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MANAGING SERVICE EVIDENCES:
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 Importance of Physical evidence
 Dimensions of external and internal service
environment
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
 Physical evidence is the environment in which
the service is delivered and where the firm and
the customer interact and any tangible
commodities that facilitate performance or
communication of the service.
Example: when you visit the web site for Taj
hotels, you can look at pictures of its newest
hotels and make reservations quickly.
SERVICESCAPE
 Physical evidence includes the servicescape, a
term used to describe the physical facility where
the service is produced and/or delivered.
 The actual physical environment where the service is
performed, delivered and consumed.
 Where the firm and consumers interact
 Consider impact on customer response, particular
perceptions, evaluations, assessment.
 Situations, where customer experience are important.
Example: Patient examination room in doctor’s office
SERVICE ENVIRONMENT
► Physical backdrops surrounding the service
(Servicescape)
 Ambience and cleanliness of a cinema hall
 Cafe near a college
 Elegant decor of a shop to cater to upscale
market
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DESIGN OF THE
SERVICESCAPES
1. Servicescape Usage
Organizations differ in terms of whom the
Servicescape will actually affect by its design- customers,
employees or both?
 Self Service
 Remote Service
 Interpersonal Services
2. Servicescape Complexity
 Lean servicescapes( Simple, few elements, spaces,
and piece of equipment) for less complex service
Eg: Hair cut
 Elaborate the more complex service
Eg: restaurants, hotels
TYPES OF SERVICESCAPE
Servicescape
usage
Elaborate Lean
Self-service
(customer only)
Golf course
eBay
ATM
Car wash
Simple Internet services
Express mail drop-off
Interpersonal
services
(both customer and
employee)
Hotel
Restaurant
Health clinic
Hospital
Bank
Airline
School
Dry cleaner
Retail cart
Hair salon
Remote service
(employee only)
Telephone company
Insurance company
Utility
Many professional services
Telephone mail-order desk
Automated voice messaging
services
ROLES OF THE SERVICESCAPE
 Package
 conveys expectations
 influences perceptions
 Facilitator
 facilitates the flow of the service delivery process
 provides information (how am I to act?)
 facilitates the ordering process (how does this
work?)
 facilitates service delivery
 Socializer
 facilitates interaction between:
 customers and employees
 customers and fellow customers
 Differentiator
 sets provider apart from competition in the mind of the
consumer
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE– THE SIXTH ‘P’
 ‘Servicescape’ or ‘Atmospherics’ creates
mood, longing, attraction or desire to visit /
recommend service provider by
tangibalisation. It includes every tangible
touch point i.e. brochure, building, dress of
the people, furniture, wall decor etc.
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE– THE SIXTH ‘P’
► Service Design is of utmost importance
► People visit expensive restaurants to relish
dishes otherwise available in less costly
eating houses because of better ambience
► Theme parks are developed based on
common cartoon figures
► Luxury buses / better maintained buses are
preferred over lousy staff to traverse same
distance
MANAGING THE FIRM’S PHYSICAL
EVIDENCE
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
 The elements of 'marketing mix' which
customers can actually see or experience
when they use a service, and which
contribute to the perceived quality of the
service, e.g. the physical evidence of a bank
could include the state of the branch
premises, as well as the delivery of the
banking service itself.
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
 Packaging the Services
 Conveys expectations
● Physical evidence => quality cues => image
development
 Influences perceptions
● Image development => reduces perceived risk =>
reduces cognitive dissonance after the purchase
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
 Facilitates the flow of the service delivery
process
 Provides information
 How am I to act?
 Facilitates the ordering process
 How does this work?
