Physics formulae
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This document provides physics formulae for density, velocity, force, momentum, power, kinetic energy, potential energy, Ohm's law, index of refraction, and equations for acceleration due to gravity at different heights and depths from Earth's surface, as well as escape velocity. Key equations include: Density = mass / volume, Velocity = displacement / time, Force = rate of change of momentum, Power = work / time, Kinetic energy = (1/2)mv^2, Potential energy = mgh, Ohm's law = V=IR, Index of refraction = c/v.
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Obj 2 force exerted by gravity
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change, while weight is a measure of gravitational force. Gravity is an attractive force between objects due to their masses, causing all objects on Earth to accelerate at 9.8 m/s^2 toward the ground. If a rock was dropped from a cliff and took 3 seconds to hit the ground, using the gravity acceleration of 9.8 m/s^2 and the equation of motion, its velocity would be calculated as 29.4 m/s.
work and energy
This document discusses work, energy, and their related concepts. It defines work as force times displacement, with units of joules. Kinetic energy is defined as one-half mass times velocity squared and depends on an object's motion. Potential energy is defined as mass times gravitational field strength times height, and depends on an object's position or shape. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed between forms. Power is defined as the rate of doing work, or work per unit time, with units of watts.
Work and Energy
1. Work is done when a force causes an object to be displaced in the direction of the force. Work is calculated as force multiplied by displacement.
2. Energy is the ability of an object to do work and is measured in joules. There are different forms of energy including kinetic, potential, chemical, and mechanical energy.
3. Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion and depends on the object's mass and speed. Potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or shape, such as from raising an object vertically or compressing a spring.
1 accelerated motion force
Newton's second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object causes it to accelerate in the direction of the force, with the acceleration proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the object's mass. Gravity causes all falling objects near the Earth's surface to accelerate at 9.8 m/s^2 due to the force of gravity. The force, mass, and acceleration of an object can be calculated using the equation F=ma.
Work energy and second law
The document summarizes work, energy, and Newton's second law. It defines work as a force applied over a distance, and discusses how work can be positive, negative, or zero depending on the direction of force and distance. It also introduces the work-energy theorem, which states that the work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy. Potential energy stored can also be converted to kinetic energy. The document distinguishes between different types of potential and kinetic energy.
Chap 2 sec 1
Matter occupies space and has mass. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. Mass is the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of location, while weight depends on gravitational force and can vary depending on location. Mass is measured in kilograms and is a measure of an object's inertia, while weight is measured in Newtons and depends on gravitational pull.
Gravitational field
This document discusses key concepts relating to gravitational fields and forces. It defines a gravitational field as any region where the gravitational force of a mass is felt. Newton's law of gravitation states that the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s2 and decreases with increasing distance from the center of a mass. Escape velocity is the minimum speed needed to escape a planet's gravitational pull without further propulsion.
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Obj 2 force exerted by gravity
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change, while weight is a measure of gravitational force. Gravity is an attractive force between objects due to their masses, causing all objects on Earth to accelerate at 9.8 m/s^2 toward the ground. If a rock was dropped from a cliff and took 3 seconds to hit the ground, using the gravity acceleration of 9.8 m/s^2 and the equation of motion, its velocity would be calculated as 29.4 m/s.
work and energy
This document discusses work, energy, and their related concepts. It defines work as force times displacement, with units of joules. Kinetic energy is defined as one-half mass times velocity squared and depends on an object's motion. Potential energy is defined as mass times gravitational field strength times height, and depends on an object's position or shape. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed between forms. Power is defined as the rate of doing work, or work per unit time, with units of watts.
Work and Energy
1. Work is done when a force causes an object to be displaced in the direction of the force. Work is calculated as force multiplied by displacement.
2. Energy is the ability of an object to do work and is measured in joules. There are different forms of energy including kinetic, potential, chemical, and mechanical energy.
3. Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion and depends on the object's mass and speed. Potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or shape, such as from raising an object vertically or compressing a spring.
