Stem cells have two key properties: differentiation and self-renewal. They can proliferate indefinitely and give rise to specialized cell types. Plant stem cells, including embryonic and adult cells, exhibit totipotency and can regenerate a whole plant. Stem cells are found in plant shoot and root apical meristems. Signals from surrounding cells maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated state. Plant stem cells can be used to stimulate human stem cell growth, increase longevity, and protect against environmental damage and aging. Alpine rose contains compounds that support the skin barrier through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

1. GOWTHAMI R

2.  Characterized by two unique properties :
Differentiation – capacity to differentiate into
other cell types
Self-renewal – ability to go through
numerous cycles & cell divisions while maintaining the undifferentiated
state
Stem cells ….
Any cell that can proliferate in an undifferentiated state and can give rise
to differentiated cell or tissue types . Cells with the ability to divide for
indefinite periods in culture & can give rise to specialized cells or tissues

3. • Multipotent: ability of a single stem cell to develop into
more than one cell type of the (plant) body.
• Pluripotent: ability of a single stem cell to give rise to most
but not all the various cell types that make up the body.
• Totipotent: a totipotent stem cell can give rise to all the cell
types that make up the body. Totipotency is the property of
a cell whereby it retains the potential of developing into a
complete adult organism. The ability of a cell to proceed
through all the stages of development and, thus, to produce
a whole adult organism.
• Unipotent: a stem cell able to develop only one cell or tissue
type.

4. • Unlike humans, each plant-derived stem cell
(including embryonic & adult), exhibit totipotency (a
dedifferentiation process ) i.e., the potency to
regenerate into a whole plant
Unlike humans, each plant-derived stem cell (including
embryonic & adult), exhibit totipotency (a dedifferentiation
process ) i.e., the potency to regenerate into a whole plant

5. Plants stem cells
TYPES
1. Shoot apical meristem
2. Root apical meristem

6. Fig. Classical concept : Plant body is a product of founder cells (stem cells) located in
apical meristems. During zygotic embryogenesis, plants generate the pluripotent stem
cells (blue)
Extended concept : Somatic cells induced by various signals (stress related /
ecortype expression) to form single totipotent embryogenic stem cells that can
proliferate invitro giving rise to the plant body (SAM & RAM)

7. Stem cell maintenance
• The cells surrounding plant stem cell niches
located in the meristems provide signals to
maintain the stem cells in a undifferentiated
state

8. • QC cells express WUS
transcription factor essential
for maintaining the stem cell
pool
• SAM stem cells express the
CLV3 gene, and the secreted
CLV3 protein counteracts
WUS activity
• CLV3 with CLV1 and CLV2
genes. Three CLV genes - in
a feedback loop - restrict
stem cell proliferation
Stem cell maintenance …

9. Types of human stem cells
• Embryonic stem cells found in blastocysts can grow and differentiate into
one of the more than 220 different cell types which make up the human
body
• Adult stem cells located in some adult tissues can only differentiate into
their own or related cell types. These cells act as a repair system for the
body but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs such
as blood, skin or intestinal tissues
• In the cosmetic field, scientists are focusing their research on adult stem
cells located in the skin. They are studying the potential of this type of
cells, their functioning and aging. These researches will help to
understand how to protect skin stem cells

10. Skin Barrier is Controlled by Epidermal Stem Cells
• The epidermis protects the organism from the environment
and external stress
• To perform this barrier function, the epidermis undergoes
constant maintenance, renewal and repair
• This process is ensured by essential cells, the adult
epidermal stem cells which are located in the basal layer, the
deepest layer of the epidermis

11. Role of Epidermal Stem Cells in the Skin Barrier
Function

12. Environment and Aging Compromise the Skin Barrier
• Low temperatures, low humidity and abrupt environmental
changes impair the skin barrier
• With age, the skin renewal is slowed down and the production of
key barrier lipids is reduced
• stem cells from older donors have been found to be less effective
than those from younger ones
• Thus, both environmental factors and aging make , the skin
becomes more susceptible to environmental stress
• This results in a drier skin, wrinkling and accelerated aging

13. Skin stem cell properties
Differentiation - the capacity to differentiate
into other cell types of the same tissue
Self-renewal - the ability to go through
numerous cycles and cell divisions while
maintaining the undifferentiated state
Primary roles - replenish dying cells and
regenerate damaged tissues

14. Stem Cells and Aging
 Stem cells have a limited life expectation
 Environmental and intrinsic stress factors effect
stem cells
 In aged skin the number and activity of stem cells is
reduced
 Skin stem cells have to be protected and supported
todelay preliminary aging

16. Isolation of leontopodic acids A and B. Product has strong
anti-collagenase and hyaluronidase activity, and helps to
limit the degradation of important macromolecules in the
skin.

