This document summarizes a student's science project on the effect of temperature on magnetic strength. The student found that lowering the temperature of magnets in a freezer increased their ability to attract paperclips, while heating magnets in an oven decreased their magnetic strength. Over time as the magnets returned to room temperature, their ability to attract paperclips also returned to normal levels. The student's hypothesis that magnetic strength decreases with increasing temperature was proven correct.

1. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that GARIMA RANA of
Class 12-A
Adm no 9578
CBSE roll no.________
Lancers Convent has completed the project entitled “effect
of temperature on magnetic strength” during the academic
session 2016-2017 under my guidance and supervision and has
completed to my complete satisfaction.
Signature
(Ms. Nashi Jain)

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Physics
teacher Ms. Nashi Jain, for her vital support, guidance and
encouragement without which this project would not have
come forth.
I would like to express my gratitude to the staff of
department of physics, and the lab assistant for their
support during the marketing of this project.

3. INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 AIM
 HYPOTHESIS
 THEORY
 MATERIAL REQUIRED
 PROCEDURE
a.COLD PROCESS
b.HOT PROCESS
 OBSERVATIONS
a.HOT PROCESS
b.COLD PROCESS
 RESULT
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

4. INTRODUCTION
Magnets are objects that produce magnetic fields and attract metals
like iron, nickel and cobalt. The magnetic field's lines of force exit
the magnet from its north pole and enter its south pole. Permanent or
hard magnets create their own magnetic field all the time. Temporary
or soft magnets produce magnetic fields while in the presence of a
magnetic field and for a short while after exiting the field.
Electromagnets produce magnetic fields only when electricity travels
through their wire coils.
Magnets are frequently used in daily life for example, magnets are
used in manufacturing, entertainment, security, and they play a
crucial role in the functioning of computers. Even the earth itself is a
magnet.
A magnet is any object that produces a magnetic field. Some
magnets, referred to as permanent, hold their magnetism without an
external electric current. A magnet of this nature can be created by
exposing a piece of metal containing iron to a number of situations
(ie.repeatedly jarring the metal, heating to high temperature).
Soft magnets, on the other hand are those that can become magnetic
only when in the presence of an external magnetic field.

5. A magnetic field is the space surrounding a magnet in which magnetic
force is exerted.
AIM
To determine the effect of temperature on magnetic strength.
HYPOTHESIS
It is believed that the older the magnet, stronger the magnetic
force. Magnetic force decreasing as temperature increasing. Our
independent variable is temperature. Our dependent variable is
magnetism; this will be calculated using the amount of paperclips that
the magnet is able to collect at each measured temperature.
THEORY
A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic. This
magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable
property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic
materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.

6. A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is
magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An
everyday example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a
refrigerator door.
The overall strength of a magnet is measured by its magnetic moment
or, alternatively, the total magnetic flux it produces.
MATERIAL
REQUIRED
Safety glasses,3-4 permanent bar magnets, tongs for magnet, ice,
water, insulating container, three strong bowls, small pot, burner for
heating water or oven, paper clips(100).

7. PROCEDURE
COLD PROCESS
 Place paperclips in bowl.
 Situate scale near bowl.
 Weigh magnet and record.
 Place magnet in freezer and set it to lowest temperature
possible.
 Wait approximately 20 minutes for the magnet to reach the
temperature of the freezer.
 Place magnet in bowl filled with paperclips.
 Remove magnet and attached paperclips and place on scale.
 Record grams of paperclips attracted.
 Remove paperclips and place back in bowl.
 Allow magnet to rest 5 minutes undisturbed.
 Repeat steps 6-9 until magnet have reached room temperature.
HOT PROCESS
 Place paperclips in the bowl.
 Situate scale near bowl.
 Weigh magnet and record.
 Place magnet in oven set to highest temperature possible.
 Wait approximately 20 minutes for the magnet to reach the
temperature of the oven.
 Place magnet in bowl filled with paperclips.
 Remove magnet and attached paperclips and place on scale.
 Record rams of paperclips attracted.
 Remove paperclips and place back in bowl.
 Allow magnet to rest for 5 minutes undisturbed.
 Repeat steps 6-9 until magnet reaches room temperature.

8. Number of paper clips attracted
Time after
taking magnet
out from
freezer(minutes)
Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3
0 18 19 23
3 12 11 12
5 10 11 13
At room
temperature
9 9 9

9. Number of paper clips attracted
Time after
heating the
magnet(minutes)
Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3
0 5 8 6
3 7 7 6
5 7 8 8
At room
temperature 8 9 9

10. RESULT
The hypothesis that increasing the temperature of a magnet will
reduce its strength is proven to be true.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 http://www.all-science-fair-
projects.com/print_project_1440_91
 http://tuhsphysics.ttsd.k12.or.us/Research/IB09/HougBlat/inde
x.htm
 Physics NCERT class 12