1 accelerated motion force
Newton's second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object causes it to accelerate in the direction of the force, with the acceleration proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the object's mass. Gravity causes all falling objects near the Earth's surface to accelerate at 9.8 m/s^2 due to the force of gravity. The force, mass, and acceleration of an object can be calculated using the equation F=ma.
Work energy and second law
The document summarizes work, energy, and Newton's second law. It defines work as a force applied over a distance, and discusses how work can be positive, negative, or zero depending on the direction of force and distance. It also introduces the work-energy theorem, which states that the work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy. Potential energy stored can also be converted to kinetic energy. The document distinguishes between different types of potential and kinetic energy.
Chap 2 sec 1
Matter occupies space and has mass. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. Mass is the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of location, while weight depends on gravitational force and can vary depending on location. Mass is measured in kilograms and is a measure of an object's inertia, while weight is measured in Newtons and depends on gravitational pull.
Gravitational field
This document discusses key concepts relating to gravitational fields and forces. It defines a gravitational field as any region where the gravitational force of a mass is felt. Newton's law of gravitation states that the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s2 and decreases with increasing distance from the center of a mass. Escape velocity is the minimum speed needed to escape a planet's gravitational pull without further propulsion.
Work and energy
Work is defined scientifically as the product of the applied force and the displacement in the direction of the force. Work is done when a force causes an object to move, such as lifting a book or pushing it across a table. No work is done if there is no displacement, such as pushing against a wall. Work has the SI unit of joules. Energy exists in various forms including kinetic, potential, mechanical, electrical, chemical, and nuclear. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another within a closed system.
Work and energy
The document discusses different types of energy:
- Work is done when a force causes an object to move, and is calculated as work (W) equals force (F) multiplied by distance (d).
- Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and is calculated as kinetic energy (KE) equals one-half mass (m) multiplied by velocity (v) squared.
- Potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or state, such as height, and is calculated as potential energy (PE) equals mass (m) multiplied by gravity (g) multiplied by height (h).
Power Point Presentation ''Work Power Energy"
1) Work is done when a force causes an object to move through a distance. It is calculated as work = force x distance.
2) There are different types of energy including kinetic energy from motion, potential energy that is stored, and many others.
3) The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant, although it can change forms from one to another, such as potential to kinetic energy.
Hukum Newton Gravitasi
Newton's theory of universal gravitation proposes that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Newton realized that the moon and falling apples are attracted to Earth by the same force of gravity. He determined gravitational forces exist between all objects and derived the inverse-square law formula to calculate these forces. Examples of applying Newton's theory include calculating the masses of Earth and Sun from their gravitational interactions, and determining satellite speeds and orbital distances using formulas balancing gravitational and centrifugal forces.
Speed, time, distance
This document defines key concepts related to motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, force, friction, gravity, and mass. It explains that speed is distance divided by time, velocity includes both speed and direction, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Forces such as gravity and friction can cause or oppose motion depending on whether they are balanced or unbalanced. The law of universal gravitation describes how gravitational force is related to mass and distance. Formulas for calculating speed, distance, and time are also provided.
class 9 chapter 11 work and energy very helpful presentation
This document provides an overview of work, energy, and power. It defines work as force multiplied by displacement and defines the joule as the unit of work. It describes kinetic energy as the energy of motion and potential energy as stored energy due to position or shape. It states that energy can change forms through transformation but the total amount remains constant according to the law of conservation of energy. Finally, it defines power as the rate of doing work and commercial units like the kilowatt hour.
Gravitation
Gravitation is a force that exists between all material objects in the universe due to their mass. Gravity operates over all distances and on objects of all sizes. Newton's law of gravitation states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. A gravitational field is a region where gravitational force acts, and gravitational field strength describes how strong this force is at a given location. Gravitational potential is a scalar quantity that describes the work required to move an object to a specific point in a gravitational field, and gravitational potential energy is the energy stored due to an object's position in a gravitational field.
