This document discusses polygenic disorders and recent research findings related to them. A key finding is that thousands of genes can influence most common diseases, not just a few core genes as previously thought. Researchers now believe that virtually any gene can have some effect on a disease, either directly or indirectly. This omnigenic model could help expand the targets for new medicines to treat disease. The document also discusses a study that found nearly 50% of differences in children's social mobility are due to genetic factors, not just their family's socioeconomic status.

1. POLYGENIC
DISORDERS
Valeria Torres Yepes.
Medicine Student.

2. POLYGENIC
DISORDERS
Valeria Torres.
Molecular Biology.
Teacher: Lina Martinez
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
• Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria.
Biologia Molecular. 7 ed. Medellin:
UPB. Fac. Medicina
• Stanford University Medical Center.
(2017, June 20). Thousands of
genes influence most diseases,
researchers report. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved September 27, 2017
from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20
17/06/170620140627.htm
• King's College London. (2017, July
17). Genes account for half of
differences in social mobility.
ScienceDaily. Retrieved September
27, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20
17/07/170717221044.htm
MEDICAL UTILITY
A lot of illnesses, it seems like everyday
appears a new one and sometimes it
medicine is not having or it’s poor in
medicines leading it to always send the
same ones for a lot of diseases. Some
of them have a great effect but in
others they don’t. And this
discoverment could help to expand
and create new medicines.
Also we are surrounded by a lot of
social problematics like discrimination
by social inequality (opportunities
specifically). That’s why our children
could be affected leading them to
suicide becoming a public health
problem.

3. I N T R O D U C T I O N
It’s a genetic disorder caused by
the action of more than one gen.
And they are going to be
influenced by different
environmental factors. This
disorders are very difficult to
study, because each disease has
many variabilities according to
the genes which are implicated
in determined disease.
This area of medicine has a lot
of investigation and many
things to discover according to
the prevention and treatment.
Genes account for half of
differences in social mobility
Thousands of genes influence
most diseases
Genes account for nearly 50 per cent of
the differences between whether children
are socially mobile or not, a new study
suggests.
What did they find?
This group of
researchers found
substantial genetic
influence on children’s
social mobility. Society
think children of studied
people have more
capacities but it doesn’t
Student’s opinion.
I consider that apart of a
clinical or patological
topic, this one is
important because it
goes to solve a social
problematic which is
turning to a very big
problem nowadays.
In a provocative new perspective piece,
researchers say that disease genes are spread
uniformly across the genome, not clustered in
specific molecular pathways, as has been
thought.
What did they find?
The gene activity of cells is so broadly
networked that virtually any gene can influence
disease. There are some genes who are
implicated directly and indirectly (basic and
peripheral genes).
Student’s opinion.
This investigation
contributes to expand
the objective of a lot
of medicines. Because
everything is focused
to the central genes
when peripheral genes
could be a great and
important point of
treatment and
consideration.

4. I N T R O D U C T I O N
DNA repair, any of several
mechanisms by which
a cell maintains the integrity of
its genetic code. DNA repair
ensures the survival of a species
by enabling parental DNA to be
inherited as faithfully as possible
by offspring. It also preserves
the health of an
individual. Mutations in the
genetic code can lead
to cancer and other genetic
diseases.
I N T R O D U C T I O N
It’s a genetic disorder caused by
the action of more than one gen.
And they are going to be
influenced by different
environmental factors. This
disorders are very difficult to
study, because each disease has
many variabilities according to
the genes which are implicated
in determined disease.
This area of medicine has a lot
of investigation and many
things to discover according to
prevention and treatment.
INTRODUCTION.
• Polygenic disease is caused
by multiple genetic variants
with low penetrance.
• Most common diaseases are
hypertension and coronary
artery disease.

5. Thousands of genes
influence most diseases,
researchers report.
2017, JUNE 20th
Regulation of DNA transcription in bacteria.
The survival of the cell is a question of timing.
Scientists have now identified the different
parts of this mechanism and introduced a
model of the process.
How do they know it?
The authors took some
members of the Bacillus
family where they
discovered it has some
health properties based on
DNA repair.
What did they find?
They found that in this kind
of bacterias one of their
regulatory elements is
riboswitch, and knowing
that it could be a potential
target for antiobiotics..
Student’s opinion.
Expanding the way of action
of riboswitch it gives to the
people kind of hope because
actually people are using
antiobiotics in a really bad
way creating too much
resistance to them, making
this infetions intractable.
Thousands of genes influence
most diseases.
In a provocative new perspective piece,
researchers say that disease genes are spread
uniformly across the genome, not clustered
in specific molecular pathways, as has been
thought.
What did they find?
The gene activity of cells is so broadly
networked that virtually any gene can influence
disease. There are some genes who are
implicated directly and indirectly (basic and
peripheral genes).
Student’s opinion.
This investigation
contributes to expand
the objective of alot of
medicines. Because
everything is focused
to the central genes
when peripheral
genes could be a
great and important
point of treatment
and consideration.