17. Black Currant : Ribes nigrum
Family: Grossulariaceae
• Parts be used for plant stem cell
therapy Buds
• A natural cortisone present in
blackcurrants plant so it helps
Adrenal stimulant which awakens
all bodily functions.
• Helps in maintaining
cardiovascular health, ageing and
brain health, urinary tract health
and healthy vision.
(Halverson et.al 2002)

18. Walnut : Juglans regia
Family: Juglandaceae
• This bud is a for Diabetes by
normalizing the enzymes and
insulin production also the
secretion of pancreatic juice.
• Antiviral to Hepatitis C,
Antibiotic (anti-streptococcus)
• Stimulates the production of
immunoglobulin.
(Said O, Fulder 2007)

19. Oriental Plane Tree – Platanus orientalis
Family: Platanaceae
• Buds
• Kaempferol can help to fight
cancer because it reduces the
resistance of cancer cells to
anti-cancer drugs such as
vinblastine and paclitaxel.
Mitrocotsa et al., 1999

20. Yew tree -Taxus baccata
Family :Taxaceae
• Grown stem cells from a yew tree
whose bark is a natural source of the
anticancer compound paclitaxel.
• Taxol is an important treatment for
ovarian , lung cancer, head and neck
cancer, renal, prostrate, colon, cervix,
gastric and pancreatic cancers. Catriona
Kelly(2010)

21. Fig – Ficus carica
Family: Moraceae
• Part Used: Buds
• Ficin is helpful in producing
digestive gastric juices, and
people with a shortage of
gastric juices or suffering
from indigestion

22. Olive – Olea Europaea
Family: Oleaceae
• Young Shoots
• The antioxidants
phytochemicals
Hydroxytyrosol and
Oleuropen.
• Lowers blood pressure and
thereby helps prevent angina.
• Protects them against UV
induced skin damage and
inhibits colon carcinoma.
Juan and Wenzel, 2006

23. Centella asiatica

24. Leontopodium alpinum

26. Plants Parts be used Phytochemical
Constituents
Uses in stem cell
therapy
Beech – Fagus
sylvatica Buds
3-O-( -D-
xylopyranosyl)
taxifolin, 4-
(acetoxymethyl)
phenyl- -D-
glucopyranoside,
Reduces Cholesterol,
Hepatitis A-B & C,
diabetes mellitus
Raspberry – Rubus
idaeus
Young Shoots Alpha-Tocopherol,
Geraniol,
Kaempferol,
Quercetin
anti-carcinogen
against cancer
Wayfaring Tree –
Viburnum lantana
Buds Viburnine, Vicianose,
Vibsanin O.
Asthmatic, Inhibits
the bronchospasm
cough
Bilberry – Vaccinium
myrtillus Young shoots
Anthocyanidins,
Arbutin, Asperuloside,
Astragalin, , Beta-
Amyrin, Beta-
Carotene,
Caryophyllene,
glaucoma, cataracts,
prevent urinary tract
infections
http://plantstemcells.wikispaces.com

27. Intestines:
Cowberry young shoots (Vaccinium vitis idaea)
European Alder buds (Alnus glutinosa)
Fig buds (Ficus carica)
Rosemary young shoots (Rosmarinus officinalis)
Kidney:
White birch rootlets (Betula pubescens)
Juniper young shoots (Juniperus communis)
Silver Birch sap (Betula verrucosa)
Horsetail young shoots (Equisetum arvense)
Bladder:
Cowberry young shoots (Vaccinium vitis idaea)
Horsetail young shoots (Equisetum arvense)

28. Skin:
Elm buds (Ulmus campestris)
Cedar of Lebanon young shoots (Cedrus Libani)
Horsetail young shoots (Equisetum arvense)
Lungs:
Wayfaring tree buds (Viburnum lantana)
Hazel buds (Corylus avellana)
Lymphatics:
Sweet Chestnut buds (Castanea vesca)
Silver Birch sap (Betula verrucosa)
Crab apple buds (Malus sylvestris)

29. Liver:
Rosemary young shoots (Rosmarinus officinalis)
Juniper young shoots (Juniperus communis)
Stomach:
Fig buds (Ficus carica)
European alder buds (Alnus glutinosa)
Pancreas:
Walnut buds (Juglans regia)
Linden tree buds (Tilia tomentosa)
Fig buds (Ficus carica)
Heart:
Hawthorn buds (Crataegus oxycantha)
Dogwood buds (Cornus sanguinea)
Lilac buds (Syringa vulgaris)

31. Applications of plant Stem cells in Cosmetics
• Stimulate human stem cell growth.
• Maintains the self renewal capacity of stem cells.
• Increases longevity of human skin stem cells.
• Delays senescence of essential cells.
• Combat chronological aging.
• Preserve the youthful look and the vitality of skin .
• Protect stem cells from death due to UV
overexposure.
• Protects human skin stem cells from stress, thus
decreasing wrinkles and producing younger,
fresher-looking skin.

