Phytoremediation uses plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soil, water, or sediments. There are several types of phytoremediation depending on the contaminants. Phytoextraction involves plants absorbing metal contaminants into their roots and shoots, which are then harvested. Rhizofiltration uses plant roots to absorb or adsorb metals from surface water or groundwater. Phytostabilization reduces the mobility and bioavailability of contaminants in soil through root absorption and accumulation. Phytoremediation can transform or degrade organic chemical contaminants through metabolic processes in the plant or associated rhizosphere microbes. While an environmentally friendly approach, phytoremediation is a

1. PHYTOREMEDIATION
Presented By :
Md. Chand
M.Sc. (PC) 2nd Sem. (2021-23)
Submitted to :
Dr. Nimisha Jadon
(Head of Dept.)
Jiwaji University Gwalior

2. Introduction :-
‘Phytoremediation’ is two words combined together both
are taken from greek language which means
Phyto - Plant.
Remediation – Restoring Balance.
 The direct use of green plants and their associated
microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in
soil, sludge, sediments and surface water or ground water,
this process is called phytoremediation.
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3. Plants;
Plants Including :-
Sunflower
Ragweed
Cabbage
Geranium, etc.
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4. How these Phytoremediations works?
Phytoremediation basically takes advantage
of plants natural ability to absorb, collect or
metabolize contaminants from the soil or
any other media in which plant grows.
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5. Types Of Phytoremediation
If the contaminants is metal based there are three types;
1. Phytoextraction.
2. Rhizofiltration.
3. Phytostabilization.
If the contaminants taken up by the plant are the organic chemical, there
are two types;
A. Phytotransformation.
B. Rhizosphere bioremediation/Rhizodegradation.
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6. 1. Phytoextraction :-
Where the metal contaminants are present
in soil, the plants are absorbed that
contaminants to the root then those
contaminated pollutants moves to the
upper portion, these plants then harvested
contaminants discarded properly, it may
also possible that we can recover original
metal from those plants.
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7. 2. Rhizofiltration :-
This method is basically applied to the surface and ground water
remediation. In this process metals are extracted either by
absorption through the roots of the plants or intractive root
absorption.
The rise of filtration first of all plants which can be
used for rhizofiltration are grown in clean water, when they are
fully grown then they are transplanted to the contaminated water
sites where is vital contamination. After sometime when roots
become saturated with metals the plants are again harvested and
new plants are planted there, if some contaminants are remain.
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8. Refers to the immobilizarion of contaminants in the soil through;
 Absorption and accumulation by roots.
 Precipitation within the roots.
Eventually, the mobility of the contaminants is reduced, migration to the
the ground water is prevented and thus bioavailability of metal into food
chain is reduced.
3. Phytostabilization :- 07

9. A. Phytotransformation :-
In this process which basically absorbs and break
down the organic chemicals that are present in the
contaminated soil or ground water by using
metabolic processes.
B. Rhizosphere :-
It’s the area around the root that is known as ‘rhizosphere’ there may be
present many microbes like yeast, fungi, bacteria, plants releases some kind of
natural substances that basically stimulate the growth of that microbes.
And after the stimulation those microbes will carry out the process
of bioremediation.
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10. Harvest and Disposal of Plants :-
• If organic chemical contaminants are
degraded into water and carbon dioxide
then no need of disposal.
• Incineration is used to dispose plants that
have absorbed large amounts of
contaminants.
• Metals can be recovered through
controlled incineration.
• Other methods include sun-drying
composting & leaching.
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11. Advantages and Dis-Advantages :-
Advantages :-
 Environmental friendly.
 Plants may treat more than one pollutants at once.
 Metals absorbed by plants may be extracted from harvested plant.
 Cost effective & asthetically pleased.
 May reduce contaminants entry into the environment.
Dis-Advantages :-
 Time-taking/slow process.
 Phytoremediation works when contaminants is within reach of plant roots.
 Some poisonous metals absorbed by plants is potential risk when they enter the
food chain.
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