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plant-reproduction.ppt
- 2. ClickBiology ClickBiology Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 4. ClickBiology ClickBiology Complete the functions table by clicking on the labels to discover their functions stigma style ovary ovule carpel anther filament stamen petal sepal receptacle peduncle Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 5. ClickBiology ClickBiology Flower Structure Quiz • What is the name of the structure labelled X in the diagram? sepal stamen peduncle carpel X Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 6. ClickBiology ClickBiology Flower Structure Quiz • Where is pollen made? stigma sepal anther ovary Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 7. ClickBiology ClickBiology Flower Structure Quiz • Where is the ovule found in a flower? petals style nectary ovary Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 8. ClickBiology ClickBiology Flower Structure Quiz • Which parts of the flower are labelled below: X = filament, Y = anther X Y X = stigma, Y = style X = anther, Y = filament X = style, Y = stigma Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 9. ClickBiology ClickBiology Pollination The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete) Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 10. ClickBiology ClickBiology Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma • This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click to view the animation
- 11. ClickBiology ClickBiology Pollen can be carried between flowers by animals or by wind Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 12. ClickBiology ClickBiology Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract insects to them to enable transfer of pollen Sticky stigma to collect pollen Brightly coloured petals nectar and a scent present Pollen has barbs for hooking onto insect fur Anthers positioned to rub pollen onto insects Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 13. ClickBiology ClickBiology Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure because they do not have to attract insects to them but do need to be exposed to the wind. Petals are small and green as there is no need to attract insects Stigma are feathery to catch pollen carried on wind Anthers are exposed to the wind so that pollen can easily be blown away Pollen grains are very small and light. They occur in very large numbers No scent or nectary Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 14. ClickBiology ClickBiology Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower • Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces variation • Click to show animation of self- pollination Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 15. ClickBiology ClickBiology Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either having stigma above stamen or… Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 16. ClickBiology ClickBiology …by having stamen and stigma mature at different times. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 17. ClickBiology ClickBiology • Watch this video on plant pollination
- 18. ClickBiology ClickBiology Pollination Quiz • Pollination is the transfer from….? the stigma to anther style to stamen anther to stigma ovule to filament Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer
- 19. ClickBiology ClickBiology Pollination Quiz • The two mechanisms for pollination are? Wind and water Animal and water Animal and wind Wind and birds Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 20. ClickBiology ClickBiology Pollination Quiz • Cross-pollination… Increases variation Decreases variation Is only performed by wind Is only performed by insects Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 21. ClickBiology ClickBiology Pollination Quiz • Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by… Having feathery stigmas Having a nectary Having bright petals and a scent Having sticky stigmas Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 22. ClickBiology ClickBiology Fertilization and Fruit Development Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 23. ClickBiology ClickBiology Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test stigma style ovary ovule carpel Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram Click to view the animation
- 24. ClickBiology ClickBiology Fertilization occurs when the male gamete fuses with the ovule (the female gamete) Complete the fertilization section of the worksheet (you will need to refer to your text book) Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click to view the animation
- 25. ClickBiology ClickBiology Seed Dispersal Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 26. ClickBiology ClickBiology After fertilization the petals, stamen and sepals fall off. The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilized egg inside develops into an embryo plant. Testa: tough seed coat Micropyle: Hole made by pollen tube Embryo plant Cotyledon: Food store Plumule: Embryo shoot Radicle: Embryo root Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 27. ClickBiology ClickBiology Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes dormant because metabolic reactions stop. The ovary develops to become a fruit. seed Fleshy wall of the ovary (yes, you are eating an adapted ovary when you crunch into an apple! Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 28. ClickBiology ClickBiology Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant in order to reduce competition for space, light, nutrients and water. • Seeds can be dispersed by: • Wind • Water • Mechanical • Animals Fill in the worksheet on the reasons and mechanisms for seed dispersal
- 29. ClickBiology ClickBiology Seed dispersal quiz • Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture mechanical wind animal water Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer
- 30. ClickBiology ClickBiology Seed dispersal quiz • Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture water animal wind mechanical Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer
- 31. ClickBiology ClickBiology Seed dispersal quiz • Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture wind mechanical animal water Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer
- 32. ClickBiology ClickBiology Seed dispersal quiz • Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture mechanical animal wind water Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer
- 33. ClickBiology ClickBiology Germination Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 34. ClickBiology ClickBiology Water enters the seed through the micropyle and activates enzymes. The water also softens the testa to allow it to split. Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test The seed contains the embryo plant and cotyledons (starch stores) Plumule (embryo shoot) Radicle (embryo root) Micropyle Testa Cotyledon Label the diagram of the seed
- 35. ClickBiology ClickBiology Enzymes are used in seed germination starch embryo plant amylase secreted maltose The enzymes break starch down into maltose and then glucose. The glucose is used in respiration to provide energy for growth Plumule Radicle This is the first part to grow out of the seed as it needs to absorb more water Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
- 36. ClickBiology ClickBiology Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in the cotyledon to provide energy for growth Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test light soil germination Plant growth and development The seedling can now photosynthesise and make its own food
- 37. ClickBiology ClickBiology Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed: Seed loses weight as it uses up starch stores in the cotyledons as the seedling cannot photosynthesise yet Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test Days Dry mass/g Dry mass is the mass of solid matter with all water removed Weight increases as the seedling can photosynthesise and plant grows Answer the question on the worksheet Click to listen to an explanation
- 38. ClickBiology ClickBiology Conditions required for germination Summarise the findings of the experiment shown below: Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test 4oC A moist moist moist moist dry Warm B Warm C Warm D Warm E Oxygen present Oxygen present Oxygen present Oxygen present No oxygen No light Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen) Click to listen to an explanation