Presentation on progress toward a national strategy for conservation of CWR in the US, given at the curators and PGOC meeting, Spokane Washington June 2012
First record of Euphorbia golondrina L. C. Wheeler (Euphorbiaceae) in CameroonInnspub Net
New record of Euphorbia golondrina L.C. Wheeler, a species previously recorded as endemic for Mexico and the United States of America during the late 1930s and subsequently considered extirpated is presented for Cameroon and Africa. The present record obtained from a phytodiversity inventory carried out in Wabane sub division of the mount Bambouto Caldera and other sites in Cameroon, extends the distribution of E. golondrina to the southwest region of Cameroon and adds new marginal occurrence sites for this species. This study presents taxonomic comments, distribution maps and pictures of the species. The affinities of this species are discussed and its position within Chamaesyce’s subgenus of the genus Euphorbia is indicated. The current status of the species in Cameroon is elucidated, and recommendations for its conservation are offered.
Presentation on progress toward a national strategy for conservation of CWR in the US, given at the curators and PGOC meeting, Spokane Washington June 2012
First record of Euphorbia golondrina L. C. Wheeler (Euphorbiaceae) in CameroonInnspub Net
New record of Euphorbia golondrina L.C. Wheeler, a species previously recorded as endemic for Mexico and the United States of America during the late 1930s and subsequently considered extirpated is presented for Cameroon and Africa. The present record obtained from a phytodiversity inventory carried out in Wabane sub division of the mount Bambouto Caldera and other sites in Cameroon, extends the distribution of E. golondrina to the southwest region of Cameroon and adds new marginal occurrence sites for this species. This study presents taxonomic comments, distribution maps and pictures of the species. The affinities of this species are discussed and its position within Chamaesyce’s subgenus of the genus Euphorbia is indicated. The current status of the species in Cameroon is elucidated, and recommendations for its conservation are offered.
CWR US Presentation ASA/CSSA/SSSA Tampa 2013 CWRofUS
Presentation of gap analysis results for Priority 1A CWR in the United States, given at the annual international ASA/CSSA/SSSA meeting, November 3-6, Tampa, Florida
The Macrofungi in the Island of San Antonio, Northern Samar, Philippinesijtsrd
This study aimed primarily to identify the different macro fungi species in the Island of San Antonio, Northern Samar. Specifically, its objectives were to identify the different species of macro fungi in the study are to classify hierarchically the macro fungi species to determine the kind of substrate where macro fungi grow and to know the economic uses of macro fungi in the study area. It was conducted in the Island of San Antonio Northern Samar, which is composed of ten 10 barangays namely Vinisitahan, Dalupirit, San Nicolas, Rizal, Manraya, Pilar, Burabod, Ward III, Ward II, and Ward I during the months of October and November 2012. A total of twenty six 26 macro fungi species were present in ten 10 sampling sites. These macro fungi species were, namely Amanita sp. , Ampulloclitocybe clavipes, Auricularia polytricha, Bjerkandera adusta, Coprinus lagopus, Cortinarius corrugants, Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma adspersum, G. lucidum, Helvella lacunose, Infundibulicybe gibba, Inocybe rimosa, Laccaria laccata, Lycocerdon mammiforme, Marismius scoradoniusqa, Phallus indusiatus, P. multicolour, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Pleurocybella porrigens, Podoscypha petalodes, Polyporus arcularius, Spongipellis pachydon, Tremella fuciformis, Tramatese legans, T. hirsute and T. trogii. The macro fungi species in the study area were mostly found on dead wood, soil, tree branches, coconut husk and decaying banana trunks. In terms of economic issues, the twenty six 26 macro fungi species were familiar to the residents, but they have unknown uses or benefits to them. Rockett Rikki T. Jusayan | Manuela Cecille G. Vicencio ""The Macrofungi in the Island of San Antonio, Northern Samar, Philippines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23228.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/23228/the-macrofungi-in-the-island-of-san-antonio-northern-samar-philippines/rockett-rikki-t-jusayan
Distributions and collecting priorities for crop wild relatives in the United...CWRofUS
Our native crop wild relatives have proved useful as genetic resources in breeding more productive, nutritious, and resilient crops. Their utilization is expected only to increase with better information on the species and improving breeding tools, but may well be constrained by their limited representation in seedbanks and the ongoing loss of wild populations due to habitat modification, invasive species, climate change and other impacts. An urgent collecting effort for native crop genetic resources is therefore warranted. We present foundational information needed to guide this effort. An inventory of U.S. crop wild relatives has prioritized taxa related to a broad range of important food, forage and feed, medicinal, ornamental, and industrial crops. Utilizing occurrence data gathered from herbaria and genebanks, resulting potential distribution models are enabling the identification of hotspots of taxonomic diversity of wild relatives in the country, and a ‘gap analysis’ methodology is facilitating efforts to identify those taxa and geographic areas of particular conservation concern. Results indicate that a broad range of wild relative diversity remains to be collected, and that considerable high priority taxa are distributed in areas without long-term habitat protection.
