A basic introduction to Bioremediation, its types, categories, and strategies and also discussed the phytoremediation process in detail..................................
Phytoremediation may be applied wherever the soil or static water environment has become polluted or is suffering ongoing chronic pollution.Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges .
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Phytoremediation is defined as the use of higher plants for the cost-effective, environmentally friendly rehabilitation of soil and groundwater contaminated by toxic metals and organic compounds.
Phytoremediation /ˌfaɪtəʊrɪˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/ (from Ancient Greek φυτό (phyto), meaning 'plant', and Latin remedium, meaning 'restoring balance') refers to the technologies that use living plants to clean up soil, air, and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants.
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phytoremediation process
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phytoremediation trees
what is phytoremediation
phytoremediation article
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A basic introduction to Bioremediation, its types, categories, and strategies and also discussed the phytoremediation process in detail..................................
Phytoremediation may be applied wherever the soil or static water environment has become polluted or is suffering ongoing chronic pollution.Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges .
phytoremediation plant list
phytoremediation advantages disadvantages
phytoremediation hemp
phytoremediation process
plants for phytoremediation
phytoremediation project
phytoremediation ppt
phytoremediation research papers
environmental engineering project topics
final year project topics
environmental topics for projects
environmental engineering research topics
engineering final year project ideas
environmental engineering projects
final year computer engineering projects
final year project for electrical engineering
phytoremediation plant list
plants for phytoremediation
what is phytoremediation
examples of phytoremediation
phytoremediation process
phytoremediation trees
best plants for phytoremediation
types of bioremediation
Phytoremediation is defined as the use of higher plants for the cost-effective, environmentally friendly rehabilitation of soil and groundwater contaminated by toxic metals and organic compounds.
Phytoremediation /ˌfaɪtəʊrɪˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/ (from Ancient Greek φυτό (phyto), meaning 'plant', and Latin remedium, meaning 'restoring balance') refers to the technologies that use living plants to clean up soil, air, and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants.
phytoremediation plant list
phytoremediation hemp
phytoremediation definition
best plants for phytoremediation
phytoremediation of heavy metals
phytoremediation pdf
phytoremediation pros and cons
phytoremediation plant list
phytoremediation pdf
phytoremediation process
types of phytoremediation
phytoremediation trees
what is phytoremediation
phytoremediation article
phytoremediation examples
Phytoremediation and its mechanism - simran sonuleSimranSonule
1.introduction : Phytoremediation
2.application
3.mechanism of Phytoremediation
a) phytostabilization
b) rhizofiltration
c) phytovolatization
d) phytotransformation
e) phytoextraction
4. Advantages of Phytoremediation
5.Disadvantages of Phytoremediation
6.selection of plants
PHYTOREMEDIATION IN ENVT. MANAGEMENT - BIOTECHNOLGY ROLE...KANTHARAJAN GANESAN
It deals with, the various technologies involved in phytoremediation, mechanism, factors and biotechnology interventions for the improvement of remediation process etc...
PHYTOREMEDIATION - Using Plants To Clean Up Our Environment - By HaseebHaseeb Gerraddict
Phytoremediation is the direct use of green plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soils, sludges, sediments, surface water, or ground water.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation refers to the use of either naturally occurring or
deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down
environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site.
The process of bioremediation enhances the rate of the natural
microbial degradation of contaminants by supplementing the
indigenous microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) with nutrients, carbon
sources, or electron donors (biostimulation, biorestoration) or by
adding an enriched culture of microorganisms that have specific
characteristics that allow them to degrade the desired contaminant at
a quicker rate (bioaugmentation).
It is a cleaning process that degrades dangerous contaminants using
naturally existing microbes. These bacteria may consume and
degrade organic chemicals as a source of food and energy, degrade
organic substances that are dangerous to living creatures, including
humans, and degrade the organic pollutants into inert products.
Because the bacteria already exist in nature, they offer no pollution
concern
Bioremediation is the use of
microorganisms or microbial processes
to detoxify and degrade environmental
contaminants.
