PMR Science Seminar

1. PMR Science Seminar
PusatTuisyen Universal, by Wong Sook Yen
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Science Chapter 5 - The Air around Us
1.1 Whatis Science? 5.1 The Composition of Air
Identify Natural Phenomena Composition of air
1.2 The Science Laboratory Composition of inhaled and exhaled air
Safety and Precaution rules Experiment showing the percentage of oxygen in air
Identify apparatus 5.2 Properties of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Functions of apparatus Comparison between
Bunsen burner Solubility in water
Hazard warning symbols Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide
1.3The Steps in a Scientific Investigation Solubility in alkaline pyrogallol solution
Steps of Scientific Investigation Test for the presence of gases
3 Variables Effect on litmus paper
Be able to state hypothesis and inference Effect on hydrogen carbonate indicator
1.4 PhysicalQuantities and TheirUnits 5.3 Oxygen is Needed for Respiration
5 Basic PhysicalQuantity and SI Units Understanding of Respiration
Symbols and Measuringtools for Basic Quantity Properties of Inhaled air and Exhaled air
1.5 Weight and Mass Experiment showing that
Differencesbetweenweight and mass Oxygen is required for respiration
Conversion of unit (1kg = 10N) and Calculations Carbon dioxide is produced during respiration
1.6 Measuring Tools 5.4 Oxygen is Needed for Combustion
Measuring length Conditions of Combustion
Measuring diameter Combustion of carbon
Measuring area Combustion of hydrocarbon
Measuring volume Experiment showing that oxygen supports combustion
Measuring temperature 5.5 Air Pollution
Chapter 2 - Cell as a Unit of Life Examples of air pollutants
2.1 What is a Cell? Sources and effects of air pollutants
Parts of a Microscope (12) Prevention and Control of air pollution
Using a Microscope Chapter 6 - Sources of Energy
Structure and functions of 6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy
Animal cells (3) 8 Forms of energy
Plant cells (6) Conversion of energy
Comparison between animal cells and plant cells (6) 8 Sources of energy
2.2 Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms 6.2 Renewable and non-renewable energy sources
Identify and classify Classification of various energy sources
Unicellular organisms Chapter 7 – Heat
Multicellular organisms 7.1 Heat as a Form of Energy
2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body Differences between heat and temperature
Types and functions of Experiment showing the differences between heat and
Cells (5) temperature
Tissues (4) 7.2 The Effects of Heat Flow on Matter
Organs Expansion and Contraction of Matter
System Experiment of contraction and expansion of
Chapter 3 – Matter Solid
3.1 What is Matter? Liquid
Definition Gas
ExperimentShowingthatmatter has mass and occupiesspace Methods of heat transfer
3.2 The Three States of Matter Conduction (experiment)
Three states of matter Convection
Comparison between solid, liquid and gas Radiation
3.3 The Concept of Density Application of heat transfer
Calculation of density Heat conductors and heat insulators
Relationship between buoyancy and density 7.3 Effect of Heat on Matter
3.4 Properties of Matter in Everyday Life Changes of states of matter
Application of compressed gas Comparison between boiling and evaporation
Application of concept of density 7.4 Application of Expansion and Contraction of Matter
Chapter 4 - The Variety of Resources on Earth Thermometers Electric irons
Bimetallic thermometers Railway tracks
4.1 The Various Resources of the Earth
Rivets Electrical cables
Importance of natural resources (6)
Wheel axles Metal bridges
4.2 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Fire alarms Concrete road surfaces
Identify and Recognize Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
7.5 Absorption and Radiation of Heat
Comparison of Metal and Non-metals
Comparison between good and bad heat reflector
Comparison between Compounds and Mixtures
Comparison between good and bad heat radiator
Methods of Separation of Mixtures
Comparison between good and bad heat absorber
4.3 Importance of the Earth’s Resources
Dark and Dull Surfaces VS Bright and Shiny Surfaces
Preservation and Conservation of Natural Resources
Prepared by Miss Wong Sook Yen

2. PMR Science Seminar
PusatTuisyen Universal, by Wong Sook Yen
Chapter 1 - The World through Our Senses Chemical Digestion of
1.1 SensoryOrgans and theirFunctions Carbohydrates – Starch
The 5 Senses Protein
Stimulus – ResponsePathway Fats
1.2 The Sense of Touch End Products of Digestion
Location and functions of receptors Glucose
Factors affecting sensitivity of skin Amino acids
Braille Reading system for the Blinds Fatty acids and glycerols
1.3 The Sense of Smell 2.4 Absorption ofDigested Food
Structures and Functions of the Nose Location for food absorption