Conservation Priorities for Tree Crop Wild Relatives in the United StatesCWRofUS
Presentation on conservation priorities of tree crop wild relatives of the U.S., given at the Gene Conservation of Tree Species – Banking on the Future Conference, 16-19 May 2016 in Chicago, USA
Crop wild relatives - looking at trends in genetic diversity to inform conser...Bioversity International
Presentation given by Elena Fiorino, Imke Thormann and Ehsan Dullo from Bioversity International on the closing day of the International Horticultural Congress 2014.
In their presentation they tackle questions such as 'Why is in situ conservation of crop wild relatives important?' and 'How can we develop in situ conservation strategies?'
Watch this video to learn more about crop wild relatives and why they are the cornerstone of agriculture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ah7RruMZ9CU
Crop Wild Relatives of North America: The Way Forward for Conservation and UseCWRofUS
Khoury CK (2019) “Crop Wild Relatives of North America: The Way Forward for Conservation and Use” Crop Wild Relatives of the Desert Borderlands: A Celebration of Diversity and a Call to Action, 13-15 January 2019, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Reptile Diversity in Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape, South Cotabato, Philipp...Innspub Net
Reptiles are highly diversewith high percentage of endemism in the Philippines. However, reptile diversity in Mindanao, the second largest island in the country,is poorly known. To determine the species richness, diversity, endemism and conservation status of reptiles, this study was conducted from August to December 2013in six sampling sites of Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL), South Cotabato.Cruising methodwasdone in the six sampling sites of MMPL. Paleontological Statistics Software Package (PAST) version 3.06 was used to determine the biodiversity indices, similarity index, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Thirteen species of reptiles belonging to five families and 11 genera with percentage endemism of46.15% were documented. High species diversity of reptiles with more or less even distribution was recorded in MMPL. Among the sampled sites, sampling site 1, a disturbed lowland dipterocarp forest had the highest species diversityand endemism.Sphenomorphusvariegatus was the most abundant species. Tropidophoruspartelloi, the only Mindanao Island endemic species was only found in the disturbed and undisturbed montane forests. Most of the documented species were under the Least Concern status. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis showed that sites 2 and 5 had the highest similarity percentage (68%) while Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference between samples in disturbedand undisturbed sites. Threats to the reptiles of MMPL were observed to be the conversion of forest to farmland and hunting thus implying the need for protection of habitats and conservation of species in MMPL.
CWR US Presentation ASA/CSSA/SSSA Tampa 2013 CWRofUS
Presentation of gap analysis results for Priority 1A CWR in the United States, given at the annual international ASA/CSSA/SSSA meeting, November 3-6, Tampa, Florida
The Macrofungi in the Island of San Antonio, Northern Samar, Philippinesijtsrd
This study aimed primarily to identify the different macro fungi species in the Island of San Antonio, Northern Samar. Specifically, its objectives were to identify the different species of macro fungi in the study are to classify hierarchically the macro fungi species to determine the kind of substrate where macro fungi grow and to know the economic uses of macro fungi in the study area. It was conducted in the Island of San Antonio Northern Samar, which is composed of ten 10 barangays namely Vinisitahan, Dalupirit, San Nicolas, Rizal, Manraya, Pilar, Burabod, Ward III, Ward II, and Ward I during the months of October and November 2012. A total of twenty six 26 macro fungi species were present in ten 10 sampling sites. These macro fungi species were, namely Amanita sp. , Ampulloclitocybe clavipes, Auricularia polytricha, Bjerkandera adusta, Coprinus lagopus, Cortinarius corrugants, Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma adspersum, G. lucidum, Helvella lacunose, Infundibulicybe gibba, Inocybe rimosa, Laccaria laccata, Lycocerdon mammiforme, Marismius scoradoniusqa, Phallus indusiatus, P. multicolour, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Pleurocybella porrigens, Podoscypha petalodes, Polyporus arcularius, Spongipellis pachydon, Tremella fuciformis, Tramatese legans, T. hirsute and T. trogii. The macro fungi species in the study area were mostly found on dead wood, soil, tree branches, coconut husk and decaying banana trunks. In terms of economic issues, the twenty six 26 macro fungi species were familiar to the residents, but they have unknown uses or benefits to them. Rockett Rikki T. Jusayan | Manuela Cecille G. Vicencio ""The Macrofungi in the Island of San Antonio, Northern Samar, Philippines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23228.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/23228/the-macrofungi-in-the-island-of-san-antonio-northern-samar-philippines/rockett-rikki-t-jusayan
