Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
In Augusto Pinochet's Shadow: Chilean Democracy, Protests, and Dictatorial Le...Stephen Cheng
This article by Heidi Tinsman originally appeared in English on The Abusable Past Web page for Radical History Review (https://www.radicalhistoryreview.org/abusablepast/?p=3520). Angela Vergara translated it into Spanish for North American Congress on Latin America (https://nacla.org/news/2019/11/19/la-democracia-chilena-las-protestas-y-las-herencias-de-la-dictadura). I decided to translate the article back into English for practice.
All errors are mine. I came up with the title--it's a modified and expanded version of the original title.
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
In Augusto Pinochet's Shadow: Chilean Democracy, Protests, and Dictatorial Le...Stephen Cheng
This article by Heidi Tinsman originally appeared in English on The Abusable Past Web page for Radical History Review (https://www.radicalhistoryreview.org/abusablepast/?p=3520). Angela Vergara translated it into Spanish for North American Congress on Latin America (https://nacla.org/news/2019/11/19/la-democracia-chilena-las-protestas-y-las-herencias-de-la-dictadura). I decided to translate the article back into English for practice.
All errors are mine. I came up with the title--it's a modified and expanded version of the original title.
The 1968 may revolt in france repeated in may 2020 in the united statesFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to make a comparative analysis between the May 1968 uprising in France and the May 2020 uprising in the United States. The social injustice practiced by the dominant capitalist order that existed in France in 1968 and the one that exists in the United States in 2020 was the factor that contributed to the popular revolt in both countries that it will be repeated all over the world because the economic and social conditions of the populations will be worsen over time with the collapse of the globalized capitalist system.
Latin Americans Are FuriousPeople are no longer remaining silent.docxcroysierkathey
Latin Americans Are Furious
People are no longer remaining silent in the region, and continued government attempts at repression will only make matters worse.
Jorge Ramos
By Jorge Ramos
Mr. Ramos is an anchor for the Univision network and the author of “Stranger: The Challenge of a Latino Immigrant in the Trump Era.”
Nov. 8, 2019 New York Times
There is a rage brewing in Latin America.
Aware that they don’t live in real democracies, the people of Venezuela, Nicaragua and Bolivia are taking to the streets. In Chile, Ecuador and Haiti, citizens are angry about social inequality and the lack of economic opportunity.
Meanwhile, Argentina’s government is turning back to the Peronist-Kirchnerian left, and Mexico’s drug-related violence continues to spiral out of control. Other countries in the region aren’t faring much better.
Within this chaotic atmosphere in Latin America, there are three major aspects at play: Inequality, protests and social media, and authoritarian leanings.
Inequality
Latin America is still the most unequal region in the world; a huge gap continues to separate the wealthy and the poor. The sad lesson here is that while democracy is certainly necessary, it isn’t enough. From colonial times through today, Latin American economies have been set up for the benefit of the few. After decades of authoritarianism, many nations had hoped that, in addition to voting rights, economic welfare would be a reality for all. It was not to be.
I recently heard a young Chilean protester say this: “The poor people of Chile took to the streets because they can’t take it anymore. Because they want water. Because the government took away the rivers. Because they have us young people selling our lives on the streets to pay miserable fees. The people of Chile are finally awake, and they won’t fall asleep ever again.”
The president, Sebastián Piñera, has expressed his regrets. “I’m aware that we showed a complete lack of vision, and so I apologize to my fellow citizens,” he said in a nationally televised broadcast. But before he apologized he sent the military into the streets, resulting in several deaths, and established a curfew, the first declared in Chile since the end of Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship.
When someone apologizes after the tanks have been sent in and people have died, it doesn’t seem particularly sincere. “Sending the military to restore order is a high-risk and sensitive decision,” José Miguel Vivanco, the director of Human Rights Watch for the Americas, told me in an interview. Mr. Vivanco pointed to Argentina, Chile and other countries where the military class has been associated with brutal dictatorships.
