Planning to Governance. An insightful presentation by Ar.Kiran Avadhanula, Alumni, Andhra University, Department of Architecture (batch of 1996-2001)

1. K I R A N K U M A R A V A D H A N U L A
( B A T C H O F 1 9 9 6 - 2 0 0 1 )
Planning to Governance
the key imperative

2. What Are We?
 Architects
 Urban designers
 Urban Planners
 Specialists in other fields
 Teachers
 Or otherwise…

3. What do we do?
Source: newberytoday.co.uk, pashminadevelopers, 3dwalkthrough.com,

4. Interiors!
Source: hdwallpaperdesigns.com

5. Furniture!
Source: avadiinfo.com, arcahouse.com

6. details
Source: liluinteriors.com, vangviet.com

7. Is this it? Or do we have more to offer?

8. We are here!

9. Of course, as part of this building!
Source: Booking.com

10. Which is here!
Source: Google Maps

11. In this locality!
Source: Google Maps

12. In this city!
Source: Google Ma

13. In this country!
Source: Google Maps

14. Part of this hemisphere!
Source: Google Maps

15. Of course this Planet!
Source: laughingplanetcare.com

16. As part of solar system!

17. Galaxy!
Source: Wiki commons

18. Okay may be that went too far!

19. Lets step back to where we are!

20. What is this all to do with us?
 Architects profession is a noble one and there is a lot more
responsibility on us than others
 The spaces we create or help create influence the mind set
of people
 More and more – Architects are getting into interiors - not
that it is bad or anything.
 But, one need to be concerned about “built environments”
– which I think is missing! (purely personal view)
 Architects have to look at the Big Picture – as they say!

21. Scope of Work of ‘Architect’
Council of Architecture, India definition
 Taking Client's instructions and preparation of design brief.
 Site evaluation, analysis and impact of existing and / or
proposed development on its immediate environs and
Design and site development, Structural design.
 Sanitary, plumbing, drainage, water supply and sewerage
design. Electrical, electronic, communication systems and
design. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design
(HVAC) and other mechanical systems. Elevators,
escalators, etc., Fire safety
 If need be, Landscape, interiors, conservation, retrofitting ,
graphic design and signage as allied fields

22. Realty of the rich!
Source: makaan.com, wiki commons, RG Luxury homes, Ireo

23. Reality of the poor!
Source: Vuda, APHB, The Hindu, GoAP, commonfloor.com

24. Are we doing justice?
 There is a need for all of us to introspect!
 We should not just read the writing on the “slate”
Source: itlever.com, izquiz.com

25. Snap Quiz!
Source: Flickr.com

26. Lets take a detour!

27. Urban India
 Urbanization is an undisputed driver of the process of
economic growth.
 The number of towns and the absolute urban population in
India has increased steadily over the last 60 years.
 Share of urban population has grown from 17.3% in 1951 to
31.16% in 2011. (over 50% according to other definitions)
 With less than 1/3 of the population, its urban areas
generate over 2/3 of the country’s GDP and account for
90% of government revenues.

28. Urban Future
2nd Largest
Urban System
In the World
377 million people
7,935 cities & towns
as per Census 2011
62.4 78.9 109
159
217
285
372
473
583
700
820
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051
Population(Millions)

29. Critical issues
 Urbanization characterized by lack of proper and strategic
planning
 Proliferation of slums (65.73 million or 17.43% of urban
population.)
 Informal settlements occupy one-third of the large city
spaces in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai.
 Slum rehabilitation has been a challenge – 25 yrs efforts
have created less than 2.5 million dwellings (annual
addition of housing in India 2001-11 – 2.69m)
 The Constitution of India regards the right to shelter as a
fundamental right.

30. Bright Picture!
 As per NCAER Report for MoHUPA, the construction
sector accounts for
 11.39% of the total output of the economy
 8.2% of GDP
 11.52% of the employment
 Construction sector is second largest employment
generating sector.
 Housing sector is fourth largest employment generating
sector.
 Its labour to output ratio i.e. number of persons employed
to produce a lakh units of output, is 2.34 and is the highest
among all the sectors.

31. Bright Picture!
 For every lakh invested in the housing sector, 4.06 new jobs
are created in the economy.
 For every investment of Rs 100 in the housing sector, the
household income increases by Rs.0.76.
 Every additional rupee invested in the housing sector will
add Rs. 2.84 to the GDP
 For every rupee invested in creation of housing, Rs. 0.12
gets collected as indirect taxes.
 It is estimated that Indian Real Estate market has a size of
approximately US$ 78.5 Billion (2013) and this is likely to
grow to US$ 140 by 2017 (DIPP, GoI)

32. Government Initiatives
 Direct and indirect tax concessions to the home buyers and
developers
 Interest subvention schemes
 Inclusion of “Housing” in Priority Sector Lending -–
increase share from 3% in 1999 to 10% in 2013 in GBC.
 Creation of Credit Risk Guarantee Fund
 Operationalization of Urban Housing Fund Refinance
 Allowing FDI in real estate projects through the automatic
route.
 Opening up of ECB for affordable housing projects
 Inclusion of Slum Development under CSR activities

33. Government Initiatives
 Tax free bonds by HUDCO and NHB
 Mission for Low Cost Affordable Housing to be anchored
with NHB
 Draft Model State Affordable Housing Policy has been
prepared and circulated to States for their comments
 Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2013,
introduced in Parliament in August 2013 and is soon to be
legislated.
 Now “Housing for All”

34. GoI Schemes (MoHUPA)
Mo HUPA
JNNURM
BSUP
IHSDP
NULM
Skill and
employment
Shelter for Urban
Homeless
Scheme for
Street Vendors
ILCSRAY
AHP
RRY

35. State Government
 Land and colonization are State Subjects
 State Govt schemes like
 Indiramma (AP),
 Namma Mane (Karnataka),
 Sahabhagita Awas Yojana (Rajasthan),
 Kanshi Ram Housing Scheme (UP),
 Slum Rehabilitation Scheme (Mah)
 Atal AwasYojana (CG)
 Now, Gujarat Housing Mission
and other States are facilitating creation of housing stock.