Sensory pathways for smell Structural adaptations of villi for maximum rate of absorption
Explain why a person who has a runny nose is unable to detect 2.5 Reabsorption of Water and Defecation
smells clearly. Location of food reabsorption
1.4 The Sense of Taste Types of food being reabsorbed
Structures and Functions of the Tongue Types of remaining food
Sensory Pathways for Taste Defecation
Constipation – Causes and Solutions
1.5 The Sense of Hearing
Structures and Functions of the Ear 2.6 Healthy Eating Habits
The Hearing mechanism Location of food reabsorption
1.6 The Sense of Sight Types of food being reabsorbed
Types of remaining food
Structure and Functions of the Eye
Defecation
Formation of Image on the retina
Constipation – Causes and Solutions
1.7 Light and Sight
Reflection of Light and its Applications Chapter 3 – Biodiversity
Refraction of Light 3.1 Biodiversity of Living Organisms
Light Rays diagram for refraction of light Habitat of Living Organisms
Phenomena of the refraction of light 3.2 Classifications of Living Organisms
Vision defects and its corrections Classification of Animals
Short-sightedness Vertebrates
Long-sightedness Invertebrates
Limitations of sight Classification of Plants
Blind spot Flowering
Optical illusion Non-flowering
Types of vision Chapter 4 - Interdependenceamong Living Organisms
Stereoscopic and the Environment
Monocular
4.1 Interdependence among Living Organisms
Sound and Hearing
Know the relationships between
Experiment showing that sound require medium for transfer
Species Community
Materials used as sound reflectors and sound absorbers
Population Ecosystem
Hearing defects and hearing aids
Identify living and non-living components of an environment
Limitations on hearing – old people
Importance of maintaining a balanced ecosystem
Characteristics of stereophonic hearing
4.2 Interaction between living organisms
1.9 Stimuli and Responses in Plants
Define and recognize different types of interactions between
Phototropism
living things
Hydrotropism
Competition
Geotropism
Inter-species
Thigmotropism
Intra-species
Nastic movement
Symbiosis
Chapter 2 - Nutrition Commensalism
2.1 Classes of Food Mutualism
7 Classes of Food Parasitism
Examples Prey-predator
Roles and Functions 4.3 Food Webs
Food tests for the presence of Based on a food web, be able to identify
Starch - __________ Producer
Glucose - _________ Primary consumers
Proteins - _________ Secondary consumers
Fats - ____________ Decomposers
2.2 The Importance of Balanced Diet Converting food web into pyramid of numbers
Factors that determines a balanced diet Predict the changes in the numbers of organisms
Calorific value of food - Calculations 4.4 Photosynthesis
Planning a balanced diet meal plan Writing word equation
2.3 Human Digestive System Requirements of photosynthesis
Structures and Functions of Digestive Organs Experiment – Test for the presence of starch in leaves
Pathway of food movement along the alimentary canal Importance of photosynthesis
Prepared by Miss Wong Sook Yen

3. PMR Science Seminar
PusatTuisyen Universal, by Wong Sook Yen
4.5 Conservation and Preservation of Organisms 6.2 Application of the Principle of Air Pressure
Three R’s – Recycle, Reuse, Reduce Identify location of high pressure and low pressure in
Education Syringe
Enforcement of Laws Rubber hook
4.6 Role of Human Beings in Maintaining the Balance of the Bicycle pump
Nature Plunger
Reforestation Pipette/rubber dropper
Sustainable management of natural resources Drinking straw – with/without holes
Three R’s Siphon
Chapter 5 –Water and Solution Spray pump/aerosol can
Storing Gas under high Pressure
5.1 Physical Characteristics of Water
Freezing and Melting of water Chapter 7 – Dynamics
Boiling of water 7.1 Force
Effects of impurities on Definition of force
Melting and Boling points Types of forces (4)
Density Effects of forces
Conduction of electricity Shape
5.2 Composition of Water Motion
Water as a compound of Direction
Hydrogen 7.2 Measurement of Force
Oxygen SI unit of force – Newton (N)
Electrolysis of water Conversion of Mass to Newton
Aim Measuring device – Spring balance
Experimental set up Experiment measuring the magnitude of force
Products of electrolysis at anode and cathode 7.3 Application of Frictional Force
Ratio of products of electrolysis of water Existence of Frictional force in daily activities
5.3 Evaporation of water Characteristics of Frictional force
Process of evaporation Advantages/Disadvantages of friction
Factors affecting the rate of evaporation of water (4) Ways to increase/decrease friction
Applications of evaporation (2) 7.4 Application of Work
5.4 Solution and Solubility Definition of work done
Identify Solute, Solvent and Solution SI unit of work done
Comparing dilute, concentrated and saturated solutions Calculation of work done