Something similar happened recently in Ecuador, where protests against the economic policies that President Lenín Moreno had put in place — after he had agreed to a controversial loan from the International Monetary Fund — were violently repressed. The United Nations received allegations of human rights abuses by the ...
Political GeographyPart 2 The State & the MilitaryE.docxstilliegeorgiana
Political Geography
Part 2: The State & the Military
Early Politics
Authoritarian tradition – conquistadors, colonialism; major pre‐
colonial empires
Since independence: twin threads – democracy and
authoritarianism, hybrid forms of authoritarian democracy
Elite retreat, rise of caudillos agrarian elite reemerge
(modernizing dictators); caciques bring out the vote in rural
areas (only 5% of adult males vote in Mexico, Argentina in
late 19th century)
Stability, economic growth, immigration brings some new and
radical political influences (ex. Anarchist trade movement in
Argentina); urban working class harder to control than
peasantry
Rise of Populism
Catalyst for change: worldwide depression & rise of ISI
ended dominance of agrarian elite and a shift in politics
to populism (appealing to the masses); the state
replaces the caudillo as all‐powerful provider; Cardenas
in Mexico, Vargas in Brazil, Ibanez in Chile, Peron in
Argentina
Urban‐oriented political model – this model
coincides with ISI and industrialists and industrial
workers are a major support base for leaders –
more popular in larger countries (more
industrialized)
Corporatism – ruling parties set up and controlled
labor unions and other mass organizations – they
exchanged support by these organizations in return
for improvements
State/party machine controlled elections;
opposition excluded from state’s bounty,
hounded by legal system, physical intimidation
Argentina’s
Peron
Rise of Populism
Nationalistic – populists condemned Latin America’s
dependence on outside powers and often nationalized key
industries – Mexico’s oil (1938), Argentina’s railroads (1948)
Initial success of ISI helped fund the expanded state and
programs
States with smaller, weaker economies military dictators
take over in 1930s (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Cuba, Dominican
Republic); in power for decades, stifling political
modernization and sowing seeds of future upheaval,
revolutions (Cuba 1959, Nicaragua 1979)
Fall of Populism
Downturn of ISI led to a fall in populism, and a number of
factors led to the take over of politics by the military in
some state – Brazil (1964), Argentina (1966)
Economic crisis (waning of growth) broke down
improbably industrialist/worker alliance; expansion of
social groups (middle class) wanting a voice in politics;
radical elements such as militant student movements
inspired by Cuban Revolution
Military dictatorships that emerged during this period
were supported during Cold War by the US, and they also
had popular support (especially among the middle class)
to restore order (improve economic situation)
Military rule led to National Security Doctrine –
promoted the defeat of ‘internal subversion’ – basically,
anything that threatened the status quo
As a result, human rights and rule of law became
redundant; there was supervision of all activities in
the national space; and military gov ...
The paper also seeks to highlight the extent to which state institutions in Egypt are catching up with the global trends of governance and organizational modernization through presenting a set of international indicators of Egypt's political, and socioeconomic performance starting 2014. The author's proposition is that a new comprehensive political framework is needed to push the current restructuring plans and create public backup for the ongoing administrative and economic reform measures to succeed. The author also argues that state fragility is purely a political question, not a technocratic issue, that needs to be primarily addressed in order for other reform programs, both economic and social, to show effective and concrete results. Statistical information used is mainly compiled from secondary sources, including governmental and international reports.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
2. Contents
- Background Information
- Status Quo Ante
-Transformation: How ItTook Place?
-The Role of the International Community
- Situation After
- Key Political Figures
- References
5. Background
Information
(Cont’d)
- Area: 756,096.3 km2
- Capital: Santiago
- Language: Spanish
- Currency: Pesco
- Population: 17.6 million people
- Political System: Presidential
- Economy: Diversified and free market based with a
good standing record of exports
6. Background
Information
(Cont’d)
-The country was founded in the 19th century.
- It has always been a democracy before Pinochet.