Distributions and collecting priorities for crop wild relatives in the United...CWRofUS
Our native crop wild relatives have proved useful as genetic resources in breeding more productive, nutritious, and resilient crops. Their utilization is expected only to increase with better information on the species and improving breeding tools, but may well be constrained by their limited representation in seedbanks and the ongoing loss of wild populations due to habitat modification, invasive species, climate change and other impacts. An urgent collecting effort for native crop genetic resources is therefore warranted. We present foundational information needed to guide this effort. An inventory of U.S. crop wild relatives has prioritized taxa related to a broad range of important food, forage and feed, medicinal, ornamental, and industrial crops. Utilizing occurrence data gathered from herbaria and genebanks, resulting potential distribution models are enabling the identification of hotspots of taxonomic diversity of wild relatives in the country, and a ‘gap analysis’ methodology is facilitating efforts to identify those taxa and geographic areas of particular conservation concern. Results indicate that a broad range of wild relative diversity remains to be collected, and that considerable high priority taxa are distributed in areas without long-term habitat protection.
Conservation Priorities for Tree Crop Wild Relatives in the United StatesCWRofUS
Presentation on conservation priorities of tree crop wild relatives of the U.S., given at the Gene Conservation of Tree Species – Banking on the Future Conference, 16-19 May 2016 in Chicago, USA
Crop wild relatives - looking at trends in genetic diversity to inform conser...Bioversity International
Presentation given by Elena Fiorino, Imke Thormann and Ehsan Dullo from Bioversity International on the closing day of the International Horticultural Congress 2014.
In their presentation they tackle questions such as 'Why is in situ conservation of crop wild relatives important?' and 'How can we develop in situ conservation strategies?'
Watch this video to learn more about crop wild relatives and why they are the cornerstone of agriculture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ah7RruMZ9CU
Crop Wild Relatives of North America: The Way Forward for Conservation and UseCWRofUS
Khoury CK (2019) “Crop Wild Relatives of North America: The Way Forward for Conservation and Use” Crop Wild Relatives of the Desert Borderlands: A Celebration of Diversity and a Call to Action, 13-15 January 2019, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Reptile Diversity in Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape, South Cotabato, Philipp...Innspub Net
Reptiles are highly diversewith high percentage of endemism in the Philippines. However, reptile diversity in Mindanao, the second largest island in the country,is poorly known. To determine the species richness, diversity, endemism and conservation status of reptiles, this study was conducted from August to December 2013in six sampling sites of Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL), South Cotabato.Cruising methodwasdone in the six sampling sites of MMPL. Paleontological Statistics Software Package (PAST) version 3.06 was used to determine the biodiversity indices, similarity index, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Thirteen species of reptiles belonging to five families and 11 genera with percentage endemism of46.15% were documented. High species diversity of reptiles with more or less even distribution was recorded in MMPL. Among the sampled sites, sampling site 1, a disturbed lowland dipterocarp forest had the highest species diversityand endemism.Sphenomorphusvariegatus was the most abundant species. Tropidophoruspartelloi, the only Mindanao Island endemic species was only found in the disturbed and undisturbed montane forests. Most of the documented species were under the Least Concern status. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis showed that sites 2 and 5 had the highest similarity percentage (68%) while Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference between samples in disturbedand undisturbed sites. Threats to the reptiles of MMPL were observed to be the conversion of forest to farmland and hunting thus implying the need for protection of habitats and conservation of species in MMPL.
Presentation to Sense of Place, Palo Alto, by Miriam Sachs Martín, as Chief Preserve Steward for Acterra. Keywords: ecology, habitat, riparian, oak woodland, species, invasive, biocultural diversity, Native Americans, stewardship.
