Before going towards the solution we need to understand the problem. Composition of material on our surroundings, heir degradation time and their effect on environment.
A brief intro on Plastic pollution.
What is plastic pollution and how it effects us.
Whenever word plastic comes to our mind the first thing that strikes is HARMFUL!
So here is a little presentation to show how to convert that harmful thing into something innovative :)
ENJOY
Before going towards the solution we need to understand the problem. Composition of material on our surroundings, heir degradation time and their effect on environment.
A brief intro on Plastic pollution.
What is plastic pollution and how it effects us.
Whenever word plastic comes to our mind the first thing that strikes is HARMFUL!
So here is a little presentation to show how to convert that harmful thing into something innovative :)
ENJOY
Through my PhD at the University of Malta, I wanted to share what I learn with everyone about microplastics in the marine environment (what I do, generalities, techniques).
2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and WaterJoshua Amponsem
Plastic pollution is threatening life on land and life under water. The presentation shows the effects of plastics on life on land and life under water. Additionally, it shows simple steps on how to avoid Single-use plastics.
"Beat Plastic Pollution" is a presentation by Dr. Amrit Krishna Mitra, Assistant Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Singur Government College, West Bengal, India. In this presentation he discusses the chemistry & history of Plastics, its benefits etc., as well as the detrimental effects of plastic on the environment, and finally ways towards the resolution.
https://www.sciencesg.com/scientificity/beat-plastic-pollution/
the presentation is all about the management of an alarming topic plastic waste management its situation in globe and the the current business running. the amendment's and rules should be followed nor it would be an big issue if not been attention
Today plastic disposal is the major problem faced by the world,so in order to curb that pollution, it is our responsibility to use less plastics and recycle it.
Plastic pollution is a constant battle . The causes and effects are dangerous, do you know the solution?
#plastic #recycling #plasticpollution #pollution #environment
Beat Plastic Pollution: World Environment Day Aniruddha Guha
This year (2018) India was the host country for official celebrations of WED and escalating the issue of Plastic Pollution for creating required awareness was a matter of utmost importance. This presentation was designed keeping the same in mind. It raised three basic questions,
1) What is the Problem (Problem Definition)?
2) What are the adverse effects of Plastic Pollution?
3) What can we do to stop it?
While answering these questions during the flow of the presentation, the sad reality of Great Pacific Garbage Patch was also discussed. At the final stage, solutions were proposed following 4R concept, namely, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rebuy. The presentation concluded with a small video trailer titled “Albatross” (By Chris Jordan) which exhibited the tragic truth of Midway Island, one the most heart-breaking consequences of plastic pollution.
Plastic pollution is when plastic has gathered in an area and has begun to negatively impact the natural environment and create problems for plants, wildlife, and even the human population.
In total, half of all plastic produced is designed to be used only once — and then thrown away. Plastic waste is now so ubiquitous in the natural environment that scientists have even suggested it could serve as a geological indicator of the Anthropocene era.
Through my PhD at the University of Malta, I wanted to share what I learn with everyone about microplastics in the marine environment (what I do, generalities, techniques).
2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and WaterJoshua Amponsem
Plastic pollution is threatening life on land and life under water. The presentation shows the effects of plastics on life on land and life under water. Additionally, it shows simple steps on how to avoid Single-use plastics.
"Beat Plastic Pollution" is a presentation by Dr. Amrit Krishna Mitra, Assistant Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Singur Government College, West Bengal, India. In this presentation he discusses the chemistry & history of Plastics, its benefits etc., as well as the detrimental effects of plastic on the environment, and finally ways towards the resolution.
https://www.sciencesg.com/scientificity/beat-plastic-pollution/
the presentation is all about the management of an alarming topic plastic waste management its situation in globe and the the current business running. the amendment's and rules should be followed nor it would be an big issue if not been attention
Today plastic disposal is the major problem faced by the world,so in order to curb that pollution, it is our responsibility to use less plastics and recycle it.