- It was ruled by Salvador Allende until a 1973 U.S
coup d’etat took place. (The Camelot Plan)
7. StatusQuo
Ante
Human rights violations; e.g: Operation Condor,
and Caravan of Death.Total number of killed,
tortured or imprisoned for political reasons reached
40,018.
The Congress of Chile dissolved, the Constitution
suspended, and dissidents persecuted.
1980 Plebiscite: 8-year term
The Chicago Boys
Economic boom (at first), neoliberal structural
reforms, high financial liquidity.
The 1982 Economic Crisis: U.S & Europe
8. Transformation
Building consent and unity
Focus on what democracy should deliver: Economic
growth and wellbeing.
Constitutional framework
Compromise
Institutional reform not individual replacement
Long terms gradual change
Flexibility
9. Transformation
In a plebiscite on 5 October 1988, Pinochet was
denied a second eight-year term as president
(56% against 44%). Chileans elected a new
president and the majority of members of a
bicameral congress on 14 December 1989.
Christian Democrat Patricio Aylwin, the candidate
of a coalition of 17 political parties called the
Concertación, received an absolute majority of
votes (55%). President Aylwin served from 1990 to
1994, in what was considered a transition period.
10. The Role of the
International
Community
- Main international entities engaged in
transformation:TheWorld Bank, the IMF and the
UNDP.
- EuropeVs U.S.
- The 1970s Carter AdministrationVsThe 1980s
ReganAdministartion
- Chief post transition contribution: Reforming the
judiciary!
11. The Role of the
International
Community
(Cont’d)
- In 1975, the UN GeneralAssembly formally
denounced abuses such as ‘the use of
institutionalized torture.’
- The “UNAd HocWorking Group on Chile
concluded that cases of torture, as crimes
against humanity, committed by the military
government should prosecuted by the
international community.”
12. The Role of
the Intl
Community
(Cont’d)
Turning Point: The assassination of former Chilean
ambassador Orlando Letelier inWashington DC in
September 1976.
The Jimmy Carter Administration: Hard stance on
human rights violations.
In the same year, the US Congress voted to implement a
a $27.5 million arms embargo on Chile as a result of its
violations of human rights.
Prohibition imposed by Carter’s government on
credits from the Ex-Im Bank.
13. The Role of
the Intl
Community
(Cont’d)
- In total, it is estimated that at least $3 million
dollars in foreign funds was channeled into private
civil society groups and research centers between
1980 and 1988.22
- Main donors: Germany, Sweden, the U.S, the
Netherlands, the U.K, and Canada.
- Chile’s technocrats and intellectuals were heavily
supported by foreign academic institutions,
especially those in the United States and England.
14. The Role of
the Intl
Community
(Cont’d)
- Financially support for political dissidents.
- Facilitating intellectual discourse.
- Harboring exiles.
- Speaking out in favor of human rights.
- Ameliorating antagonisms among the political
opposition.
- Diplomatic pressure.
- Media coverage of Pinochet atrocities.
- Commercial sanctions.
15. Situation
After
- One of the most stable democracies in Latin
America.
- Less tensions between the military and civilians on
ruling issues.
- Pinochet and the Chilean political right retained
their powerful position and managed to impose
restrictive conditions on the Chilean transition,
which then led to a defective democracy with
“authoritarian enclaves”.
- Last Latin American country to change to
democracy in 1990 but still a pioneer on the
economic level.
16. Situation
After (Cont’d)
The 1980 constitution included political
restrictions but provided strong institutional
framework for the later on neoliberal economic
moves.
18. Situation
After (Cont’d)
The economy’s performance from 1990 to 1998:
- High macroeconomic stability.
- Average economic growth of 8.3 %.
- Reduction of inflation from 27.3 % to 4.7 %.
- Annual surpluses in the state budget.
- Expansion of social expenditures.
-Tax reform.
- Adjustments of labor legislation to international
standards.
- High level of poverty reduced by about half.
- Levels of employment and wages remained
relatively high.
