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Plankton
- 1. Guide to Identificationof Fresh Water Microorganisms Microscopic autotrophic organisms (i.e. algae) Name Picture Characteristic Taxonomy Green algae Phylum 1. flagella (with Chlorophyceae 2. small flagella, i.e. 3. solitary small) Chlamyolomonas 4. rapid movement <.05 mm sp. Green algae 1. spherical Phylum (with 2. colonial Chlorophyceae flagella) 3. with two flagella i.e. Volvox sp. .5-2mm 1. spherical to Green algae conical Phylum (no flagella) 2. not attached to Chlorophyceae <.5 mm surface i.e. Pediastrum sp. 3. no movement Filamentous 1. non branching Phylum green algae 2. chains of cells Gamophyceae <.1 mm – with chloroplast i.e. Zygnema sp. cms 3. no flagella Spirogyra sp. 1. green 2. no flagella Phylum 3. mainly solitary, Desmids Gamophyceae some colonial <.5 mm i.e. Desmidium sp 4. various shapes Closterium sp. 5. two semi-cell, mirror image 1. one cell 2. slow gliding motion Phylum Diatoms 3. solitary or Bacillariophyceae <.5 mm colonial i.e. Pennales, 4. cell wall Centric (frustules) made of silica Math/Science Nucleus © 2004 1
- 2. Protozoa – heterotrophiconly Name Picture Characteristic Taxonomy 1. one or more flagella Flagellates 2. colonial or free Zoomastigophora <.5mm living i.e choanoflagellates 3. with or without lorica 1. pseudopodia Sacrodina Amoeba 2. slow movement Order Amoebina .02 –5 mm 3. engulfs food i.e. Amoeba proteus 1. amoeba with a Shelled shell, usually Sacrodina Amoeba sand grains Order Testacea .1-.4 mm 2. pseudopodia i.e Arcella sp. 3. slow movement 1. spherical Heliozoans 2. radiating hair Sacrodina .01-1 mm like pseudopods Order Heliozoea 3. no movement 1. cylindrical or bell shaped bodies Ciliates – 2. undulating cilia Ciliophora Peritrich 3. some stalked Order Peritrichida < .25 mm 4. often colonial i.e. Vorticella sp. 5. attached to different substrate 1. no cilia, sticky Ciliates – tentacles Ciliophora Suctoria some attached to Order Eridogenida <.7 mm other organisms i.e. Tokophyra sp. (i.e. Suctoria) Math/Science Nucleus © 2004 2
- 3. 1. mostly free living forms 2. cell of fixed Ciliophora Ciliates shape Order Paramecium 3. movement by Oliogohymenophorea .01 – 4mm contraction and i.e. Paramecium sp use of cilia 4. fixed mouth and anal pore 1. large body Ciliates Ciliophora 2. contractile Stentor Orer Heterotrichea 3. cilia on mouth .01 – 4 mm i.e. Stentor sp. end 1. barrel-shaped Ciliates 2. spinous Ciliophora Coleps projection at Order Prostomatea .01-4mm posterior end i.e. Coleps sp. 3. cytosome apical Math/Science Nucleus © 2004 3
- 4. Other fresh waterplankton (Animalia, Monera, etc) Name Picture Characteristic Taxonomy 1. blue green color Kingdom Blue-green 2. gliding Monera algae movement i.e. Annabella (cyanobacteria) 3. prokaryote sp. 1. sometimes Phylum Euglenoids green Euglenida <.4mm 2. flagellate i.e. Euglena sp. 3. red eye spot 1. free swimming 2. tough armor Dinoflagellates Phylum 3. flagellate <.4mm Dinoflagellate 4. autotrophic, heterotrophic 1. corona with cilia 2. hairy appendages Phylum Rotifer 3. transparent with Class Rotifers lorica Bdelloided .4mm - 2 cm 4. free swimming Class or attached Monogononta 5. organs, compressed body 1. green brown or colorless 2. body and Phylum Hydra tentacles Cnidaria 2 cm contract and i.e. Hydra sp. stretch 3. primitive organs Phylum 1. flattened Platyhelminthes Flatworms 2. eye spots Class 1-15+ mm 3. move in gliding Turbellaria motion i.e. Planaria sp. Math/Science Nucleus © 2004 4
- 5. 1. moves inrapid “s” form 2. round body Roundworms Phylum 3. bilateral .2-10 mm Nematodes 4. anterior, posterior openings 1. segmented Phylum Oligochaetes 2. worm motion Annelida 1.5 mm - >2 3. hair bundles Class cm (setae) Oligochaeta 1. predatory or Phylum Leeches parasitic Annelida > 1 cm 2. terminal suckers Class Hirudinea 3. hermaphroditic 1. mainly benthic Phylum 2. head bristles Gastrotricha Gastrotricha 3. eat algae, Order .1-1.5mm bacteria, Chaetonotida protozoa 1. head and 4 trunk Tardigrades segments Little water Phylum 2. 4 pair legs bears Tardigrada 3. eyes < 1 mm 4. herbivores Math/Science Nucleus © 2004 5
- 6. Arthropods - segmented,exoskeletons Name Picture Characteristic Taxonomy Class 1. bean-like shell Crustacea Ostracods 2. filter feeders Order <2mm 3. bivalve Ostracoda carapace i.e. Cypris sp. Class 1. long antennae Copepods Crustacea 2. tiny eyespot .5-3mm Order 3. holoplankton Copepoda 1. antennae Class 2. large compound Crustacea Water fleas eye Order .3-10mm 3. holoplankton Cladocera i.e. Daphnia sp 1. flattened Class Isopods 2. 7 pairs legs Crustacea 5-20mm 3. scavengers Order Isopoda 1. curved Class 2. compressed Amphipods Crustacea body 5-25mm Order 3. humped back Amphipoda 4. scavengers 1. 8 legs 2. round body Water Class 3. larvae mites Arachnida (parasitic) .5-5mm Order Acarina 4. nymph looks like adult 1. one tail Class Insecta Alderfly 2. long filaments Order nymph along the Megaloptera 5-25mm abdomen Family Sialidae 3. meroplankton 1. cylindrical case Caddisfly for protection Class Insecta larva 2. distinct case but Order 3-40mm different Trichoptera materials Math/Science Nucleus © 2004 6
- 7. 1. two jointedtails Stonefly (cerci) Class Insecta nymph 2. carnivorous Order <15 mm 3. indicates clean Plecoptera water 1. three jointed Mayfly Class Insecta tails nymph Order 2. leaf-like gills on <15mm Ephemeroptera sides 1. three leaf like Damselfly Class Insecta tail appendages Nymph Order Odonata (gills) <15mm Zygoptera 2. extendable jaws 1. robust Dragonfly Class Insecta 2. no tail nymph Order Odonata appendages <15mm Anisoptera 3. extendable jaws Water Class Insecta 1. no jaws boatman Order 2. tube-like beak nymph.and Hemiptera 3. nymphs don’t adult Family have wings 10-15mm Corixidae 1. strong jaws 2. tough shield 3. fierce predator Class Insecta Water adult Order beetle 1. strong jaws Coleoptera <45mm 2. long segmented Family Elmidae body 3. short legs nymph 1. long slender Mosquito body Class Insecta larva 2. moves in Order Diptera 1-20 mm undulating s curves Drawings redrawn from http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/pond/index.html Math/Science Nucleus © 2004 7