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Future of cities
1. Future of Cities
KNOWLEDGE PARTNERSHIP TO ADVANCE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
AN INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE
NOVEMBER 17-18, 2017 MYSURU
ORGANISED BY ST. PHILOMENA’S COLLEGE, MYSURU
2. All through organized history, if you wanted prosperity you
had to have cities. Cities are places that attract new people
with new ideas.
– Jane Jacobs, author of “Cities and the Wealth of Nations”
All through future time, if you want Sustainable Development
and Sustainable World, you will have to have Sustainable
Cities
3. Future of Cities
Sustainable cities are critical to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting the economic and
social needs of people worldwide. Ban Ki Moon
21st Century is going to be a Century of Cities
Future of Cities is going to be Future of all of us, Future of the World and Humanities
A City is not mere a concentration of ‘n’ number of people.
Cities have been a prime phenomenon of human civilization.
50 % of Global GDP is produced by 600 cities
A City gets in one or another manner – a face, an identity
A City is a living organism and like a child its personality need to be shaped, nurtured and developed.
A city, after all, is only a means to a way of life. More than ever, life happens outside the home, rather
than inside it: a good city can make life happier regardless of a society’s level of economic development.
5. Future of Cities
By 2050 world will reach 70 per cent level of urbanisation, more than 6 billion people in Cities
Future Urbanisation is going to be a good thing or bad thing ? If we care about the people and future
of humanity then this is the defining question.
In words of Peter Calthrope - architect, urban designer and urban planner
◦ While addressing climate change we will be building cities for additional 3 billion of the people
that is doubling urban environment
◦ Unless we set right our cities climate change solutions will not be able to save mankind because
cities constitute 70 % of CO2 emissions
◦ Not only environmental impact but so much more depends on how we shape our cities – our
social well being, economic vitality, sense of community and connectedness
◦ Fundamentally the way we shape cities is the manifestation of the kind of humanity we bring to
bare
◦ Getting future of the cities right is at most necessary to get future of the World right
◦ Setting Cities right will make Climate Change possible
6. Future of Cities
Even the cities of Developed Countries crumbling, decelerating and the future of Cities of
developing and underdeveloped countries at present appear bleak
1.3 billion out of 3.9 billion urban population lives in slums
So much is needed to be done with the existing cities and so many solutions are offered, as
a result policy and decision makers, implementers of most of the cities are feeling
confused and bogged down and do not know where to start
But there is a hope because more than 80 percent of the cities in developing countries that
will exist in 2065 have not yet been built. What has yet to be built could be different and
better than all existing cities.
An urban challenge for the next few decades will be to create dense cities which offer
much more of what people seek in the suburbs: everything at walkable distance and walk
is possible, green parks and safe and car-free spaces for children to ride bicycles.
7. Future of Cities - There is hope….
World has adopted sustainable development goal of ‘sustainable cities’
In Habitat III conference countries have framed new urban agenda and has
adopted it for implementation
New institution UN Urban which will coordinate global approach to urbanisation
is getting set up
Monitoring Systems like ‘Sustainable Cities Index,’ Resilient Cities Report, Cities
of Opportunity Report, City Liveability Index and many more are getting created
Countries and cities mainly of developed countries and few of developing
countries are adopting newer ways of urban planning, design, renewal, service
delivery, resource and energy conservation
25 cities commit to become Emission Neutral by 2050 – C40 Press Release
8. Vision/ expectations / characterises of
Future Cities
Vision for Future Cities under SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities
◦ Inclusive, Safe, Resilient, Sustainable
Other Expectations about Future Cities
◦ Basic services for all / Cities for all
◦ Fair and equal city - Access to Equal opportunities and face no discrimination
◦ Cleaner
◦ Connected
◦ Affordable
◦ Green /Garden City / eco – city
◦ Competitive City
◦ Smart City
9. By all accounts, urbanisation will define
the trajectory of Indian development.