Speed, time, distance
Motion refers to an object changing position over time relative to a reference point. Speed is the distance an object travels divided by the time taken and is measured in meters per second or kilometers per hour. Average speed is the total distance divided by the total time. Velocity also includes direction of motion. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. A force is a push or pull measured in newtons, but a force being applied does not necessarily mean motion will occur. The net force is the combination of all acting forces on an object. Gravity is the force of attraction between objects due to their mass. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object that depends on its mass and location.
1.4.1 gravity again
The document discusses gravitational fields and the law of universal gravitation. It defines gravitational field lines and how they represent the gravitational field around an object. The closer the field lines, the stronger the gravitational field. The law of universal gravitation describes the gravitational force between two objects using mass, distance, and the gravitational constant. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field and depends on mass and distance from attracting objects.
Gravitational Fields
1) Newton proposed that all objects with mass attract each other with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
2) An object in free fall experiences a sensation of weightlessness because both it and the elevator/spacecraft it is in are accelerating downward at the same rate due to gravity, so there is no relative acceleration between them.
3) A satellite in orbit around a planet is weightless because the centripetal acceleration needed to maintain its orbit exactly counteracts the acceleration due to gravity, resulting in no net acceleration felt by objects in the spacecraft.
Work And Energy
The document discusses different types of energy including work, kinetic energy, and potential energy. It defines work as force exerted over a displacement and provides the formula W=F*d. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and is calculated as KE=1/2mv^2. Potential energy is stored energy, like gravitational potential energy which is calculated as PE=mgh.
Speed, time, distance
This document defines key concepts related to motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, force, friction, gravity, and mass. It explains that speed is distance divided by time, velocity includes both speed and direction, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Forces can be added or subtracted depending on their direction. Net force determines if motion occurs, with balanced forces resulting in no motion. Gravity is the force of attraction between objects due to their mass, and increases with mass but decreases with distance. Weight is the measure of gravitational force on an object and depends on its location and mass.
Work & Energy
Explain work, energy and power. The Law of Conservation of Energy is utilized as well as conservative and non conservative systems.
**More good stuff available at:
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> Law of Universal Gravitation
> Mass vs. weight
> Newton’s First Law of Motion
> Newton’s Second Law of Motion
> Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Kinematics examples
1) The object is released from rest at a height of -40.8 m above a reference point with an acceleration due to gravity of -9.81 m/s^2.
2) Using the kinematic equations, the final velocity vy is calculated to be -28.3 m/s.
3) As the object falls, it initially accelerates downward at g but then reaches a smaller acceleration a < g as drag force opposes the weight, until terminal velocity Vt is reached where drag equals weight and acceleration is zero.
1.1.1 gravitational fields
1. The document discusses gravitational fields and the simple pendulum experiment. It describes how the period of a pendulum is affected by the mass of the bob and the length of the string. The experiment can be used to calculate the acceleration due to gravity.
2. Gravitational potential energy is introduced. Lifting an object increases its gravitational potential energy, which is defined to be zero at an infinite distance. Calculations of gravitational potential energy are shown for objects near and far from Earth.
3. The formula for gravitational field strength is derived, showing that it decreases with the square of the distance from the object's center. Values of g are calculated for the major planets based on their masses and radii.
O level work energy and power
This document defines work, energy, and power. It states that work is the product of force and distance, and the SI unit for work is the joule. It describes different types of energy including chemical, electrical, mechanical, kinetic, and potential energy. Kinetic energy is defined as half mass times velocity squared, while potential energy from gravity is defined as mass times height times gravitational acceleration. The document also covers the law of conservation of energy and defines power as the rate of doing work, with the SI unit being watts.
Work, Energy, and Power
This document discusses work, energy, and their related concepts. It defines work as the product of the applied force and the distance moved in the direction of the force. Work is measured in joules, which is equal to a newton-meter. For work to be done, an object must move a distance while a constant force is applied in the same direction. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or state. Kinetic energy depends on environment but potential energy does not. Examples of each are also provided along with their determining factors and units.
