1. Image of township
considering streets and
open space
It is the streets, plazas, squares, parks,
and other urban public spaces that have the potential
to be “THE STAGE UPON WHICH
THE
DRAMA OF COMMUNAL LIFE UNFOLDS”
2. AIM:
The task is to understand the street patterns and open space
(familiar space) in township, analyzing them in existing
townships to know what it creates .
OBJECTIVE:
•The objective is to understand the social aspects of open space and street
patterns.
•Is to understand the function of open space and street patterns.
•To study the hierarchy of streets and open space.
• The objective is to study the human behavior in social public space ,which
connects the humanity and the built environment.
•The objective is to develop a well-designed transportation system and open
space environment to efficiently circulate people, goods and building the
environment, while maintaining a high level of safety.
•To analyze the image (physical, social, individual) of open space and
street patterns in township.
4. Streets
Streets constitute a significant
part of open public space functional, social, and
leisure needs of people which
contributes to the economic
growth, physical
health of people, and a sense
of community.
advantage of neighbourhood
commercial streets - support social
interaction.
- distinctive character and
ambience,
- pedestrian-friendly.
street is a social space rather than
just a channel for movement
5. Lively Streets
as full of life and energy, animated, exciting,
full of activity and stimulating, and even bright
and colourful, bouncy, or springy,
a lively street is defined as a street with
the presence of a number of people engaged
in a variety of predominantly stationary and
sustained activities, particularly those activities
that are social in nature. “physically
active” communities.
Liveliness –
with people and activities
be attributed to the presence and
interaction of people.
Variations in activities result in perceived
liveliness of a street.
people walking through it: a dynamic activity.
static or stationary activity.
6. Quality of street
Streets as Primary Urban Public Space
Think of a city and what comes to mind?
Its streets.
If a city’s streets look interesting, the city
looks interesting; if they look dull, the city
looks dull
consumer culture and the need for active
and passive engagement and interaction,
relaxation, and leisure also supports the
concept of public life .
Neighbourhood Commercial Streets
important characteristics that people look
for – the liveliness and diversity of the
predominantly core areas.
by mixing various land uses we can achieve a
more vital, vibrant, attractive, safe,
viable, and
sustainable pattern of urban lifestyle
7. Streets as Social Space:
the street is
a social space rather than a channel for movement
the primary activity of acquiring
goods and services, people go
shopping to meet and spend time
with their friends, to look around
and people-watch, and to walk
around
through repeated short-term contacts
people grow to trust their fellow city
dwellers who may otherwise be total
strangers
social affiliation and interaction, sensory
stimulation, and other leisurely
activities among important and basic motives
for shopping behaviour
the street, as a social space, can play
multiple roles and offer social contact and
interaction, social awareness and
learning, and social cohesion.
8. Human Behaviour as a Basis for Design
According to human need the behaviour changes
Human Needs: A Sense of Comfort and
Pleasure on the Street
physiological needs, safety, belonging,
esteem, self-actualization, and cognitive and
aesthetic needs in the built environment
shelter and security, social
contact, symbolic identification, task
instrumentality,
pleasure, and growth
it is argued that if the built
environment can house and
support desired activities,
human patterns of interaction,
and human patterns of
movement, it can satisfy most
of the range of human needs
9. Sense of Safety on the Street
sense of real and perceived safety is affected by
the characteristics of the environment
Basic components of surveillance
people perceived streets to be
safer where there were trees, and the grass
was maintained .
A presence of stores and other nonresidential properties
Sense of Belonging: Community Places
It is suggested that associations with
people, places, and events
contributes to a sense of
familiarity and belonging to the
community
10. Human behaviour – social activities
Social activities included talking,
eating or drinking, walking
pets, window-shopping, playing
a game, and performing or
watching a performance on the
street with one or more
companions
Liveliness Index
A measure of the combination of:
1) the number of people engaged in
stationary activities;
2) the number of people in groups of two
or more engaged in some stationary social
activity and;
3) their duration of stay.
Duration of Stay
Walk-by observations shows
concentrations of people along
many block segments
11. Location of Activities and Use of Physical
Elements
Zones of Activity
The second zone was primarily for
pedestrian movement
The third zone was used to
perform the majority of the
stationary and social
activities observed on the street,
such as sitting, people-watching
The first zone was along the
edges of buildings and was essentially used for
entering and exiting, window-shopping
12. Street quality
CLASSIFICATION OF STREETS AS
BASED ON FUNCTION
Freeways
Principal Arterial Streets
Minor Arterial Streets
Collector Streets
Local Streets
14. Open space that is
accessible to the public on
a constant and regular
basis, including for
designated daily periods,
is defined as "public"
Landscaped medians with
seating; Gardens, if publicly
accessible , public plazas
Open
space
Front and
rear yards;
public
private
Open space that is not publicly accessible
or is available only to limited users and
is not available to the public on a regular or
constant basis is defined as “private.”
Yards or rooftop recreational facilities
used by community facilities, such as public
and private educational institutions,
www.griffith.edu.au/urp
16. Open space that is used for sports, exercise, or
active play is classified as "active
open
space,"
Open space that is used for relaxation, such as
sitting or strolling, is classified as "passive,"
includes seating, lawns, gardens.