Economic Survey of India – 2017
“By all accounts, sustainable financing
strategies will define the trajectory of
achieving Sustainable Cities and Sustainable
Development Goals by India”
10. Cities that are entrusted with responsibilities,
empowered with resources, and encumbered
by accountability can become effective vehicles for
unleashing dynamism so that to competitive federalism
India can add, and rely on, competitive sub-federalism. -
Economic Survey of India 2017
BUT IN REALITY IN INDIA THERE EXISTS CITIES THAT -
• ARE NOT ENTRUSTED WITH RESPONSIBILITIES,
• ARE NOT EMPOWERED WITH RESOURCES,
• AND ARE NOT ENCUMBERED BY ACCOUNTABILITY
• HAVE BECOME INEFFECTIVE/INADEQUATE VEHICLES FOR
UNLEASHING DYNAMISM AND INNOVATIONS TO ACHIEVE
SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT.
11. Future of Cities – Urban India Status
377.16 million urban population; 31.15 % of total population as per 2011 Census
7933 urban settlements, 4041 Statutory towns
53.12 million below poverty line urban people
Contributes 60 per cent of the GDP
25 percent do not have access to adequate and door step water
19 percent do not have access to latrines
Less than 250 cities have full or partial sewerage system
Only 29 percent capacity for waste water treatment (11000 mld against 38000 mld generation
Less than 40 percent solid waste get scientifically treated
Absolute housing shortage 0.39 million units, relative housing shortage 18.8 million units
12. Will 109 Smart Cities of India become
Sustainable Cities?
Announced on 25th June 2015, with outlay of Rs. 48000 crore from GOI for 100 cities
State and Cities to contribute another Rs. 48000 crore
Till date 90 smart cities proposals have been approved amount to Rs. 192000 crore
60 ULBs smart city cost proposals of Rs. 138828 crore out of which
◦ Area Based Development Proposals constituted Rs. 104147 crore (75 % share)
◦ Pan City Development Proposals constituted Rs. 26877 (19.4 % share)
◦ Administrative and operating cost Rs. 7803 crore (5.6 % share)
SCPs ranged from Rs. 6199 crore (Chandigarh) to Rs. 778 crore (Port Blair).
Average of 60 proposals comes around Rs. 2314 crore.
55 % resources from Government, only 6% from ULBs, rest 39 % unrealistic
13. Will 109 Smart Cities of India become
Sustainable Cities?
‘Financial sustainability’ has been mentioned only at one place in the smart city plan format of
40 odd questions but not explicitly defined in the SCM guidelines.
Non – inclusive Scheme /Exclusionary Scheme - 3.31 % area and 8.75 % population coverage
Miniscule Resource Contribution of ULBs to Smart Cities Plan/Proposal
◦ 22 out of 60 cities (8 out of 28 million plus cities) will not be contributing any amount to fund their
SCPs. Only 10 out (cities from Gujarat and Maharashtra) of 60 cities have fulfilled mandatory conditions
SCPs submitted are disproportionate to ULBs financial standing – In case of more than 40 cities
the ratio of annual cost of smart city plan and annual revenue of the ULB is more than 1 by big
margin.
Very High Per Capita and Per Sq. Km. Cost of SCP - Per capita and per Sq. Km. average urban
infrastructure development cost proposed in SCPs is almost three times higher than usual cost
(Per Sq. Km. Rs. 365 Cr. against Rs. 100 to 120 Cr. / per capita cost Rs. 169000 against Rs. 55000
14. Will 109 Smart Cities of India become
Sustainable Cities?
In the first fortunate scenario a city /a ULB will get sophisticated, high end urban infrastructure
which will involve sizeable operation and maintenance cost for which ULBs with no financial
standing will not have adequate funds as this cost cannot be transferred fully to beneficiaries
and to rest of the non-beneficiary population of the City.
In the second unfortunate scenario where SCP does not get implemented as per plan then a city
/ a ULB will not have adequate / complete infrastructure or it may get infrastructure which is
less and much more costlier than what was envisaged.
‘Cost Exportation’ and Cost Spill over to non beneficiaries will take place big way within the city
and outside the city.
In future higher level government will have to fund this O&M expenditure as ULB will not have
the capacity to maintain the smart city infrastructure.
No data available but maximum devolution by this date may be around Rs. 15000 crore from
GOI. In most of the Smart Cities projects have not started