Microorganisms have been used for the
routine treatment and transformation
of waste products for several decades
Bioremediation strategies rely on
having the correct microorganisms in
the right location at the right time in the
right environment for degradation to
occur. The appropriate microorganisms
are bacteria and fungi that have the
physiological and metabolic
competence to breakdown pollutants
Objective of Bioremediation
The objective of bioremediation is to decrease pollutant levels to
undetectable, nontoxic, or acceptable levels, i.e., within regulatory
limits, or, ideally, to totally mineralize organopollutants to carbon
dioxide
BIOREMEDIATION AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION
Bioremediation is defined as ‘the process of using microorganisms to remove
the environmental pollutants where microbes serve as scavengers’.
• The removal of organic wastes by microbes leads to environmental clean-up.
The other names/terms used for bioremediation are biotreatment,
bioreclamation, and biorestoration.
• The term “Xenobiotics” (xenos means foreign) refers to the unnatural, foreign
and synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides, herbicides, refrigerants, solvents
and other organic compounds.
• The microbial degradation of xenobiotics also helps in reducing the
environmental pollution. Pseudomonas which is a soil microorganism
effectively degrades xenobiotics.
• Different strains of Pseudomonas that are capable of detoxifying more than
100 organic compounds (e.g. phenols, biphenyls, organophosphates,
naphthalene, etc.) have been identified.
• Some other microbial strains are also known to have the capacity to degrade
xenobiotics such as Mycobacterium, Alcaligenes, Norcardia, etc.
Factors affecting biodegradation
The factors that affect the
biodegradation are:
• the chemical nature of
xenobiotics,
• the conc
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1.introduction : Phytoremediation
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3.mechanism of Phytoremediation
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PHYTOREMEDIATION - Using Plants To Clean Up Our Environment - By HaseebHaseeb Gerraddict
Phytoremediation is the direct use of green plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soils, sludges, sediments, surface water, or ground water.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation refers to the use of either naturally occurring or
deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down
environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site.
The process of bioremediation enhances the rate of the natural
microbial degradation of contaminants by supplementing the
indigenous microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) with nutrients, carbon
sources, or electron donors (biostimulation, biorestoration) or by
adding an enriched culture of microorganisms that have specific
characteristics that allow them to degrade the desired contaminant at
a quicker rate (bioaugmentation).
It is a cleaning process that degrades dangerous contaminants using
naturally existing microbes. These bacteria may consume and
degrade organic chemicals as a source of food and energy, degrade
organic substances that are dangerous to living creatures, including
humans, and degrade the organic pollutants into inert products.
Because the bacteria already exist in nature, they offer no pollution
concern
Bioremediation is the use of
microorganisms or microbial processes
to detoxify and degrade environmental
contaminants.
Microorganisms have been used for the
routine treatment and transformation
of waste products for several decades
Bioremediation strategies rely on
having the correct microorganisms in
the right location at the right time in the
right environment for degradation to
occur. The appropriate microorganisms
are bacteria and fungi that have the
physiological and metabolic
competence to breakdown pollutants
Objective of Bioremediation
The objective of bioremediation is to decrease pollutant levels to
undetectable, nontoxic, or acceptable levels, i.e., within regulatory
limits, or, ideally, to totally mineralize organopollutants to carbon
dioxide
BIOREMEDIATION AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION
Bioremediation is defined as ‘the process of using microorganisms to remove
the environmental pollutants where microbes serve as scavengers’.
• The removal of organic wastes by microbes leads to environmental clean-up.
The other names/terms used for bioremediation are biotreatment,
bioreclamation, and biorestoration.
• The term “Xenobiotics” (xenos means foreign) refers to the unnatural, foreign
and synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides, herbicides, refrigerants, solvents
and other organic compounds.
• The microbial degradation of xenobiotics also helps in reducing the
environmental pollution. Pseudomonas which is a soil microorganism
effectively degrades xenobiotics.
• Different strains of Pseudomonas that are capable of detoxifying more than
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• Some other microbial strains are also known to have the capacity to degrade
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The factors that affect the
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• the conc
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phytoremediation-111229093327-phpapp02 (1).pdf
1. PHYTOREMEDIATION
Bioremediation through the use of plants which
mitigate the environmental problem without
the need to excavate the contaminant material
and dispose of it elsewhere.
phyto = plant, and
remedium = restoring balance.