32. • Stem cells of an old apple cultivar - applying
plant cell culture technique.
• The extract shown to enhance the viability of
umbilical cord blood stem cells,
To reverse senescence signs in human
fibroblast cells
To increase lifespan of isolated human hair
follicles.
• PhytoCellTech™ Malus Domestica, a
cosmetic ingredient based on encapsulated
extract of cultured apple stem cells, was
tested in a clinical trial over 4 weeks with 20
subjects.
• This new ingredient was found to

35. Alpine rose Rhododendron ferrugineum
• Evergreen plant which
grows at high altitudes
(2000 m) in the Alps
• Its leaves have adapted
to cold and dryness
• Recommended use
level: 0.4 – 1%

36. Protective Compounds to Support Skin Barrier
• polyphenolic compounds
• antioxidant
• radical scavenging properties
• presence of hyperoside, myricetin, kaempferol, quercetin
and taxifolin.
• anti-inflammatory effects

37. Phytocelltec™ Alp Rose to Enhance the Skin Barrier
• PhytoCellTec™ Alp Rose is a powder based of the stem
cells of alpine rose leaves.
• Its leaves have adapted to cold, dryness and UV, so that
it can resist these harsh environmental conditions and
fast changes
• Contain special epigenetic factors and metabolites
which are able to preserve the human skin stem cells
function

38. PhytoCellTec™ Alp Rose Process
Wounding of plant leaf to induce callus formation
▼
Harvesting of developed callus on solid media
▼
Cultivation until complete dedifferentiation to obtain stem cells
▼
Transfer of the stem cells into a suspension (liquid media)
▼
Adaptation to cold
▼
Disruption of the stem cells wall and encapsulation
of their content into liposome (Liposomal extract)
Preparation of
the Alp Rose
stem cells
Exposure to low temperatures
Preparation of
PhytoCellTec™
Alp Rose

39. Mechanism of PhytoCellTec™ Alp Rose

40. Claim Ideas for PhytoCellTec™ Alp Rose
• Maintenance and protection of epidermal stem cell function
• Protection of the skin against harsh environmental conditions
• Protection of the skin barrier
• Anti-wrinkle effect

42. Protect Skin Stem Cells against UV-induced Aging
• UV radiation is responsible for 80 % of face aging
• Despite the use of sun filters, toxins and oxidants are generated
by UV in the skin
• It affects the most sensitive cells like epidermal stem cells
• PhytoCellTec™ Solar Vitis is based on the stem cells of the Gamay
Teinturier Freaux grape. its red flesh and juice due to the
extremely high anthocyanin content
• Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and free radical
scavengers. They act as a “sunscreen“ by absorbing UV radiation

43. Skin Stem Cells and UV Stress

44. PhytoCellTec™ Solar Vitis against UV stress
• The epidermal stem cells were
treated with and without the Solar
Vitis stem cell extract.
• One part of the cells were exposed to
UVA+UVB-light at 450 kJ/m2 and
another part is not exposed to UV
• The Capacity to Form a Colony (CFE)
was determined

46. PhytoCellTec™ Malus domestica
• A rare Swiss apple (Uttwiler spatlauber) is an endangered apple variety
with excellent storability
• Various studies demonstrated its age delaying and anti-wrinkle effects
• Recommended concentrations: 2 – 5 %
• Protects longevity of skin stem cells
• Delays senescence of essential cells
• Combats chronological aging
• Preserves the youthful look and the vitality of your skin

47. Anti-Wrinkle Effect
• An emulsion containing 2% of PhytoCellTec™ Malus
Domestica was applied twice daily for 28 days to the
crow’s feet
• Wrinkle depth was determined by means of PRIMOS
(phase-shifting rapid in vivo measurement of skin)
• Results showed a significant and visible decrease in
wrinkle depth for 100 % of the subjects

48. Anti-wrinkle effect

49. Plant stem cell products
STEM CELL ACTIVATOR
with 20% Plant Stem Cells
It’s all about PERCENTAGE
It’s all about SYNERGY
PhytoCellTec Malus Domestica (Swiss Apple) -
20% Plant Stem Cells
+Phytosteron - Wild Yam and Soy Bean
Sterols

50. Plant stem cell cream
Lancome Paris Absolue Precious Cells
Advanced Regenerating and
Reconstructing Cream SPF15
Amore Pacific IOPE Plant Stem Cell Skin
Renewal Eye Cream
Price: $150 Price: $60

51. Plant stem cell cream
emerginC protocell bio-active
stem cell face cream.
Price: $90
Serious Skin Care Replicate Renew Plant Stem Cell
Double Power Concentrate
Price: $46.50

52. Biotechnological Applications of Plant Stem
Cells
• Micropropagation is one of the first major
areas benefited by advances in stemcell
research.
• Stemcell biology can help in the isolation of
critical mass of stem cell explant and
meristem for virus free clones and multiply
faster.

53. Cont…..
• Germplasm conservation of important
species, endangered species and
commercially exploitable species can be
visualized by this stemcell research.
• Identification and utilization of vigorous
planting material in elite cultivars may be
aided.

54. Advantage of PSC
Biodiversity
Eco-
friendly
• Very little water
used for culture
Consumer
Safety
• No pesticides,
herbicides
• No heavy metals
• No genetic
modification