Ways to Dissolve undissolved solutes in a saturated solution 7.5 Application of Power
Experiment - Comparing solution and suspension Definition of power
Factors affecting the solubility of a solute SI unit of power
Functions of various organic solvents Calculation of power
5.5 Acid and Alkali 7.6 Importance of Force in Life
Identify acids and alkalis Chapter 8 – Support &Movement
Characteristics of acids and alkalis 8.1 Support Systems in Animals
Application of acids and alkalis Characteristics of 3 types of support systems
Neutralisation Classification of animals with
Mixing solutions of different pH to get neutral solution Endoskeleton
Changes in colour of acid-base indicator Exoskeleton
Write chemical equation Hydrostatic skeleton
Determine the end-point of neutralisation Recognize parts of the Human Skeletal System (Pectoral, Pelvic)
5.6 Water Purification Compare and contrast support system of terrestrial and aquatic
Natural sources of water animals
Compare and contrast Methods of water purification Compare and contrast exoskeleton and hydrostatic skeleton of
Filtration Chlorination invertebrates
Boiling Distillation 8.2 Support Systems in Plants
5.7 Water Supply System Characteristics of support system of land plant
Water purification/treatment process (7) Classification of support system of land plants
5.8 Preservation of Water Quality Woody
Sources and effects of water pollutants Herbaceous
Chapter 6 –Air Pressure Compare and contrast support system of woody and
herbaceous plants
6.1 Air Pressure
Xylem of woody plants increase support
Formation of air pressure
Cell turgidity keeps herbaceous plants remain upright position
Experiment showing that air exerts pressure
Characteristics of support system of aquatic plants
Factors affecting air pressure
Compare and contrast support system of terrestrial and aquatic
Volume
plants
Temperature
Sea level Special support features in land plants
Experiment showing the increase/decrease in air pressure when Clasping roots Twining stems
volume/ temperature change Tendrils Buttress roots
Know the reason for why our ears feel painful at high altitude Thorns Prop roots
Prepared by Miss Wong Sook Yen

4. PMR Science Seminar
PusatTuisyen Universal, by Wong Sook Yen
Chapter 9 - Stability FORM 3
9.1 Stability Chapter 1 – Respiration
Determine the point of equilibrium of an object 1.1 HumanBreathingMechanism
Factors affecting the stability of an object 1.2 Transport of Oxygen in the Human Body
Base area 1.3 Importance of Healthy Respiratory System
Level of centre of gravity Chapter 2 – Blood Circulation and Transport
Mass 2.1 Transport System in the Human Body
9.2 Importance of Stability 2.2 Human Blood
Ways to improve stability of certain objects/design 2.3 Transport System in Plants
Increasing base area Chapter 3 – Excretion
Lowering centre of gravity 3.1 HumanExcretory System
Chapter 10 – Simple Machines 3.2 HumanUrinary System
10.1 Levers 3.3 Excretion in Plants
Identify Fulcrum, Load and Effort Chapter 4 – Reproduction
Identify 3 classes of levers 4.1 Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Compare and contrast 3 classes of levers 4.2 Male Reproductive System
Ways to overcome larger loads using the principle of levers 4.3 Female Reproductive System
Calculations using the principles of moments 4.4 Menstrual Cycle
4.5 Fertilisation and Pregnancy
4.6 Importance of Prenatal Care
4.7 Importance of Research in Human Reproduction
4.8 Sexual Reproductive System of Flowering Plants
4.9 Pollination
4.10 Development of Fruits and Seeds in Plants
4.11 Germination of Seeds
4.12 Vegetative Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Chapter 5 – Growth
5.1 Pattern of HumanGrowth
Chapter 6 – Land and ItsResources
6.1 VariousMineralsFound in the Earth’sCrust
6.2 ReactionsbetweenMetals and Non-metals
6.3 Silicon Compounds
6.4 Calcium Compounds
6.5 Natural Fuel Resources and Their Importance
Chapter 7 – Electricity
7.1 Electrostatics
7.2 Electricity
7.3 MeasuringElectricity
7.4 Relationship BetweenCurrent, Voltage and Resistance
7.5 Parellel and Series Circuits
7.6 Current, Voltage and Resistance in a Series Circuit
7.7 Current, Voltage and Resistance in a Parallel Circuit
7.8 Magnetism
7.9 Electromagnetism
Chapter 8 – Generation of Electricity
8.1 Generation of ElectricalEnergy
8.2 Transformers
8.3 Electrical Transmission and Distribution System
8.4 ElectricalSupply and Wiring System at Home
8.5 Cost of ElectricalEnergy Usage
8.6 Functions of the Fuse and EarthWire
8.7 SafetyPrecautionswhenUsingElectricity
8.8 Importance of ConservingElectricity
Chapter 9 – Stars and Galaxies
9.1 The Sun
9.2 Stars and Galaxies in the Universe
9.3 Existence of the Universe as a Gift fromGod
Chapter 10 – Space Exploration
10.1 Development in the Field of Astronomy and Space
Exploration
Prepared by Miss Wong Sook Yen