2. Advantages
• the cost of the phytoremediation is lower than that of
traditional processes both in situ and ex situ
• the plants can be easily monitored
• the possibility of the recovery and re-use of valuable
metals (by companies specializing in “phyto mining”)
• it is potentially the least harmful method because it
uses naturally occurring organisms and preserves the
environment in a more natural state.
3. Limitations
Phytoremediation is limited to the surface area and depth
occupied by the roots.
slow growth and low biomass require a long-term
commitment
with plant-based systems of remediation, it is not possible
to completely prevent the leaching of contaminants into
the groundwater
the survival of the plants is affected by the toxicity of the
contaminated land and the general condition of the soil.
bio-accumulation of contaminants, especially metals, into
the plants which then pass into the food chain, from
primary level consumers upwards and/or requires the safe
disposal of the affected plant material.
6. Phytoextraction
Phytoextraction (or phytoaccumulation) uses plants or algae to remove
contaminants from soils, sediments or water into harvestable plant biomass.
Advantages:
• The main advantage of phytoextraction is environmental friendliness.
Traditional methods which are used for cleaning up heavy metal
contaminated soil disrupt soil structure and reduce soil productivity,
whereas phytoextraction can clean up the soil without causing any kind of
harm to soil quality.
• Another benefit of phytoextraction is that it is less expensive than any
other clean up process.
Disadvantages: As this process is controlled by plants, it takes more time than
traditional soil clean up methods.
7. Examples of phytoextraction from soils
• Arsenic, using the Sunflower, or the Chinese Brake fern , a
hyperaccumulator. Chinese Brake fern stores arsenic in its leaves.
• Cadmium, using Willow. As willow has some specific characteristics like
high transport capacity of heavy metals from root to shoot,huge amount
of biomass production, can use also for production of bio energy in the
biomass energy power plant.
• Cadmium and zinc, using Alpine pennycress, a hyperaccumulator of these
metals at levels that would be toxic to many plants. On the other
hand, the presence of copper seems to impair its growth.
• Lead, using Indian Mustard, Ragweed, Hemp
Dogbane, or Poplar trees, which sequester lead in its biomass.
• Uranium, using sunflowers, as used after the Chernobyl accident.
• Mercury, selenium and organic pollutants such as polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) have been removed from soils by transgenic plants .
8. Phytostabilization
Phytostabilization focuses on long-term
stabilization and containment of the pollutant.
Unlike phytoextraction, phytostabilization
mainly focuses on sequestering pollutants in
soil near the roots but not in plant tissues.
Pollutants become less bioavailable and
livestock, wildlife, and human exposure is
reduced.
9. Phytotransformation
Chemical modification of environmental Substances as a direct
result of plant metabolism.
After uptake of the contaminats, plant enzymes increase the
polarity of the contaminants by adding functional groups such as
hydroxyl groups (-OH). This is known as Phase I metabolism.
In the second stage of phytotransformation, known as Phase II
metabolism, plant biomolecules such as glucose and amino acids
are added to the polarized xenobiotic to further increase the
polarity (known as conjugation). In the final stage of
phytotransformation (Phase III metabolism), a sequestration of
the xenobiotic occurs within the plant.
e.g: Trinitrotoluene phytotransformation
10. • Phytostimulation - enhancement of soil
microbial activity for the degradation of
contaminants, typically by organisms that associate
with roots. This process is also known
asrhizosphere degradation.
• Phytovolatilization - removal of substances from soil or
water with release into the air, sometimes as a result of
phytotransformation to more volatile and / or less
polluting substances.
• Rhizofiltration - filtering water through a mass of roots
to remove toxic substances or excess nutrients. The
pollutants remain absorbed in or adsorbed to the
roots.
11. The role of genetics
Genetic engineering is a powerful method for
enhancing natural phytoremediation
capabilities, or for introducing new capabilities
into plants. For example, genes encoding a
nitroreductase from a bacterium were inserted
into tobacco and showed faster removal of TNT
and enhanced resistance to the toxic effects of
TNT