Plastic pollution is a constant battle . The causes and effects are dangerous, do you know the solution?
#plastic #recycling #plasticpollution #pollution #environment
Beat Plastic Pollution: World Environment Day Aniruddha Guha
This year (2018) India was the host country for official celebrations of WED and escalating the issue of Plastic Pollution for creating required awareness was a matter of utmost importance. This presentation was designed keeping the same in mind. It raised three basic questions,
1) What is the Problem (Problem Definition)?
2) What are the adverse effects of Plastic Pollution?
3) What can we do to stop it?
While answering these questions during the flow of the presentation, the sad reality of Great Pacific Garbage Patch was also discussed. At the final stage, solutions were proposed following 4R concept, namely, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rebuy. The presentation concluded with a small video trailer titled “Albatross” (By Chris Jordan) which exhibited the tragic truth of Midway Island, one the most heart-breaking consequences of plastic pollution.
Plastic pollution is when plastic has gathered in an area and has begun to negatively impact the natural environment and create problems for plants, wildlife, and even the human population.
In total, half of all plastic produced is designed to be used only once — and then thrown away. Plastic waste is now so ubiquitous in the natural environment that scientists have even suggested it could serve as a geological indicator of the Anthropocene era.
Plastics are everywhere, in our home, school, work, playground, parks, and beaches. It is such a popular material because it is flexible, lightweight, moisture resistant, and inexpensive. Even if plastics are found deep inland, they eventually find their way to the sea or ocean through rivers and streams. The global consumption of plastic was 260 million tons in 2010. It is estimated to reach 297.5 million tons by 2017.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
Plastic pollution in Pakistan and its solutions
1. PLASTIC POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN
AND ITS SOLUTION
Presented to:
Dr. Javed Iqbal
Presented by:
Aiman Nisar
L1S16BSMR0013
2. A brief history of plastics
• Parkesine (1862) The first man-made plastic as alternative of rubber created
from part of the cell wall of plants (cellulose) it was transparent, moldable and less
expensive.
• Celluloid (1865) billiard balls and celluloid products such as bowls and combs
that imitated ivory and tortoiseshell and other more expensive materials, were
created.
3. A brief history of plastics
• Bakelite (1907) A totally synthetic plastic, Bakelite retained its shape and form
even under stress and heat. Bakelite jewelry, clocks and telephones became
popular.
• Vinyl (1920s) was developed to replace natural rubber. Vinyl is commonly used
for blood bags and in building and construction products including piping, roofing,
flooring and electrical cable insulation.
• “Plastic” (1930s) word started using.
4. A brief history of plastics
• Polyethylene (1930s) has become the most widely used plastic and is a mainstay of
modern packaging: beverage bottles, milk jugs, bags, food storage containers and more.
• Polyvinylidene Chloride (1933) was initially used to protect military equipment
against saltwater. Since it clings to nearly anything and forms an oxygen barrier, it was
introduced as a film for food packaging.
• Nylon (1939) rapidly replaced silk in clothing and military applications during World War
II.
5. A brief history of plastics
• Polystyrene (1954) Polystyrene foam went on to be used in lightweight
protective packaging, buoys/docks, movie sets, takeout containers and more.
6.
7. Why were plastic created?
• Since its inception, plastic enabled countless advances in our industry and way of
the life.
• Created to be light, durable, chemically resistant, non-reactive to outside
influences, and easy to manufacture, plastic was a perfect building material for
countless articles to be used in daily affairs and in industries plus labs.
9. Negative Impact Of Plastic On Environment
• Durability (400 to 1000 years)
Plastic is artificially created polymer compound which can survive many centuries
before nature is able to degrade it.
This troublesome ability of plastic and its continuous dumping into seas and land
will eventually create problems for future generations.
Even with all this durability, plastic products cannot be used as a basic building
block for everything we need.
