The document summarizes the anatomy and basic function of the heart. It discusses the heart's size, location, chambers, blood flow pathways (pulmonary and systemic circulation), and electrical conduction system. It also briefly describes common cardiovascular problems like hypertension, congestive heart failure, and ischemic heart disease.

1. Heart
Anatomy &
Basic
Function

2. HEART
• Pumping organ
• Muscular organ
• Pump Blood

3. – Size, Location, and Orientation
– 12cm in length, 8cm wide and 6cm thick
– weight about 200-425gm
– Average heart beat (10,0000 time one
day)
– Pump 7.571L. blood
– Located near lungs and slight left of the
breast bone
– 4 compartments (LA, RA, LV, RV)
Heart Anatomy

4. (1) Cardiovascular Function
• Cardiovascular = Heart, Arteries, Veins, Blood
• Function:Function:
–Transportation
–Blood = transport vehicle
–Carries oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and
hormones
–Movement provided by pumping of heart

5. (2) Cardiac Tissues
• Outermost = Pericardium & Epicardium
– Pericardium is a membrane holding heart to
diaphragm and sternum
– Pericardium secretes lubricant (serous fluid)
(separate inner & outer layer)
– Allow heart movement
– Epicardium is outermost muscle tissue
• Middle = Myocardium
– Contains contractile heart muscle fibers
• Innermost = Endocardium
Help in contraction

6. (3) Cardiac Chambers
• Human heart has 4 chambers
– 2 Atrium
• Primary receiving chambers, do not actually pump
• Blood flows into atria
– 2 Ventricles
• Pump blood
• Blood sent out of heart + circulated
• Chambers are separated by septum…
• walls of heart are separated by septum

7. Septum

8. Deoxygenated
Blood
…To the
lungs
Oxygenated
Blood
…To the rest
of the body

9. (4) Pulmonary Circulation
• Pulmonary = Deoxygenated Blood
• Involves Right Side of Heart
• Pathway:Pathway:
Superior / Inferior Vena Cava  Right Atrium 
Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle  Pulmonary
artery  Left Pulmonary Artery  Lungs  Blood
Oxygenated

10. (5) Systemic Circulation
• Systemic = Oxygenated Blood
• Involves Left Side of Heart
• Pathway:Pathway:
Left Pulmonary Vein  Left Atrium  Bicuspid
Valve  Left Ventricle  Aorta  All Other
Tissues

11. Heart have two nodes which produce
impulses that gives co-ordination to heart
to contract
SA node AV node
Located in left arterial wall have specialized
cell (Purkinje fibers)

12. • Heart tissue are permanent tissue that
does not heal or regenerate when damage

13. PROBLEMS RELATED TO
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• Hypertension
• Congestive Heart failure
• Ischemic Heart disease

14. Hypertension
• Also called “High Blood Pressure”
• Blood pressure is the force, which the
blood put against the walls of arteries as it
flows through them.
• Uncontrolled blood flow can damage heart
in many ways such as:

15. • Coronary artery disease:
Hypertension gradually increases the pressure of blood flowing
through your arteries. When arteries don't allow blood to flow
freely through your coronary arteries, you can experience chest
pain, a heart attack or irregular heart rhythms.
• Enlarged left heart
High blood pressure forces your heart to work harder than
necessary, this causes the left ventricle to thicken or stiffen
which limit the ventricle's ability to pump blood to your body.
This condition increases your risk of heart attack, heart failure
and sudden cardiac death.
• Heart failure
The stress on your heart caused by hypertension can cause your
heart muscle to weaken and work less efficiently. Eventually,
your stressed heart simply begins to bear out and fail. Damage
from heart attacks adds to this problem.

16. Congestive Heart failure
In Congestive Heart failure heart's pumping
power is weaker than normal. In heart
failure, blood moves through the heart and
body at a slower rate, and pressure in the
heart increases. As a result, the heart
cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients
to meet the body's needs. Abnormalities of
the heart structure and rhythm are also
responsible for left ventricular congestive
heart failure.

18. Ischemic Heart disease
Ischemic heart disease (coronary artery
disease) is often caused by atherosclerosis,
fatty plaque deposits that narrow artery
walls leading to the heart and reduce blood
flow. When a clogged artery completely
blocks blood flow, a heart attack occurs.