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PLEIOTROPY
The document discusses the concept of pleiotropy, which is when a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits. It provides examples of pleiotropy, including phenylketonuria (PKU) where a single gene affects the ability to break down phenylalanine as well as mental retardation. Other examples given are the frizzled feather trait gene in chickens, sickle cell disease, the vestigial gene in fruit flies, and deafness associated with pigmentation in cats. The document concludes that Mendel's observations of traits being controlled by single genes was based on the phenomenon of pleiotropy.