Saarela JM, LJ Gillespie, PC Sokoloff. The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska project. Arctic Change 2014, 8–12 December 2014, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [poster]
Alien Flora of Ballari District, Karnataka, Indiaijtsrd
The present study deals with comprehensive list of invasive alien species in the flora of Ballari district with background information on family, habit and nativity. Total 215 invasive alien species belonging to 168 genera under 68 families were documented. It was prepared based on history, species origin, species behavior and field observations. Literature and websites were consulted extensively for relevant publications. Almost 54 are native to Tropical America contribute maximum proportion to the invasive alien flora of Ballari district. Habit wise analysis shows herbaceous species share 119 56 species, followed by shrubs 35 16 , climbers 20 9 and trees 42 19 . Among 68 families, Asteraceae is the most dominant family with 27 species 25 followed by Ceasalpinaceae with 14 species 13 . There is an imperative need to listing regional data on exotic species in order to study the impact on local vegetation and survey the worldwide pattern of species invasion. K. Kotresh | M. Siddeshwari "Alien Flora of Ballari District, Karnataka, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35850.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/35850/alien-flora-of-ballari-district-karnataka-india/k-kotresh
Conservation and Use of the North American Plant Cornucopia: The Way ForwardCWRofUS
Khoury CK, Greene SL, Williams KA, Kantar M, and Marek L (2018) “Conservation and Use of the North American Plant Cornucopia: The Way Forward”. Symposium - Crop Wild Relatives and Genetic Resources for Interesting Traits, American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America Annual Meetings, 4-7 November 2018, Baltimore, USA
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, A...PriyankaKilaniya
The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, which led to the initial loss of native forests. Finally, the study investigates the increased strain on forests caused by migrant workers' demands. It also highlights the crucial role that the Forest Department plays in protecting these natural habitats from the invasion of tea planters. This study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between colonialism and the altered landscape of Cachar, Assam, by means of a thorough investigation, shedding light on the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of this historical transformation.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
2. COMMON NAMES
Radiata Pine
Monterey Pine
Pin insigne
Pin géant
Pino insigne
Pinheiro insigne
Pino de Monterey
insignis pine
pino quebradizo Fig. 1 Guadalupe Island pines
(LITTLE, ELBERT L. Jr.. 1980. The Audubon Society field guide to North American trees. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.,
ÚRADNÍČEK, BROUMOVSKÝ and UNČOVSKÝ,1990. Lesní hospodářství v tropech a subtropech-Vybrané dřeviny, MZLU
http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G59615.html)
(http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183372)
3. TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY
Kingdom Plantae – plantes, Planta, Vegetal, plants
Subkingdom Viridiplantae
Infrakingdom Streptophyta – land plants
Superdivision Embryophyta
Division Tracheophyta – vascular plants, tracheophytes
Subdivision Spermatophytina – spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames
Class Pinopsida – conifers
Subclass Pinidae
Order Pinales – pines
Family Pinaceae – pines
Genus Pinus L. – pine
Species Pinus radiata D. Don –> var. radiata/var. pinata
Retrieved [March, 5, 2016], from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) on-line database (http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?
search_topic=TSN&search_value=183372) The Gymnosperm database (http://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_radiata.php)
4. PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
H. 15-30 (64) m,
DBH 30-90 (280) cm
contorted to straight, crown broadly conic
twigs - sometimes glaucous, aging gray, rough, slender, red-brown,
buds - resinous, ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, red-brown, ca. 1.5 cm
needles - 2 (var. binata) or 3 (type variety) per fascicle, spreading-
ascending, persisting 3-4 years, (8)9-15(20) cm × 1.3-1.8(2) mm,
straight, slightly twisted, deep yellow-green
(LITTLE, ELBERT L. Jr.. 1980. The Audubon Society field guide to North American trees. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
KRAL, R. 1993. Pinus. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 2. Oxford University Press.
M.P. Frankis e-mail 1999.03.05, pers. obs.)
5. Fig. 2 Guadalupe Island pine trunk
Fig. 3 Guadalupe Island pine bark
ko
(http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G61056.html)
(http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G58616.html)
6. PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
Pollen cones: ellipsoid-cylindric, 10-15 mm, orange-
brown
Seed cones: maturing in February, 2 years after
pollination, persistent 6-20(40) years, often
serotinous, numerous, solitary to whorled, 7-15 cm,
yellow-brown, lustrous, scales rigid, stalks to 1 cm
Seeds: body ca. 6 mm, dark brown, wing 20-30 mm,
compressed-ellipsoid
(LITTLE, ELBERT L. Jr.. 1980. The Audubon Society field guide to North American trees. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
KRAL, R. 1993. Pinus. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 2. Oxford University Press.
M.P. Frankis e-mail 1999.03.05, pers. obs.)
7. Fig. 4 Close-up of Guadalupe Island pine needles
Fig. 5 Immature cone of Guadalupe Island pine
(http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G61055.html)
(http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G58620.html)
8. Fig. 6 Guadalupe Island pine cones
Fig. 7 Male Guadalupe Island pine flowers Microsporangiate
Strobili with bloom period
(http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G59622.html)
(http://www.pinetum.org/Lovett/pinecones.htm)
(http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G91136.html)
Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data
contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of California
Herbaria. [web application]. 2016. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database
[a non-profit organization]. Available: http://www.calflora.org/ (Accessed: Mar 05, 2016).