 Manages consumers
 Barriers separate different consumer groups or help
to isolate the technical core
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
 Socializes employees and customers
 Uniforms
 Identify the firm’s personnel
 Physical symbol that embodies the group’s ideals and
attributes
 Implies a coherent group structure
 Facilitates perceptions of consistent performance
 Assists in controlling deviant members
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
 Provides a means for differentiation
 well-dressed personnel are perceived as:
 more intelligent
 better workers
 more interactive
COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
► Facility exterior
 Exterior design
 Signage
 Parking
 Landscaping
 Surrounding environment
COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
 Facility interior
 Interior design (warm colors)
 Red
 Love, romance, sex, courage, danger, fire, sinful,
warmth, excitement, vigor, cheerfulness,
enthusiasm, and stop
 Yellow
 Sunlight, warmth, cowardice, openness,
friendliness, gaiety, glory, brightness, caution
 Orange
 Sunlight, warmth, openness, friendliness, gaiety,
glory
COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
 Facility interior
 Interior design (cool colors)
 Blue
 Coolness, aloofness, fidelity, calmness, piety,
masculine, assurance, sadness
 Green
 Coolness, restful, peace, freshness, growth, softness,
richness, go
 Violet
 Coolness, retiring, dignity, rich
COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
 Facility interior
 Interior design
 Equipment
 Layout
 Grid vs. Free-flow
 Temperature
COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
 Other tangible evidence
 Business cards
 Stationary
 Billing statements
 CP&L statement
 Reports
 Brochures
 Employee performance
 Employee appearance
COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
Servicescape Other tangibles
Facility exterior
Exterior design
Signage
Parking
Landscape
Surrounding environment
Facility interior
Interior design
Equipment
Signage
Layout
Air quality/temperature
Business cards
Stationery
Billing statements
Reports
Employee dress
Uniforms
Brochures
Web pages
Virtual servicescape
EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
FROM THE CUSTOMER’S POINT OF VIEW
Service Physical Evidence Other tangibles
Insurance Not applicable
Policy itself
Billing statements
Periodic updates
Company brochure
Letters/cards
Hospital
Building exterior
Parking Signs
Waiting areas
Admissions office
Patient care room
Medical equipment
Recovery room
Uniforms
Reports/stationery
Billing statements
Airline
Airline gate area
Airplane exterior
Airplane interior (décor, seats, air quality)
Tickets
Food
Uniforms
Express mail Not applicable
Packaging
Trucks
Uniforms
Computers
Sporting event
Parking, Seating, Restrooms
Stadium exterior
Ticketing area, Concession Areas
Entrance, Playing Field
Signs
Tickets
Program
Uniforms
CREATING SERVICE -ATMOSPHERES
► Sight appeals
 Size, shape, colors, contrast, clash, location,
architecture, signs, entrance, and lighting
► Sound appeals
 Music, announcements, and sound avoidance
CREATING SERVICE -ATMOSPHERES
 Scent appeals
 appeals and avoidance
 Touch appeals
 Taste appeals
GUIDELINES FOR PHYSICAL
EVIDENCE STRATEGY
 Recognize the strategic impact of physical
evidence.
 Blueprint the physical evidence of service.
 Clarify strategic roles of the servicescape.
 Assess and identify physical evidence
opportunities.
 Be prepared to update and modernize the
evidence.
 Work cross-functionally.
physical evidence in services.pdfbusiness

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physical evidence in services.pdfbusiness

  • 2. LEARNING OUTCOMES:  Importance of Physical evidence  Dimensions of external and internal service environment
  • 3. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE  Physical evidence is the environment in which the service is delivered and where the firm and the customer interact and any tangible commodities that facilitate performance or communication of the service. Example: when you visit the web site for Taj hotels, you can look at pictures of its newest hotels and make reservations quickly.
  • 4. SERVICESCAPE  Physical evidence includes the servicescape, a term used to describe the physical facility where the service is produced and/or delivered.  The actual physical environment where the service is performed, delivered and consumed.  Where the firm and consumers interact  Consider impact on customer response, particular perceptions, evaluations, assessment.  Situations, where customer experience are important. Example: Patient examination room in doctor’s office
  • 5. SERVICE ENVIRONMENT ► Physical backdrops surrounding the service (Servicescape)  Ambience and cleanliness of a cinema hall  Cafe near a college  Elegant decor of a shop to cater to upscale market
  • 6. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DESIGN OF THE SERVICESCAPES 1. Servicescape Usage Organizations differ in terms of whom the Servicescape will actually affect by its design- customers, employees or both?  Self Service  Remote Service  Interpersonal Services 2. Servicescape Complexity  Lean servicescapes( Simple, few elements, spaces, and piece of equipment) for less complex service Eg: Hair cut  Elaborate the more complex service Eg: restaurants, hotels
  • 7. TYPES OF SERVICESCAPE Servicescape usage Elaborate Lean Self-service (customer only) Golf course eBay ATM Car wash Simple Internet services Express mail drop-off Interpersonal services (both customer and employee) Hotel Restaurant Health clinic Hospital Bank Airline School Dry cleaner Retail cart Hair salon Remote service (employee only) Telephone company Insurance company Utility Many professional services Telephone mail-order desk Automated voice messaging services
  • 8. ROLES OF THE SERVICESCAPE  Package  conveys expectations  influences perceptions  Facilitator  facilitates the flow of the service delivery process  provides information (how am I to act?)  facilitates the ordering process (how does this work?)  facilitates service delivery  Socializer  facilitates interaction between:  customers and employees  customers and fellow customers  Differentiator  sets provider apart from competition in the mind of the consumer
  • 9. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE– THE SIXTH ‘P’  ‘Servicescape’ or ‘Atmospherics’ creates mood, longing, attraction or desire to visit / recommend service provider by tangibalisation. It includes every tangible touch point i.e. brochure, building, dress of the people, furniture, wall decor etc.
