Pierre Bourdieu argues that cultural capital, educational capital, and economic capital influence academic achievement. He claims that middle-class families possess more of these types of capital. Cultural capital refers to the knowledge and attitudes developed through socialization within middle-class culture. Bourdieu asserts that middle-class children are socialized to value education more, whereas working-class children feel school devalues their culture. Studies also show middle-class parents can afford homes near better schools and private education for their children, converting economic capital to educational advantages.