9. ORIGIN AND
DISTRIBUTION
Naturally - three localities in a fog belt on the coast of central
California (at 30-400 m elevation; San Mateo and Santa Cruz
counties, Monterey County, and in San Luis Obispo County)
var. binata - Islas Guadalupe and Cedros, off the west coast of Baja
California Norte, Mexico (at 600-1200 m elevation)
Timber tree in vast areas of New Zealand (the most common tree),
Australia, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, SW Europe, Kenya, Ghana,
Nigeria, Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Africa
and Madagascar.
(ROGERS, D. L., 2002. In situ genetic conservation of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don): Informations and recommendations.
Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, C. A..
LITTLE, ELBERT L. Jr.. 1980. The Audubon Society field guide to North American trees. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
KRAL, R. 1993. Pinus. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 2. Oxford University Press.
Richardson, D.M. (ed.). 1998. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55176-5.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/42408/0)
10. Fig. 8a/b Natural distribution of the type variety of
Pinus radiata
GRIFFIN, J.R. and W.B. CRITCHFIELD. 1972. The distribution of forest trees in California. Berkeley: U.S.D.A. Forest Service.
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_1/pinus/radiata.jpg) LEDIG, F.T., J.J. VARGAS HERNÁNDEZ, & K.H. JOHNSES. 1998. The Conservation of Forest Genetic
Resources - Case Histories from Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Journal of Forestry, 96(1): 32-41.
(http://www.fwpa.com.au/images/processing/PNC135-0809_Native_radiata_germplasm_conservation_Research_Report_0.pdf)
Fig. 8b Adapted from LEDIG et al. (1998)
Fig. 8a Adapted from GRIFFIN, J.R. and W.B. CRITCHFIELD ( 1972)
Pinus radiata var. radiata
Pinus radiata var. binata
11. Fig. 9 Actual Distribution of Radiata pine in California
(Caflora)
Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and
conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and
individuals, including the Consortium of California Herbaria. [web application].
2016. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database
[a non-profit organization]. Available: http://www.calflora.org/ (Accessed: Mar
05, 2016).
12. Fig. 10 Point map of Radiata pine – world scale
(http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20m?map=Pinus+radiata)
13. ASSOCIATED ORGANISMS
beneficials (not specific):
butterflies
Pine White Nephasia menapia
pests (not specific):
leafhoppers
Glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis
Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of
California Herbaria. [web application]. 2016. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database [a non-profit organization]. Available:https://www.calflora.org/entry/plantchar.html?crn=6523
14. ENVIRONMENTAL
REQUIREMENTS AND ECOLOGY
Tab. 1 Characteristics of five native radiata pine populations
Population
Latitude
(°N)
Altitude
(m)
Raiffall
aprox.
(mm)
Area (ha) Soil
Año Nuevo 37 10-30 800 450 Fine loams, depth
variable
Monterey 36.5 10-40 400 3800 Very varied fertility
and base status
Cambria 35.5 10-00 500 900
Sandy loam,
localised poor
drainage
Guadalupe
Island
29 400-1200 300? 220 trees Rocky loam
Cedros
Island
28 380-640 200? 150 Skeletal
(ELRIDGE, K.G. 1978. Refreshing the genetic resources of radiata pine plantations. CSIRO Division of Forest Research, Genetics Section Report No. 7, 119 pp. BURDON,
R.D. 2001. Pinus Radiata. In: Ecosystems of the World: Tree Crop Ecosystems. F.T. LAST (Editor), pp. 99-161. Elsevier.CSIRO, Canberra.)
15. Its cones are serotinous - closed until opened by the heat of
a forest fire (surface fire); the abundant seeds - discharged
to regenerate the burned forest. E.g. seedlings densities 1
year after fire - 100.000 up to 650.000/ha.
cold hardiness limit between -12.1°C and -6.7°C
principal host for the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium
littorum
senescence - tree diameter reaches 100 cm
(LITTLE, ELBERT L. Jr.. 1980. The Audubon Society field guide to North American trees. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
BANNISTER, P. and G. NEUNER. 2001. Frost resistance and the distribution of conifers. P.3-22 in F.J. BIGRAS and S.J. COLOMBO (eds.), Conifer cold hardiness. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
HAWKSWORTH, F.G. and D. WIENS. 1996. Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology and systematics. Agriculture Handbook 709. Washington, DC: U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Available at World
Wide Web: http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/publications/ah_709/index.html, accessed 15th October 2015. .