  • 10. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE– THE SIXTH ‘P’ ► Service Design is of utmost importance ► People visit expensive restaurants to relish dishes otherwise available in less costly eating houses because of better ambience ► Theme parks are developed based on common cartoon figures ► Luxury buses / better maintained buses are preferred over lousy staff to traverse same distance
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  • 13. MANAGING THE FIRM’S PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
  • 14. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE  The elements of 'marketing mix' which customers can actually see or experience when they use a service, and which contribute to the perceived quality of the service, e.g. the physical evidence of a bank could include the state of the branch premises, as well as the delivery of the banking service itself.
  • 15. THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE  Packaging the Services  Conveys expectations ● Physical evidence => quality cues => image development  Influences perceptions ● Image development => reduces perceived risk => reduces cognitive dissonance after the purchase
  • 16. THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE  Facilitates the flow of the service delivery process  Provides information  How am I to act?  Facilitates the ordering process  How does this work?  Manages consumers  Barriers separate different consumer groups or help to isolate the technical core
  • 17. THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE  Socializes employees and customers  Uniforms  Identify the firm’s personnel  Physical symbol that embodies the group’s ideals and attributes  Implies a coherent group structure  Facilitates perceptions of consistent performance  Assists in controlling deviant members
  • 18. THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE  Provides a means for differentiation  well-dressed personnel are perceived as:  more intelligent  better workers  more interactive
  • 19. COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ► Facility exterior  Exterior design  Signage  Parking  Landscaping  Surrounding environment
  • 20. COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT  Facility interior  Interior design (warm colors)  Red  Love, romance, sex, courage, danger, fire, sinful, warmth, excitement, vigor, cheerfulness, enthusiasm, and stop  Yellow  Sunlight, warmth, cowardice, openness, friendliness, gaiety, glory, brightness, caution  Orange  Sunlight, warmth, openness, friendliness, gaiety, glory
  • 21. COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT  Facility interior  Interior design (cool colors)  Blue  Coolness, aloofness, fidelity, calmness, piety, masculine, assurance, sadness  Green  Coolness, restful, peace, freshness, growth, softness, richness, go  Violet  Coolness, retiring, dignity, rich
  • 22. COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT  Facility interior  Interior design  Equipment  Layout  Grid vs. Free-flow  Temperature
  • 23. COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT  Other tangible evidence  Business cards  Stationary  Billing statements  CP&L statement  Reports  Brochures  Employee performance  Employee appearance
  • 24. COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Servicescape Other tangibles Facility exterior Exterior design Signage Parking Landscape Surrounding environment Facility interior Interior design Equipment Signage Layout Air quality/temperature Business cards Stationery Billing statements Reports Employee dress Uniforms Brochures Web pages Virtual servicescape
  • 25. EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE CUSTOMER’S POINT OF VIEW Service Physical Evidence Other tangibles Insurance Not applicable Policy itself Billing statements Periodic updates Company brochure Letters/cards Hospital Building exterior Parking Signs Waiting areas Admissions office Patient care room Medical equipment Recovery room Uniforms Reports/stationery Billing statements Airline Airline gate area Airplane exterior Airplane interior (décor, seats, air quality) Tickets Food Uniforms Express mail Not applicable Packaging Trucks Uniforms Computers Sporting event Parking, Seating, Restrooms Stadium exterior Ticketing area, Concession Areas Entrance, Playing Field Signs Tickets Program Uniforms
  • 26. CREATING SERVICE -ATMOSPHERES ► Sight appeals  Size, shape, colors, contrast, clash, location, architecture, signs, entrance, and lighting ► Sound appeals  Music, announcements, and sound avoidance
  • 27. CREATING SERVICE -ATMOSPHERES  Scent appeals  appeals and avoidance  Touch appeals  Taste appeals
  • 28. GUIDELINES FOR PHYSICAL EVIDENCE STRATEGY  Recognize the strategic impact of physical evidence.  Blueprint the physical evidence of service.  Clarify strategic roles of the servicescape.  Assess and identify physical evidence opportunities.  Be prepared to update and modernize the evidence.  Work cross-functionally.