- In 1997 Chile achieved the highest Human
Development Index numbers in Latin America.
19. Situation
After (Cont’d)
- Pinochet’s arrest in London in October 1998 and its
consequences further accentuated this
development and led to a deeper legal and political
confrontation with human rights violations.
- The Chilean military had also gone through a
learning process, linked to a generational change as
well, allowing for normalization of the relationship
between civil society and the military.
- The judiciary was noticeably reformed and
strengthened.
25. References
BertelsmannTransformation Index (2003).
Bachelet. M (June 2011). Pathways of
Democratic Transitions: Reflections on the
Chilean Experience.
Keech.W (Sept 2004). Democracy, Dictatorship
and Economic Performance in Chile. Duke
University.
Angell.A. (1993).TheTransition to Democracy in
Chile:A Model or an ExceptionalCase? Oxford
University Press.
Alejandro. O (2010). International Effects on the
Democratic Onset in Chile. Stanford Journal of
International Relations
Editor's Notes
Gained independence in 1810 from Spanish
Was ruled by the Incas in 16th century alongside some other tribes before the Europeans came in.
Agriculture (Wood, vegetables) . Minerals (Copper)
Santiago is the largest city
Roman Catholic
English is widely understood in major citiesClimate is different (dry to the north) - desert separating from neighbours
From 1976 until 1981, the economy recovered and expanded at a rate of between 6.5% and 8% per year.” Indeed, this period was the “golden phase of the Chilean economy under the military junta. However, from 1977 to 1982, Chile’s foreign debt tripled, increasing from $5.2 billion to $17.2 billion, precluding what would become a period of economic mismanagement and a decline in public opinion in favor of the junta.
- Chicago Boys: a group of economic technocrats who largely held doctoral degrees from the University of Chicago. They gradually advanced to ministerial posts and other high government offices, with strong connections to the banking and finance sector.
The National Accord for a Full Transition to Democracy: Broad coalition of the opposition
As of the mid 1970s, the international community was beginning to take notice of Pinochet’s brutality. In 1975, a sequence of alleged humanitarian atrocities prompted the UN Human Rights Commission to send a team of observers to Chile—an action prompted not by the United States, but by several western European nations.
From 1983 until the plebiscite that marked the death of the Pinochet regime in 1988, international aid and political consulting flowed from both the United States and the European Union to the grateful opposition parties in Chile. Among nations that donated to the political opposition camps in Chile in the mid-1980s were Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Canada, France, and the United States. But before aid could directly ameliorate the political and economic antagonisms of the opposition political camps, it catalyzed opposition in Chile more broadly by supporting a nascent sentiment of protest by Chile’s technocratic and intellectual classes. The principle role of these nations, then, was providing aid not only directly to the political parties themselves, but also to a technocratic class with nascent opposition to the Pinochet regime.
The Catholic Church also played a considerable role, both domestically and internationally, in facilitating competition in the 1988 referendum. in 1983, Chilean Cardinal Francisco Fresno drafted the National Agreement for the Transition to Democracy and submitted it to the US Department of State, which quickly expressed support for a peaceful return of electoral democracy. The agreement was quickly ratified by six international parties, who then met in conference at the United States' Woodrow Wilson Center to discuss its political implications. Then, in a significant act of solidarity, both foreign affairs committees of the US Congress approved resolutions supporting the agreement
Enclaves included: Constitutional privileges of the military, appointed senators, and parts of the electoral system
3rd wave democratization: Nepal and India - 1974 and ended in 1988.
Physician
Received the Medal of Lenin
He was staunch in his support for the Chilean 1991 National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation which exposed the Chilean government's brutalities
A lawyer, author and professor.
33rd and 35th President of Chile 2006: 2010 & 2014:2018
Ex Minister of health and defense and UN Women director
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFXv2xu1U1U
He is the 36th and current President of Chile, following his election in December 2017. He also served as the 34th President from 2010 to 2014.
Commercial engineer. Harvard (economics)