WHITE et al., 1999. A nucleus breeding plan for radiata pine in Australia. Silvae Genetica 48: 122-133.)
ENVIRONMENTAL
REQUIREMENTS AND ECOLOGY
16. CULTIVATION
natural stands - don´t appear to be single-aged!
breeding by seeds and cuttings (up to 15 years old specimen), 1 kg contains approximately 20 - 38.000
seeds
germination rate: 50 - 70%
germinate 20 days after sowing
seed storage: several years
seedlings: 4 - 8 - 12 (24) months old are planted
matrix: 1.5 x 1.5 - 3 x 3 m Mycorrhizae are necessary for seedling growth!
annual increment: 12 - 30 m³/ha, 2.5 m in height - S.W. England
rotation period: 20 - 50 years
(WHITE et al., 1999. A nucleus breeding plan for radiata pine in Australia. Silvae Genetica 48: 122-133., Brink, M., 2008. Pinus radiata D.Don.
[Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa /
Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed 19 October 2015.,
ÚRADNÍČEK, BROUMOVSKÝ and UNČOVSKÝ,1990. Lesní hospodářství v tropech a subtropech-Vybrané dřeviny, MZLU )
17. PEST AND DISEASES
Dothistroma needle blight (Mycosphaerella pini)
pitch canker –> the fungus Fusarium circinatum
Armillaria root rot
In South Africa the pine emperor moth (Imbrasia
cytherea)
and the pine whoolly aphid (Pineus pini)
PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa/Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands.(http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?en=1&p=Pinus+radiata+D.Don)
18. GENETIC RESOURCES
AND BREEDING
Chromosome number: 2n = 24
Abundant genetic variation –> highly successful breeding programmes.
Provenance testing and breeding –> South Africa and other major
producing countries
Early breeding –> growth rate, tree form and disease resistance, now –>
wood properties
Molecular biology –> genetic transformation of embryogenic tissue –
biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated systems, and stable transformed
plants regeneration
PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?en=1&p=Pinus+radiata+D.Don
19. Fig. 11 Diversity in cone size among the five native
populations of Monterey pine (AXELROD, 1980)
Each cone represents the
average size for that
population. Key: 1 Cedros
Island; 2 Guadalupe Island;
3 Monterey; 4 Año Nuevo; 5
Cambria
ROGERS, D. L. 2002.. In situ genetic conservation of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don):
Information and recommendations. Report No. 26. University of California Division of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Davis CA USA.
ISBN 0-9725195-0-5. Available on the World Wide Web: <http://ucanr.edu/repository/
fileaccess.cfm?article=54987&p=DMIDEA&CFID=135918909&CFTOKEN=28218669>
20. Fig. 12 Summary of phenotypic characteristics of native
populations of Monterey pine in field trials in New
Zealand (BURDON 1992)
Symbols: + denotes superiority; – denotes
inferiority; 0 denotes average; • denotes no
data were located.
†Key: a denotes a large body of solid
experimental evidence (many sites); b
denotes good experimental evidence but
from limited number of sites/pot trials; c
denotes slender evidence; and two letters
denote intermediate weights of evidence.
ROGERS, D. L. 2002.. In situ genetic conservation of Monterey pine (Pinus
radiata D. Don): Information and recommendations. Report No. 26. University
of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Genetic Resources
Conservation Program, Davis CA USA. ISBN 0-9725195-0-5. Available on the
World Wide Web: <http://ucanr.edu/repository/fileaccess.cfm?
article=54987&p=DMIDEA&CFID=135918909&CFTOKEN=28218669>
21. Fig. 13 Allozyme diversity for the native populations of
Monterey pine from three studies
Key: number of trees sampled per population (N),
mean number of allele per locus (A), percent
polymorphic† loci (P), and expected heterozygosity
(He).
†With the exception of data from Plessas and
Strauss, the criterion of polymorphism is 99%,
meaning a locus must have a second allele with at
least a frequency of 1% for that locus to be
considered polymorphic. For the Plessas and
Strauss data, the criterion is 95%, thus these data
are an underestimate relative to the other data in
the table.
ROGERS, D. L. 2002.. In situ genetic conservation of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don):
Information and recommendations. Report No. 26. University of California Division of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Davis CA USA.