In the physical dimension, public
space is “all the parts of the urban fabric to
which the public has physical and visual
access. Thus, it extends from the street, park,
square of a town or city into the buildings
which enclose and line them”
important to generate, enhance, and
sustain a sense of community,
to develop a list of social functions
served in public spaces
good urban public space is required for the
social and psychological health of
modern communities
17. Meaningful urban public space has the ability
to support, facilitate, and promote
public life,
active and passive social contact in open public
space such as streets provides the setting for
the “learning of cosmopolitanism”
“that public space is an essential
arena which provides
opportunities for individuals and
communities to develop and
enrich their lives”
four roles for public space:
i) as an arena for public life;
ii) as a meeting place for different
social groups;
iii) as a space for the display of
symbols and images in society;
iv) as a part of the communication
system between urban activities
urban public space should provide easy
and
safe access for all, facilitates a variety of
activities, fosters self-esteem and sense of
belonging, increases awareness and interest in
the environment, and provides enjoyment and
social contact.
18. CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN SPACE
•Unit level open space
•Cluster level open space
•Neighborhood level open space
Nature - beach, river front
Artifact- sculptures
System - microclimate modification
Wealth- commercial streets, tourism
Habitat- plants, animals, birds and
also human use this as their habitat.
19. How to perceive a space ? IMAGE OF A CITY – Kevin lynch
"image" the city — that is, how they
create and remember mental images of
the large-scale environments in which
they live.
“The Image of the Environment”. –
MENTAL MAPS
workable image of each part. Each of
these images will comprise;
1. our recognition of its “individuality
or oneness” within the city as a
whole,
2. our recognition of its spatial or
pattern relationships to other
parts of the city,
3. its practical meaning for each of us
(both practical and emotional)
20. 1. THE IMAGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
1.1 EXPERIENCES IN REALTION WITH SURROUNDINGS
Nothing is
experienced in
itself, but always
in relation to its
surroundings, the
sequences of
events leading to
it, the memory of
past experiences.
21. LEGEBILITY
Legibility is a term used to describe
the ease with which people can
understand the layout of a place. How Physical qualities make a place
more understandable
22. BUILDING THE IMAGE
» IMAGEABALITY
Imageability, the quality in a
physical object which gives it a high
probability of evoking a strong
image in any given observer.
The environment suggests distinctions and
relations and the observer – with great
adaptability and in the light of his own
purposes
Thus the image of a given reality may vary
significantly between different observers.
Though each individual creates
his own image – there is a
substantial agreement
among members of the
same group. – psychology
23. CITY IMAGE ELEMENTS –
PATHS, EDGES, DISTRICTS, NODES, LANDMARKS
Paths :
are the channels, They may be streets,
walkways, transit lines, canals, railroads ..
-Concentration of activity
-Characteristic spatial qualities
-Proximity to strong elements –
identity
-Visual exposure of and from the path
-strong directional quality
-destination and origin points on paths
gives a better sense of bearings
24. DISTRICTS
which the observer mentally enters ‘inside
of,’ and which are recognizable as having
some common identifying character"
areas with perceived internal
Thematic continuity expressed in
form of texture, space, form,
detail etc is very essential
Strong boundaries enhance the
Imageability of a district
Ex: midtown, its in-town
residential areas, organized
industrial areas, train yards,
suburbs, college campuses
25. EDGES
The termination of a district is its edge
"are the linear elements not used or
considered as paths by the observer. They
are boundaries between two phases,
linear breaks in continuity: shores,
railroad cuts, edges of development, walls
...
Visually prominent and impenetrable
edges seem to be the strongest
Continuity and visibility are crucial to
Imageability of an edge
Edges are often paths as well.
edges have directional qualities
Edges have a tendency to fragment an
environment.
26. NODES
They may be primary junctions, places of
a break in transportation, a crossing or
convergence of paths, moments of shift
from one structure to another.
A node is a center of activity. Actually it is a type
of landmark but is distinguished from a landmark
by virtue of its active function. Where a landmark
is a distinct visual object, a node is a distinct hub
of activity.
Nodes that are essentially intersection of paths,
possess high degree of Imageability.
A strong physical form is not very essential for
recognition of a node.
A node which is unique by itself and also
intensifies some surrounding characteristic,
seems to be the most successful.
27. LANDMARKS
"are another type of point-reference, but in this
case the observer does not enter within them,
they are external.
They are usually a rather simply defined
physical object: building, sign, store, or
mountain".
Some landmarks are very small (e.g. a tree
within an urban square) and can only be
seen close up.
Landmarks seen from many angles and
distances and used as radial references,
symbolizing a constant direction
Landmarks are an important element of urban
form because they help people to orient
themselves in the city and help identify an
area.
Visual landmarks can be reinforced by
other sensations like smell, sound etc
29. GORDON CULLEN: - Townscape
How do we perceive a Place ??
•Possession - Occupied Territory, Possession in
Movement – Viscosity
•Focal Point
•Vista – Grandiose vista and Screened vista
Opportunities for natural surveillance
