Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and structure. They can exist as elements like gold or silver or as compounds like oxides, carbonates, and silicates. Minerals form in two ways - elements exist freely in nature while compounds form through the combination of elements and minerals.

4. • Natural
• Solid
• Inorganic
• Definite chemical
composition
• Atoms are organized
in specific way

8. Inactive
Elements form Exist freely
Do not combine
with other
Minerals exists in elements
Active
Compounds form
Combination of
metals and non-
metals

10. Minerals are solid
elements or compounds
found naturally in the
earth crust
Natural Natural
elements compounds
Gold Silver Carbon Oxides Carbonates Silicates Sulphides
Iron Calcium Aluminium Iron
oxide carbonates silicates suphides

12. Cassiterite – Tin Oxide
Haematite – Iron Oxide
Bauxite – Aluminium Oxide

18. Galena – Lead Sulphide

30. All Oxides, Sulphides and Carbonates – Insoluble in water
(except Potassium and Sodium)

34. • Metal carbonates are unstable and break
down into metal oxides and carbon dioxide

36. • Very Stable
• Do not break down when heated
• Only change in colour
• Only silver oxide breaks down when heated
Silver oxide → Silver + Oxygen

37. • Break down when heated
• Metal sulphides break down into metal
oxide and sulphur dioxide gas when
heated.
Zinc sulphide → Zinc oxide + Sulphur dioxide

39. True or False
• Magnesium is more reactive metal than
calcium
• Copper is more reactive than iron
• Zinc carbonate becomes zinc oxide and
carbon dioxide gas is produced when heated
• Heating Magnesium sulphide produces
sulphur dioxide gas
• Burning silver oxide produces silver and
oxygen