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PLANNED CHANGE
Internal Factors Driving Change
◆ Structure sole trader - partnership - limited company
◆ Growth organic - merger - acquisition
◆ Culture top down - flat
◆ Focus production - customer
◆ Scope markets - products - services
External Factors Driving Change
◆ Competition
◆ Technology
◆ Economics
◆ Society
◆ Politics
◆ Legislation
PLANNED CHANGE
Solve system problems and be acceptable to system members
The key to the process is to involve system members at each step
◆ Diagnose
◆ Analyze
◆ Plan
◆ Implement
CHANGE PROCESS
Here is a 4 step method for planned change
1. Diagnose
System
People
2. Analyze
Possibilities
Limitations
4. Implement
Evaluate
Replan
3. Plan
Initiate
Maintain
PLANNED CHANGE
4 strategic ground rules
When planning change, assess the likelihood that it will
◆ Advance corporate goals
◆ Be acceptable to system members
◆ Provide a basis for timely action
◆ Yield greater benefits and entail fewer costs
FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS
A body is at rest when the sum of forces operating on it is zero
Reduces tension
Change is permanent
Increases tension
Change is temporary
CHANGE STRATEGIES
Reduce restraining forces
Augment driving forces
FORCES FOR CHANGE
Forces
Self
Others
Environment
Types of
work-related
behaviour
A powerful
diagnostic tool
Possible
problems
Readiness
Capability
Motives
& Goals
Potential
USING FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS
PLANNED CHANGE PROCESS
Scout
Enter Diagnose
Plan
Act
Terminate
Evaluate
SCOUT
The client is looking for a solution to his problem
The consultant observes the features of the client system
◆ Resources
◆ Limitations
◆ Norms and values
◆ Subsystems
◆ Relationships with other systems
◆ Attitude to change
◆ Motivation to change
ENTER
Success requires support of legitimate power within the system
How is the entry point perceived within the organization ?
◆ Contract
Sharing expectations and defining contributions
◆ Process impacts on initial contract
Problem, resources, impact on other parts of system
DIAGNOSE
◆ Identify
Subparts of system where problem is located
◆ Define
Goals of client system in organizational context
◆ Client resources
Readiness to change
Commitment to solution
Internal resources
◆ Consultant’s tools
Interviews, questionnaires, observation, data
PLAN 1
The entry contract may need to be revised to include all system
members likely to be impacted by the change
◆ Define objectives to be achieved by change
◆ Generate options
◆ Simulate consequences of each option
◆ Select the best one
PLAN 2
The intervention plan has 2 dimensions : the sources of power
used to implement the change and the organizational subsystems
it will impact .
◆ People
◆ Authority
◆ Information
◆ Task
◆ Policy and Culture
◆ Environment
ACT
Training, installation of new procedures & systems, change in
organizational structure, architecture, spatial relationships,
divestment, outsourcing, layoff programs…
◆ Positive resistance
Ensures planned change is carefully thought through
Planned change can fail due to unforeseen consequences
◆ Negative resistance
Imposed change generates hostility
System members should be involved at all stages
EVALUATE
System members should know on what dimensions
they are being evaluated
◆ Interim task goals
◆ Final objectives
The client should monitor progress and assess results
This determines the next step
◆ Move on to termination stage
◆ Return to planning stage
◆ Return to entry stage
TERMINATE
Conditions should be defined in the entry contract and be open to
renegotiation during the process
◆ Consultant’s contact with client system ends
◆ Planned change process continues
Variables determining termination
◆ Problem solved or not
◆ Need for help on other problems
◆ Client system’s degree of independence

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Planned Change

  • 1. PLANNED CHANGE Internal Factors Driving Change ◆ Structure sole trader - partnership - limited company ◆ Growth organic - merger - acquisition ◆ Culture top down - flat ◆ Focus production - customer ◆ Scope markets - products - services External Factors Driving Change ◆ Competition ◆ Technology ◆ Economics ◆ Society ◆ Politics ◆ Legislation
  • 2. PLANNED CHANGE Solve system problems and be acceptable to system members The key to the process is to involve system members at each step ◆ Diagnose ◆ Analyze ◆ Plan ◆ Implement
  • 3. CHANGE PROCESS Here is a 4 step method for planned change 1. Diagnose System People 2. Analyze Possibilities Limitations 4. Implement Evaluate Replan 3. Plan Initiate Maintain
  • 4. PLANNED CHANGE 4 strategic ground rules When planning change, assess the likelihood that it will ◆ Advance corporate goals ◆ Be acceptable to system members ◆ Provide a basis for timely action ◆ Yield greater benefits and entail fewer costs
  • 5. FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS A body is at rest when the sum of forces operating on it is zero
  • 6. Reduces tension Change is permanent Increases tension Change is temporary CHANGE STRATEGIES Reduce restraining forces Augment driving forces
  • 8. Types of work-related behaviour A powerful diagnostic tool Possible problems Readiness Capability Motives & Goals Potential USING FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS
  • 9. PLANNED CHANGE PROCESS Scout Enter Diagnose Plan Act Terminate Evaluate
  • 10. SCOUT The client is looking for a solution to his problem The consultant observes the features of the client system ◆ Resources ◆ Limitations ◆ Norms and values ◆ Subsystems ◆ Relationships with other systems ◆ Attitude to change ◆ Motivation to change
  • 11. ENTER Success requires support of legitimate power within the system How is the entry point perceived within the organization ? ◆ Contract Sharing expectations and defining contributions ◆ Process impacts on initial contract Problem, resources, impact on other parts of system
  • 12. DIAGNOSE ◆ Identify Subparts of system where problem is located ◆ Define Goals of client system in organizational context ◆ Client resources Readiness to change Commitment to solution Internal resources ◆ Consultant’s tools Interviews, questionnaires, observation, data
  • 13. PLAN 1 The entry contract may need to be revised to include all system members likely to be impacted by the change ◆ Define objectives to be achieved by change ◆ Generate options ◆ Simulate consequences of each option ◆ Select the best one
  • 14. PLAN 2 The intervention plan has 2 dimensions : the sources of power used to implement the change and the organizational subsystems it will impact . ◆ People ◆ Authority ◆ Information ◆ Task ◆ Policy and Culture ◆ Environment
  • 15. ACT Training, installation of new procedures & systems, change in organizational structure, architecture, spatial relationships, divestment, outsourcing, layoff programs… ◆ Positive resistance Ensures planned change is carefully thought through Planned change can fail due to unforeseen consequences ◆ Negative resistance Imposed change generates hostility System members should be involved at all stages
  • 16. EVALUATE System members should know on what dimensions they are being evaluated ◆ Interim task goals ◆ Final objectives The client should monitor progress and assess results This determines the next step ◆ Move on to termination stage ◆ Return to planning stage ◆ Return to entry stage
  • 17. TERMINATE Conditions should be defined in the entry contract and be open to renegotiation during the process ◆ Consultant’s contact with client system ends ◆ Planned change process continues Variables determining termination ◆ Problem solved or not ◆ Need for help on other problems ◆ Client system’s degree of independence