36. Yet, Housing Shortage: ~2 crore dwellings
EWS 10.55 m.
56%
LIG 7.41 m.
40%
MIG & Above 0.82
m.
4%
Urban Housing Shortage in Millions
IRONY! As per Census 2011, 11 million
dwellings are vacant

37. Are we equipped?

38. Skilled Manpower Gap
As per NSDC:
 India’s real estate sector continues to struggle with
manpower shortage.
 Human resource and skill requirement will be 83.27 million
people by 2022
 Real Estate (including Housing) will need 30% of the
projected human resources (~25 million)
 Allied infrastructure incl. planning accounts to 87% of the
projected human resources (~72 million).
 Do we really have “skilled masons” to execute the great
designs that we create? Are we really proud of the quality?

39. Requirements of Architects
As per CoA and Business Standard
 Total colleges : ~380 (around 180, in 2010)
 Total intake: 15000 (~3000/annum, in 2010)
 Total registered Architects: ~50,000
 Requirement:
 0.5 million (may be outdated)
 Availability:
 ~5500/10 million (may be outdated)
Source: http://www.sify.com/news/india-faces-large-shortage-of-
architects-news-national-kkeekdiiifhsi.html

40. Requirements of urban planners
 Need not be elaborated – 20 colleges – avg intake of
25/batch – say 25 disciplines : 625
+25 (from ITPI exam)
No wonder there is Drain!
Source: ITPI

41. But are architects really required?
http://www.posts.architecturelive.in/category/indian-architects/

42. What are all the planners doing?
 Question: what is the total number of cities in India?
 A:
 Question: how many of these cities are planned?
 A:
 Question: if so…?
 A:
 Question: what are …?
 A:

43. Constitutional Amendment
1) Urban Planning including town planning;
2) Regulation of land use and construction of
buildings;
3) Planning for economic and social
development;
4) Roads and bridges;
5) Water Supply for domestic, industrial and
commercial purposes;
6) Public health, sanitation, conservancy and
Solid Waste Management;
7) Fire services;
8) Urban forestry, protection of the
environment and promotion of ecological
aspects;
9) Safeguarding the interests of weaker
sections of society, including the handicapped
and the mentally retarded;
10) Slum improvement and upgradation;
11) Urban Poverty Alleviation;
12) Provision of urban amenities and facilities
such as parks, gardens and play grounds;
13) Promotion of cultural, educational and
aesthetic aspects;
14) Burials and burial grounds, cremations,
cremation ghats/grounds, and electric
crematoria;
15) Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to
animals;
16) Vital statistics including registration of
birth and deaths;
17) Public amenities including street lighting,
parking lots, bus stops and public
conveniences;
18) Regulation of slaughter houses and
tanneries.

44. Role of Architects
 Yes, one needs clients that can pay – but the ‘social’
responsibility of Architect is not limited to the ‘rich’ or who
can pay
 Architects can contribute to
 Designs and layouts for GoI/State Govt housing schemes
 Designing innovative shelters for urban homeless and
that for street vendors
 Focus on vulnerable and physically challenged in ones’
designs

45. Role contd.
 Use sustainable construction technology
 Cost effective and appropriate building materials and
technology. Promotion/adoption of:
 Earth blocks, Fly ash gypsum block, Clay bricks, Precast
stone blocks, Precast concrete blocks
 Indigenous and energy efficient materials that promotes
efficiency in usage of water, energy, and conserving
natural resources and reduces use of fossil fuels, waste,
pollution
 Standardization of construction materials and processes to
reduce cost

46. Way forward
 Plethora of opportunities exist in the near to far future
 Housing for All
 Smart Cities
 New Urban Renewal Mission
 Swachh Bharat
 Heritage Cities rejuvenation
 Tourist hotspots
 Industrial Corridors
All have built spaces to be created

47. Way forward in operationalizing
 AAAA – could further charter course towards a Section 25
company (not for profit entity)
 Department of Architecture (with or without other Schools
of Architecture in Vizag), can
 Become a hub for R&D in Architectural approaches and
building materials
 Design support to ULBs and UDAs
Micro planning and urban issues
 Undertake capacity building activities for skill training
especially in the construction sector

48. Way forward in operationalizing
 CoA – should play a greater role – not just collect fines and
be happy with judgements that withhold constitutional
validity of - The Architects Act, 1972
 IIA – should do more to its objects and aims
 Of course, ITPI/ IIID/ what ever is the name!
Certification and constant learning/upgrading should be
imbibed in Systems!

49. Of course…
 The scope of physical planning, per se, is limited
and the reality is….
again, drain and gain
 The way forward is, to move from planning paradigms to
governance
 Which includes – of course regulating the spaces
 Planning for socio-economic development
 Planning for people

50. Thank you
Lets think & resolve!
Please contact me @
leokiku@gmail.com

51. Latest technologies that have been tested
 Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum Panel System
 Monolithic Construction using Plastic Formwork
 Monolithic Construction using Aluminium Formwork
 Panel building system using steel mesh, polystyrene core and
chipping concrete
 Technology using expanded steel mesh panels, polystyrene
beads & alleviated concrete
 Pre-stressed precast prefab technology using hollow core slab,
beams, columns, solid walls, stairs, etc
 Industrialized 3-S system using cellular light weight concrete
slabs & precast columns.
 Precast concrete panels system using concrete, welded mesh
and plates, polystyrene core.