• Environmental harm
Waste plastic will continue to clog our waterways, oceans, forests, and other
natural habitats. 88% of plastic pollution is present in oceans. Seven billion tons is
stuck on Earth as garbage in landfills.
10. Negative Impact Of Plastic On Environment
• Chemical Risk
Some of the additives that are infused in plastic can cause permanent harm to our
metabolism.
Chemicals such as phthalates and BPA (are widely used as an additive that
prevents degrading of plastic structure) are
1. Toxic for reproduction interfere with our natural hormone levels which can
cause serious problems to both males and females (lower testosterone levels in
men, and premature girl puberty).
11. Negative Impact Of Plastic On Environment
1. Carcinogenic and mutagenic in large doses and can increase your risk of breast
and prostate cancer and heart disease, among other diseases.
• Choking Hazards in case of babies and toddlers that unknowingly put toys in
their mouth. Plastic bags mistakenly eaten by turtles (as jellyfish) block their gut,
hence leading to death.
12. Negative Impact Of Plastic On Environment
• Release of harmful gases when plastic items can’t tolerate high temperatures
and releases harmful gases (at high temp.) which cause pollution. These include
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), and polycyclic
organic matter (POMs - a solid residue leftover).
13. Plastic in Pakistan
• Plastic industry is growing at the rate of 15% a year in Pakistan.
• Today plastics material constitutes as the fourth largest item of
imports. In the year 2017, plastic scraps imports jumped over a
staggering 200% to 46,992 mt compared to 13,682 mt in 2016.
• Imported plastic scrap contains higher amounts of contamination
residuals, pest dumps, germs and infections, pesticides and food
particles among many other harmful chemicals and additives.
• In Pakistan, almost every imported material goes unchecked.
14. Plastic in Pakistan
• Today, 250 million tones of garbage in Pakistan primarily consists of
plastics.
• In landfills, leachate is released from time to time, polluting water.
• WWF-Pakistan studies revealed that 65% percent of garbage that
littered beaches along Pakistan’s coast consists of plastics.
• When eight million tones of plastic ends up in the world’s oceans
every year, 10 world rivers carry 90% of that plastic in which Pakistan’s
Indus river is on 2nd position.
15. Spot-tail shark entangled in a polythene bag
Olive ridley turtle fully entangled in this
Polypropylene bag
16.
17.
18.
19.
20. 10. Recycle
• 36 companies are currently recycling plastic in Pakistan but still only
14% of total plastic is recycled.
• Remaining 86% ends up in landfills and rivers.
• Recycling helps in reusing older products but harmful gases like Carbon
dioxide and methane are released.
21. 11. Support ban on Plastic by government
• In Balochistan, which supposedly already announced such a ban, but
implementation seems non-existent.
• The Sindh government, which had also announced such a ban but has
since forgotten about it.
24. 13. Use of biodegradable bags
• Biodegradable means “capable of being decomposed by bacteria or
other living organisms and thereby avoiding pollution”.
• Biodegradable plastics made from traditional petrochemicals, which
are engineered to break down more quickly.
• Bioplastics made from natural materials such as corn starch.
25. 13. Use of biodegradable bags
• Under the country's Prohibition of Non-degradable Plastic Products
Regulations 2013, degradable plastics were to replace all plastic items
• The fact that no study has been conducted in Pakistan to know
precisely how the gases and residues released from a decomposing
bio-degradable plastic impacts on the environment, food items and
human health, helps the companies to show reluctance.
• “We do not know how the ingredients of the degradable plastics react
with packaged food. The ingredients could reduce shelf-life of food
items,” said a representative of Nestlé explaining why degradable
plastics are not gaining favor in the food industry.
26. 14. Edible cutlery as an alternative to plastic
cutlery
• Narayana Peesapati has been developing Bakey’s Edible Cutlery since
2010 in Hyderabad, India.
• It is made from a mix of jowar
(sorghum), rice and wheat flour.
• Eat With It And Then Eat It.
27. Do it yourself, spread the word and make
Pakistan PLASTIC FREE.