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Physics formulae
This document contains physics formulae related to mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, modern physics and more. Some key formulae include:
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Work and energy
Work is defined scientifically as the product of the applied force and the displacement in the direction of the force. Work is done when a force causes an object to move, such as lifting a book or pushing it across a table. No work is done if there is no displacement, such as pushing against a wall. Work has the SI unit of joules. Energy exists in various forms including kinetic, potential, mechanical, electrical, chemical, and nuclear. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another within a closed system.
Work and energy
The document discusses different types of energy:
- Work is done when a force causes an object to move, and is calculated as work (W) equals force (F) multiplied by distance (d).
- Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and is calculated as kinetic energy (KE) equals one-half mass (m) multiplied by velocity (v) squared.
- Potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or state, such as height, and is calculated as potential energy (PE) equals mass (m) multiplied by gravity (g) multiplied by height (h).
Power Point Presentation ''Work Power Energy"
1) Work is done when a force causes an object to move through a distance. It is calculated as work = force x distance.
2) There are different types of energy including kinetic energy from motion, potential energy that is stored, and many others.
3) The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant, although it can change forms from one to another, such as potential to kinetic energy.
Hukum Newton Gravitasi
Newton's theory of universal gravitation proposes that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Newton realized that the moon and falling apples are attracted to Earth by the same force of gravity. He determined gravitational forces exist between all objects and derived the inverse-square law formula to calculate these forces. Examples of applying Newton's theory include calculating the masses of Earth and Sun from their gravitational interactions, and determining satellite speeds and orbital distances using formulas balancing gravitational and centrifugal forces.
Speed, time, distance
This document defines key concepts related to motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, force, friction, gravity, and mass. It explains that speed is distance divided by time, velocity includes both speed and direction, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Forces such as gravity and friction can cause or oppose motion depending on whether they are balanced or unbalanced. The law of universal gravitation describes how gravitational force is related to mass and distance. Formulas for calculating speed, distance, and time are also provided.
class 9 chapter 11 work and energy very helpful presentation
This document provides an overview of work, energy, and power. It defines work as force multiplied by displacement and defines the joule as the unit of work. It describes kinetic energy as the energy of motion and potential energy as stored energy due to position or shape. It states that energy can change forms through transformation but the total amount remains constant according to the law of conservation of energy. Finally, it defines power as the rate of doing work and commercial units like the kilowatt hour.
Gravitation
Gravitation is a force that exists between all material objects in the universe due to their mass. Gravity operates over all distances and on objects of all sizes. Newton's law of gravitation states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. A gravitational field is a region where gravitational force acts, and gravitational field strength describes how strong this force is at a given location. Gravitational potential is a scalar quantity that describes the work required to move an object to a specific point in a gravitational field, and gravitational potential energy is the energy stored due to an object's position in a gravitational field.
Speed, time, distance
Motion refers to an object changing position over time relative to a reference point. Speed is the distance an object travels divided by the time taken and is measured in meters per second or kilometers per hour. Average speed is the total distance divided by the total time. Velocity also includes direction of motion. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. A force is a push or pull measured in newtons, but a force being applied does not necessarily mean motion will occur. The net force is the combination of all acting forces on an object. Gravity is the force of attraction between objects due to their mass. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object that depends on its mass and location.
1.4.1 gravity again
The document discusses gravitational fields and the law of universal gravitation. It defines gravitational field lines and how they represent the gravitational field around an object. The closer the field lines, the stronger the gravitational field. The law of universal gravitation describes the gravitational force between two objects using mass, distance, and the gravitational constant. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field and depends on mass and distance from attracting objects.
Gravitational Fields
1) Newton proposed that all objects with mass attract each other with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
2) An object in free fall experiences a sensation of weightlessness because both it and the elevator/spacecraft it is in are accelerating downward at the same rate due to gravity, so there is no relative acceleration between them.
