electric field are derived for each type.
2) Examples problems are worked out on determining the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when a dielectric slab is inserted, and the capacitance of a coaxial cylindrical capacitor with dielectrics of different permittivities in each region.
3) Key equations presented include the capacitance of parallel plate, cylindrical, and spherical capacitors in terms of their geometric parameters and dielectric properties.
Electrical Properties of Dipole
1) An electric dipole is formed when two equal but opposite charges are separated by an infinitesimal distance. The dipole moment is defined as the product of the charge magnitude and the distance between them.
2) The electrostatic potential and electric field due to a dipole can be expressed in terms of the dipole moment. The potential and field decrease with increasing distance from the dipole.
3) A torque is experienced by a dipole when placed in an external electric field, with the torque being proportional to the cross product of the dipole moment and the electric field.
Application of Gauss' Law
This document contains lecture notes on electrostatics and the application of Gauss' law from a course on electromagnetic theory taught by Arpan Deyasi. It defines line charge density, surface charge density, and volume charge density. It then uses Gauss' law to derive expressions for the electric field and potential due to different charge distributions, including line charges, surface charges on a ring and plane, and volume charges in a cylinder and sphere. Example problems are worked through applying Gauss' law to find electric fields and potentials for these various charge distributions.
Fundamentals of Gauss' Law
This document discusses Gauss's law and related electromagnetic theory concepts taught in a course. It provides:
1) An overview of Gauss's law, which states that the total outward electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the total charge enclosed divided by the permittivity of the medium.
2) Derivations and proofs of Gauss's law using calculus theorems like divergence theorem.
3) Applications of Gauss's law to problems involving charge distributions and electric field calculations.
4) Discussions of related concepts like Gauss's law in polarized media, current continuity equation, relaxation time, and Poisson's equation.
5) Example problems demonstrating the application of these electromagnetic theory principles.
Fundamentals of Coulomb's Law
This document discusses Coulomb's law and some key concepts in electrostatics, including:
- Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, being directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The electric field intensity and electric flux density are introduced.
- Properties of the electric field such as it being irrotational are examined.
- The electrostatic potential is defined and its relationship to the electric field is explored.
Vector Integration
This document discusses vector calculus theorems including Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem. Stokes' theorem relates the line integral of a vector field around a closed curve to the surface integral of the curl of the vector field over any surface bounded by the curve. The divergence theorem relates the volume integral of the divergence of a vector field over a volume to the surface integral of the vector field over the boundary surface of that volume. The document provides proofs of these theorems and examples of their applications to problems involving conservative vector fields and evaluating integrals.
Scalar and vector differentiation
This document discusses a course on electromagnetic theory taught by Arpan Deyasi. It covers topics related to vector differentiation, including the vector differential operator in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. It also covers differentiation of scalar functions, including calculating gradients, directional derivatives and finding normals to surfaces. Finally, it discusses differentiation of vector functions, specifically divergence, which represents the volume density of the net outward flux from a vector field.
Coordinate transformation
The document discusses various coordinate transformations between Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems. It provides the transformation equations for scalar and vector variables between these coordinate systems. Examples are included to demonstrate transforming between Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates for points in both scalar and vector form. The key topics covered are the four types of coordinate transformations, the transformation equations, and examples to illustrate the transformations.
More from RCC Institute of Information Technology (20)
Scaling in conventional MOSFET for constant electric field and constant voltage
Scaling in conventional MOSFET for constant electric field and constant voltage
Reflection and Transmission coefficients in transmission line
Reflection and Transmission coefficients in transmission line
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
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https://www.leewayhertz.com/ai-in-customer-support/#How-does-AI-work-in-customer-support
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF CEILING BOARD USING SAWDUST AND WASTE CARTON MATERI...
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p-n junction: built-in potential and constant Fermi level
- 1. Course: Electronic Devices paper code: EC301 Course Coordinator: Arpan Deyasi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering RCC Institute of Information Technology Kolkata, India 8/19/2020 1Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India Topic: Junction
- 2. Calculation of built-in potential EF EV EC EFI qΦFp qΦFn Vbi 8/19/2020 2Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India
- 3. Calculation of built-in potential Equilibrium electron concentration 0 exp F FI i E E n n kT − = 0 exp Fn i q n n kT φ = 8/19/2020 3Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India
- 4. 0 lnFn i nkT q n φ = Calculation of built-in potential ln D Fn i kT N q n φ = 8/19/2020 4Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India
- 5. Calculation of built-in potential Equilibrium hole concentration 0 exp FI F i E E p n kT − = 0 exp Fp i q p n kT φ = 8/19/2020 5Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India
- 6. Calculation of built-in potential 0 lnFp i pkT q n φ = ln A Fp i kT N q n φ = 8/19/2020 6Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India
- 7. Calculation of built-in potential bi Fn FpV φ φ= + ln lnD A bi i i kT N kT N V q n q n + 8/19/2020 7Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India
- 8. ln lnD A bi i i kT N N V q n n + Calculation of built-in potential 2 ln D A bi i kT N N V q n = 8/19/2020 8Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India
- 9. Extrinsic Fermi Level is constant 8/19/2020 9Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India We consider p-n junction under external bias 0pJ = Under equilibrium 0 0 0p z p dp qp E qD dz µ − =
- 10. 8/19/2020 10Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India 0 0 p z p dp p E D dz µ = Extrinsic Fermi Level is constant 0 0 p z p D dp p E dzµ =
- 11. 8/19/2020 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India 11 Extrinsic Fermi Level is constant 0 0 z dpkT p E q dz = 0 exp FI F i E E p n kT − =
- 12. 8/19/2020 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India 12 0 expi FI F FI F dp n E E dz kT kT dE dE dz dz − = × − Extrinsic Fermi Level is constant 0 0 z dpkT p E q dz =
- 13. 8/19/2020 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India 13 Extrinsic Fermi Level is constant z dV E dz = − FI z d E E dz q =− − 1 FI z dE E q dz = 0 0 z dpkT p E q dz =
- 14. 8/19/2020 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India 14 Extrinsic Fermi Level is constant 1 exp exp FI F FI i i FI F FI F E E dE n kT q dz nkT E E dE dE q kT kT dz dz − × = − × × −
- 15. 8/19/2020 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, India 15 FI FI FdE dE dE dz dz dz = − Extrinsic Fermi Level is constant 0FdE dz =