ISBN 0-9725195-0-5. Available on the World Wide Web: <http://ucanr.edu/repository/
fileaccess.cfm?article=54987&p=DMIDEA&CFID=135918909&CFTOKEN=28218669>
22. Fig. 14 Guadalupe Island pine seedlings in plantation
(http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G59100.html)
23. Fig. 15 Guadalupe Island pine plantation
(http://www.arkive.org/guadalupe-island-pine/pinus-radiata/image-G59628.html)
24. MAIN USES
medium hard wood and solid, less durable
sapwood: soft, creamy white, in case of young specimen holds 80
- 85% of volume
heartwood: pinkish brown, medium durable
wood density: (330–)380–610 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content
Construction wood, furniture, packing cases, poles, posts,
shuttering, particle board boxes/crates, plywood, veneers, paper
and fuelwood
Brink, M., 2008. Pinus radiata D.Don. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources
végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed 19 October 2015.
ÚRADNÍČEK, BROUMOVSKÝ and UNČOVSKÝ,1990. Lesní hospodářství v tropech a subtropech-Vybrané dřeviny, MZLU
http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/softwoods/radiata-pine/)
25. Fig. 16 Guadalupe pine wood
(http://www.prota4u.org/plantphotos/Pinus%20radiata%208.jpg)
26. Fig. 17 Guadalupe pine wood (sanded)
Fig. 18 Guadalupe pine wood (sealed)
(http://www.wood-database.com/wp-content/uploads/radiata-pine.jpg
)
(http://www.wood-database.com/wp-content/uploads/radiata-pine-sealed.jpg)
27. MAIN USES
flooring, interior trim, toys, turnery, matches, railway
sleepers, hardboard and wood-wool
oleoresin - distilled to obtain turpentine and rosin
turpentine - pine oil, terpene resins, flavours and
fragrance
rosin - paper, inks, emulsifiers, synthetic resins, soap
and glue
(https://books.google.cz/books?id=-nw-mZQ0kcEC&pg=PA445&lpg=PA445&dq=pinus+radiata,+subtropics&source=bl&ots=NPiikTfgUE&sig=lk-MFOXAq-
VOWdm3oNWq3fndtEc&hl=cs&sa=X&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCWoVChMIp-63-erOyAIVhcByCh0DKw77#v=onepage&q=pinus%20radiata%2C%20subtropics&f=false)
28. RELATED SPECIES
all the species from genus Pinus (114), almost all are
indigenous in the northern hemisphere
29. OTHER COMMENTS
Use of radiata pine:
in windbreaks and as a shelter tree;
widely spaced trees with pasture beneath or as belts with pasture between
them;
in woodlots, including stock havens
soil conservation
ornamental tree
may become invasive
(http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3274e/i3274e11.pdf
https://books.google.cz/books?id=-nw-mZQ0kcEC&pg=PA445&lpg=PA445&dq=pinus+radiata,+subtropics&source=bl&ots=NPiikTfgUE&sig=lk-
MFOXAq-VOWdm3oNWq3fndtEc&hl=cs&sa=X&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCWoVChMIp-63-erOyAIVhcByCh0DKw77#v=onepage&q=pinus%20radiata
%2C%20subtropics&f=false)
30. RESEARCH ARTICLES
Genome-wide gene expression dynamics of the fungal pathogen Dothistroma septosporum
throughout its infection cycle of the gymnosperm host Pinus radiata (http://
onlinelibrary.wiley.com.infozdroje.czu.cz/doi/10.1111/mpp.12273/full)
Effects of stand density and seedlot on three wood properties of young radiata pine grown at a
dry-land site in New Zealand (http://nzjforestryscience.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/
s40490-015-0035-x)
Quantification of realised genetic gain in radiata pine and its incorporation into growth and yield
modelling systems (http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/
cjfr-2015-0191#.VttCTGDhCUn)
Metabolites and hormones are involved in the intraspecific variability of drought hardening in
radiata pine (http://www.sciencedirect.com.infozdroje.czu.cz/science/article/pii/
S0176161715002138)
Pattern of genotype by environment interaction for radiata pine in southern Australia (http://
link.springer.com.infozdroje.czu.cz/article/10.1007/s13595-014-0437-6/fulltext.html)
31. Pattern of genotype by environment interaction for
radiata pine in southern Australia (IVKOVÍC et al.,
2014) – Introduction
Current radiata pine breeding and deployment in
Australia is based largely on the plantation inventory
zones rather than on biological patterns of genotype
by environment interaction (G×E), and consequently
cannot deliver optimal genetic gains across the whole
plantation estate.
This study examined patterns of G×E to facilitate
deployment of genetic stock to particular
environments.
32. Pattern of genotype by environment interaction for
radiata pine in southern Australia (IVKOVÍC et al.,
2014) – Methods
20 genetically well-connected trials across southern
Australia –> estimates of genetic correlations between
performances at different trial sites.