3) A satellite in orbit around a planet is weightless because the centripetal acceleration needed to maintain its orbit exactly counteracts the acceleration due to gravity, resulting in no net acceleration felt by objects in the spacecraft.
Work And Energy
The document discusses different types of energy including work, kinetic energy, and potential energy. It defines work as force exerted over a displacement and provides the formula W=F*d. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and is calculated as KE=1/2mv^2. Potential energy is stored energy, like gravitational potential energy which is calculated as PE=mgh.
Speed, time, distance
This document defines key concepts related to motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, force, friction, gravity, and mass. It explains that speed is distance divided by time, velocity includes both speed and direction, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Forces can be added or subtracted depending on their direction. Net force determines if motion occurs, with balanced forces resulting in no motion. Gravity is the force of attraction between objects due to their mass, and increases with mass but decreases with distance. Weight is the measure of gravitational force on an object and depends on its location and mass.
Work & Energy
Explain work, energy and power. The Law of Conservation of Energy is utilized as well as conservative and non conservative systems.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Putter King Education - Physics (Level 2)
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Area of focus: force and motion
Topics covered:
> Force
> Gravity
> Law of Universal Gravitation
> Mass vs. weight
> Newton’s First Law of Motion
> Newton’s Second Law of Motion
> Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Kinematics examples
1) The object is released from rest at a height of -40.8 m above a reference point with an acceleration due to gravity of -9.81 m/s^2.
2) Using the kinematic equations, the final velocity vy is calculated to be -28.3 m/s.
3) As the object falls, it initially accelerates downward at g but then reaches a smaller acceleration a < g as drag force opposes the weight, until terminal velocity Vt is reached where drag equals weight and acceleration is zero.
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1. The document discusses gravitational fields and the simple pendulum experiment. It describes how the period of a pendulum is affected by the mass of the bob and the length of the string. The experiment can be used to calculate the acceleration due to gravity.
2. Gravitational potential energy is introduced. Lifting an object increases its gravitational potential energy, which is defined to be zero at an infinite distance. Calculations of gravitational potential energy are shown for objects near and far from Earth.
3. The formula for gravitational field strength is derived, showing that it decreases with the square of the distance from the object's center. Values of g are calculated for the major planets based on their masses and radii.
O level work energy and power
This document defines work, energy, and power. It states that work is the product of force and distance, and the SI unit for work is the joule. It describes different types of energy including chemical, electrical, mechanical, kinetic, and potential energy. Kinetic energy is defined as half mass times velocity squared, while potential energy from gravity is defined as mass times height times gravitational acceleration. The document also covers the law of conservation of energy and defines power as the rate of doing work, with the SI unit being watts.
Work, Energy, and Power
This document discusses work, energy, and their related concepts. It defines work as the product of the applied force and the distance moved in the direction of the force. Work is measured in joules, which is equal to a newton-meter. For work to be done, an object must move a distance while a constant force is applied in the same direction. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or state. Kinetic energy depends on environment but potential energy does not. Examples of each are also provided along with their determining factors and units.
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class 9 chapter 11 work and energy very helpful presentation
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Physics formulae
This document contains physics formulae related to mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, modern physics and more. Some key formulae include:
Density = mass / volume, Force = rate of change of momentum, Kinetic energy = (1/2)mv^2, Ohm's law: V=IR, Index of refraction n=c/v, Half life of radioactive element t1/2=ln(2)/λ, Bohr's model: L=nh/2π.
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Start on mobile App: Native, Hybrid, and Make Money
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Chapter 7 gravitation
* Mass of earth (M) = 5.98 x 1024 kg
* Radius of earth (R) = 6378100 m
* Gravitational constant (G) = 6.6726 x 10-11 N-m2/kg2
* Escape velocity (v) = √(2GM/R)
= √(2 x 6.6726 x 10-11 x 5.98 x 1024 / 6378100)
= √(2 x 3.986 x 1014 / 6378100)
= √(2 x 6.273 x 107)
= √1.2546 x 108
= 11.186 km/s
Therefore, the escape
GRAVITATION.ppt
This document discusses Newton's universal law of gravitation and various concepts related to gravitation such as acceleration due to gravity, gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, orbital velocity, and geostationary satellites. It begins by defining Newton's universal law of gravitation and properties of gravitational force. It then discusses how acceleration due to gravity varies with altitude, depth, and location. Gravitational potential energy and escape velocity are also summarized. Orbital velocity and types of satellites like geostationary and polar satellites are defined in less than 3 sentences.
