This document contains information about computer programs and programming concepts. It discusses that computer programs are lists of instructions written in a way that computers can understand. There are three main types of programs: operating systems, utilities, and applications. It also discusses the importance of planning for programming and defines algorithms and methods for describing algorithms like flowcharts and pseudocode.

2. GROUP:O4
1. Arup Deb Nath
2. Ahamadul Kabir Tashfiq
3. Md. Masud Rana
4. Md. Istiak Ahmed
5. Takib Ullah Khan
STUDENT ID
2017000000083
2017000000072
2017000000071
2017000000097
2017000000101
STUDENT NAME

3. WHAT IS COMPUTER PROGRAMS
• Computer programs
Also called software
Are a list of instructions
Instructions must be written in
a way the computer can
understand
Instructions are called code
CPU performs the instructions
Three types
oOperating system
oUtility
oApplication

4. WHY
PLANNING??
 PROGRESS REQUIRES A DESINGN
 PLANNING GIVES DIRECTION
 EFFECTIVE LEARNING REQUIRES A
PLAN

5. PURPOSE OF PROGRAM PLANNING
 To write instructions in the correct sequence;
 For analysis and identification of problem;
 To selects solution based on people’s interest,
needs and goals;
 For planning of work within minimum time;
 Programming without a plan is difficult….

6. ALGORITHM
What is an Algorithm???
 A logical and concise list of steps required to
solve a problem is called Algorithm;
 Performing for calculation,data processing and
automated reasoning task;
 It’s an effective method that can be expressed
within a finite amount of space and time;
 List the steps involved in accomplishing a task
(like a recipe)..

7. ALGORITHM
An algorithm must:
o Be obvious, precise and
transparent;
o Give the correct solution in
the all cases;
o Eventually end..

8. Example of algorithm
BAKE A CAKE…
 Step 1:Take ingredients
 Step 2:Mix ingredients
 Step 3:Pour ingredients in a pan
 Step 4: Put into an oven
 Step 5: Bake UNTILL ready
 Step 6:IF ready REMOVE
 Step 7 : Let cool
 Step 8: Serve
 Step 9: EAT

9. ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM
Calculate the average of three numbers
Steps Operations
 1 Get values for N1,N2,and N3
 2 Set the value of Averages to (N1+N2+N3)/3
 3 Print of value of Average
 4 STOP

10. Methods of describing algorithm
1.FLOWCHARTS (Pictorial
representation of an algorithm)
2.PSEUDOCODE (Planning tool used for
planning program logic)

11. FLOWCHARAT
 A flowchart is pictorial
representations of step by solution of
a program.
 Symbolically representation various
steps include in solving problem is
called Flowchart.
What is flowchart?

12. USES OF FLOWCHART
 A good way to communicate the details of a task or process
to others;
 A programmer can detect any error in any program;
 It can also use for texting a program or for further
modification in the program…
FLOWCHARAT

13. FLOWCHART
SYMBOLS OF FLOWCHART

14. FLOWCHART

15. Example of Flowchart
Add Two Numbers
FLOWCHART

16. PSEUDOCODE
WHAT IS PSEUDOCODE ?
 “PSEUDO” means imitation or false and “CODE” refers to the
instructions written in a programming languages.
 “PSEUDOCODE” is another programming analysis tool that is used
for planning a program.
 Pseudocode is a “TEXT-BASED" detail (algorithmic) design tool.
 “PSEUDOCODE” is also called Program Design Language (PDL)

17. Rules for Pseudocode
 Write only one statement per line.
 Capitalize initial keywords
(READ,WRITE,IF,ELSE,ENDIF,WHILE,ENDWHILE,REPEAT,UNTIL).
 Indent to show hierarchy and structures.
 End multiline structures.
 Keep statement language independent.
PSEUDOCODE

18. EXAMPLE OF PSEUDOCODE
 If student's grade is greater than or equal to 60
 Print “passed”
 Else
 Print "failed"

19. Example of PSEUDOCODE
1.IF amount < 100
1. interest Rate = .06
2. ELSE
1. interest Rate = .10

21. DATA SOURCE