6. Thousands of genes influence most
diseases, researchers report.
POLYGENIC
MODEL
The researchers want to
change this term
because they discovered
that almost any gene
can influence diseases
and other complexes
traits.
OMNIGENIC
MODEL

7. Thousands of genes influence most
diseases, researchers report.
In any cell, there might be
50 to 100 core genes with
DIRECT effects on a given
trait., as well as easily
another 10.000 peripheral
genes that are expressed
in the same cell with
INDIRECT effects on the
same trait.

8. One of the goals of this
investigation is personalize
medicine. Everything have
to be related to predict the
peripheral gene-based risk
factors in individual
patients, guaranteeing a
“complete” studio of
genoma
Thousands of genes influence most
diseases, researchers report.

9. STUDENT OPINION.
This investigation contributes to
expand the objective of a lot of
medicines. Because everything is
focused to the central genes when
peripheral genes could be a great
and important point of treatment
and consideration. Also it can help
to expand the quantity of medicines
because everything could be more
directed to most specifics genes.
Thousands of genes influence most
diseases, researchers report.

10. Accessing DNA in the cell's powerhouse to treat
disease
For the first time, a synthetic compound has
been made that can bind to DNA in the cells'
energy powerhouses, suppressing a gene
associated with nerve and muscle disease.
What did they find?
This group of researchers
discovered some
compounds that can read
specific DNA sequences
inside living cells and
silence disease-causing
genes.
Student’s opinion.
This investigation sound
very good because this
kind of diseases are
affecting too many people
nowadays. And this
mechanism could help to
prevent this patologies and
increase the quality of life
because they are too much
common.
2017, JULY 17th
Genes account for half of
differences in social mobility
Genes account for nearly 50 per cent of
the differences between whether children
are socially mobile or not, a new study
suggests.
What did they find?
This group of
researchers found
substantial genetic
influence on children’s
social mobility. People
think that level of
education attitudes
depend of social status
but it does not.
Student’s opinion.
I consider that apart of a
clinical or patological
topic, this one is
important because it
goes to solve a social
problematic which is
turning to a very big
problema nowadays.
Genes account for half of
differences in social
mobility.

11. Genes account for half of differences in
social mobility.
Parents with higher levels of education think that they are more and
according to their social status their children have more opportunities and
always think they are superior to the others, because all is about social
condition and chances.

12. 4 Categories of families
1.
CHILDREN LEVEL A:
NO COMPLETED
FAMILY:
PROFESIONALS
2.
CHILDREN LEVEL A:
COMPLETED
FAMILY:
NO PROFESIONALS
3.
CHILDREN LEVEL
A: COMPLETED
FAMILY:
PROFESIONALS
4.
CHILDREN LEVEL A:
NO COMPLETED
FAMILY:
NO PROFESIONALS
Genes account for half of differences in
social mobility.

13. A kid who comes from a stable family (talking
about education) can not have more
opportunities than a guy who comes from
family where they parents dont have
proffesional formation. Because all of us have a
genetic component which allow people to have
a great formation.
Genes account for half of differences in
social mobility.

14. STUDENT OPINION.
Actually and long time ago the best
opportunities go to people and
children who are from “high class”
our society. And there are 2
consequences. The first one, is
people who is really good from
parents no proffesionals, they dont
have so much and good
opportunities as others. And the
second one, is that this situation has
been creating a very discriminative
atmosphere in our society and a lot
of prejudges,.
Genes account for half of differences in
social mobility.

15. MEDICAL UTILITY
A lot of illnesses, it seems like everyday
appears a new one and sometimes it
looks like medicine is not having or it’s
poor in medicines leading it to always
send the same ones for a lot of diseases
. Having a great effect in some ones but
not so good in the rest. And this
discoverment could help to expand
and create new medicines.
Also we are surrounded by a lot of
social problematics like discrimination
by social inequality (opportunities
specifically). That’s why our children
could be affected leading them to
suicide becoming a public health
problem.
MEDICAL UTILITY

16. Medical UtilityMEDICAL UTILITY
Knowing that there is a lot
of pheriperal genes having
some influence in some
patologies. It could be a
great chance for
pharmaceutical companies
to expand and create more
specific medicines, because
organism is creating a lot of
resistance to them.

17. If people don’t give the
same opportunities to
children, it doesn’t
matter if the family has
studies or not.
Kid with GOOD
opportunities
Kid with NO
opportunities is very
susceptible to fall into
drugs and bad habits
leading them to suicide
PUBLIC
HEALTH
PROBLEM
MEDICAL UTILITY

18. Medical Utility
According to the US National
Library of Medicine, it says that
bullying and situations which are
related to social discrimination are
leading our children to several cases
of depression and suicide. And it
becomes a problem of public health
because every year this percentage
of youth people is increasing. That’s
why this investigation contributes
to show to people from the
scientific component that we are
equal and everyone have the same
capacities to do something.
MEDICAL UTILITY

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria.
Biologia Molecular. 7 ed. Medellin:
UPB. Fac. Medicina
• Stanford University Medical
Center. (2017, June 20). Thousands
of genes influence most diseases,
researchers report. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved September 27, 2017
from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20
17/06/170620140627.htm
• King's College London. (2017, July
17). Genes account for half of
differences in social mobility.
ScienceDaily. Retrieved September
27, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20
17/07/170717221044.htm