A work, energy and power
Work is defined as the force applied over a distance. Only forces parallel to the direction of motion do work. Work can be calculated for constant and variable forces. The work-energy theorem states that work done on an object changes its kinetic energy. Power is the rate at which work is done and is calculated as work divided by time. Instantaneous power uses calculus to calculate the power at an instant in time as the rate of change of work with respect to time.
Spm physics-formula-list-form41
This document contains physics equations and concepts related to kinematics, dynamics, work, energy, momentum, properties of matter, heat, waves, and optics. Some key points covered include:
- Equations for average speed, velocity, acceleration, and linear motion.
- Newton's laws of motion, momentum, impulse, and gravitational field strength.
- Work, kinetic energy, potential energy, power, and efficiency.
- Pressure, density, Archimedes' principle, Pascal's principle, gas laws, and heat transfer.
- Refractive index, Snell's law, total internal reflection, lens equations, and telescope magnification.
Spm physics-formula-list-form4 p
This document contains physics equations and concepts for Form 4 students. It includes equations and explanations for topics like relative deviation, prefixes, units for area and volume, force and motion equations, momentum, Newton's laws of motion, work, energy, gas laws, heat, light, and more. The document provides concise definitions and equations for key physics concepts in a single reference sheet for students to review.
Every Equation
The document discusses key physics concepts related to motion, forces, energy, and electricity. It defines terms like speed, velocity, acceleration, force, work, power, kinetic energy, potential energy, current, voltage, and resistance. Formulas are provided for calculating these values along with example problems and explanations of physics principles.
Gravitation
This document discusses the universal law of gravitation and its implications. It can be summarized as follows:
1) The universal law of gravitation states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
2) This law explains phenomena like the orbit of planets around the sun and the moon around Earth. It also explains why objects fall with an acceleration of 9.8 m/s^2 on Earth.
3) The weight of an object, which is the gravitational force exerted by Earth, differs on other celestial bodies due to differences in their masses and radii. Calculations show an object's weight on
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Physics formulae
- 1. PHYSICS FORMULAE Density is mass per unit volume Density = mass / volume velocity = displacement / time Force = rate of change of momentum Momentum = mass . velocity Power is rate of work done Power = work / time Unit of power is watt Potential energy (P) PE = m.g.h m = mass g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s2) h = height Kinetic energy (P) P = (1/2).m.v2 m = mass v = velocity Ohm's law V=I.R
- 2. V = voltage applied R = Resistance I = current Electric power (P) = (voltage applied) x (current) P = V . I = I2 . R V = voltage applied R = Resistance I = current OPTICS Index of refraction n = c/v n - index of refraction c - velocity of light in a vacuum v - velocity of light in the given material
- 3. Density is mass per unit volume velocity = displacement / time Density = mass / volume Force = rate of change of momentum Momentum = mass . velocity Power is rate of work done Kinetic energy (P) Power = work / time P = (1/2).m.v2 Unit of power is watt m = mass v = velocity Potential energy (P) PE = m.g.h m = mass g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s2) h = height Gravity (Force due to gravity) Acceleration due to gravity at a depth 'd' from earth Fg : Force of attraction G : Gravitational constant M1 : Mass of first object gd = g(1- d R) G M1 M2 surface is : Fg = r2 M2 : Mass of second object Acceleration due to gravity at height 'h' from earth Escape velocity surface is : Escape velocity from a body of mass M and radius r is gh = g(1- 2 h )