Extended factor analyses (XFA) –> to estimate G×E
variance and produce a matrix of site-site genetic
correlations.
The patterns among these correlations – examined by
heat map and hierarchical clustering.
33. Pattern of genotype by environment interaction for
radiata pine in southern Australia (IVKOVÍC et al.,
2014) – Results
The XFA captured a large proportion of both additive
and non-additive G×E.
Significant G×E for diameter growth – expected
between Tasmania and Mainland, and within
Tasmania itself.
The study also confirmed presence of G×E between
Murray Valley region in New South Wales and the rest
of southern Australia.
34. Pattern of genotype by environment interaction for
radiata pine in southern Australia (IVKOVÍC et al.,
2014) – Conclusion
1. Based on previous studies and this study, significant G×E for diameter growth can be expected
between Tasmanian and Mainland sites, and within Tasmania itself.
2. There were indications that the sites in Murray Valley region in NSW and Otway region in
Victoria may exhibit G×E interaction with other regions; however, this is based only on
individual trials.
3. Heritability increased significantly for within-region selection and regionalisation seems to be
justified.
4. The G×E interaction at transcontinental scale can be correlated to the climate variables,
primarily to rainfall and temperature. However, the drivers may also be related to smaller
scale environmental variation (i.e. soil and terrain variation).
5. The results presented here can be used as evidence in favour of reconsidering the current
breeding and deployment zones. However, further work, using other pairs of genetically
connected trials, will give more robust results on which to base G×E regionalisation.
35. Metabolites and hormones are involved in the
intraspecific variability of drought hardening in radiata
pine (DIEGO et al., 2015) – Introduction
Studies of metabolic and physiological bases of plant tolerance and
hardening against drought –> essential to improve genetic breeding
programs
Preliminary results: short drought period (4 weeks) –> different
osmotic response in each breed
Acclimation in P. radiata – conditioned by the genotype + regulated
by changes in physiological process and phytohormone concentration
Hardening – one of the most useful process for increasing plant
drought tolerance and improve plantation success
36. Metabolites and hormones are involved in the
intraspecific variability of drought hardening in radiata
pine (DIEGO et al., 2015) – Plant material
O1—P. radiata var. radiata × P. radiata var binata (Amberley, New Zealand)
O2—P. radiata var. radiata (Basque coastline, Spain)
O3—P. radiata var. radiata (Billapoola, Australia)
O4—P. radiata var. radiata × Pinus attenuate (Amberley, New Zealand) –
tolerance marker
O5—P. radiata var. radiata × P. radiata var. cedrosensis (Amberley, New
Zealand)
O6—P. radiata var. radiata (Kaingaroa, New Zealand)
37. Metabolites and hormones are involved in the
intraspecific variability of drought hardening in radiata
pine (DIEGO et al., 2015) – Methods
Growth conditions – cold stratification, placing them
into a cold chamber at 4◦C in dark for 3 weeks
–> seeds were placed in sterilized water for 2 days –
same conditions to induce germination
–> seeds were sown in pots of 17 cm Ø filled with
peat:perlite (7:3, v/v). Plants – greenhouse under
controlled conditions (T = 23 ± 1◦C and RH = 70 ±
5%) for two years
38. Metabolites and hormones are involved in the
intraspecific variability of drought hardening in radiata
pine (DIEGO et al., 2015) – Methods
Experimental design
Biometric, growth and water balance parameters
Water potential
Metabolite quantification – Free amino acids and polyamines and
Hormone quantification
Statistical analysis – data compared by the parametric tests (2 and 3 way
univariate analysis of variance-ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test – open
source R software 2.15.1. Normality – Shapiro’s test. No parametric data
– Kruskal Wallis’ test
39. Metabolites and hormones are involved in the interspecific
variability of drought hardening in radiata pine (DIEGO et
al., 2015) – Results: Biometric and physiological parameters
Different absolute growth – O1 and O5 the greatest
total aerial height
O1 – the largest collar diameter
O5 – the highest values of relative height growth
ratio(RdGR)
Water balance – no difference
40. Metabolites and hormones are involved in the
interspecific variability of drought hardening in radiata
pine (DIEGO et al., 2015) – Results: Metabolite content
Similar profile in plant hormones –> between breeds as
hardening response, with significant increases in ABA, IAA,
ZR, SA and JA and decreases in Z.
Exceptions:
O2 treated plants –> no change in their ABA and ZR content
compared to controls
and O1 and O6 –> no significant differences in ZR and SA
content, respectively.