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Philosophy
This document provides an overview of several ancient Greek philosophers including Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Democritus, Diogenes of Sinope, Epicurus, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Archimedes. It discusses their dates, backgrounds, and some of their key philosophical beliefs and contributions to areas like mathematics, science, and ethics. The document concludes by posing discussion questions about how these ancient philosophers distinguished themselves, who made the greatest contributions, how their philosophies still influence life today, and what new inventions might help others.
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Philosophy
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- 2. REVIEW • What isPhilosophy? • Why do we need to study Pshilosophy? • Give one importance of studying Philosophy in… • Politics • Law • Daily Life • Sports
- 3. Origin of Philosophy •Philos – LOVE • Sophia – WISDOM
- 4. PYTHAGORAS • 570 BCE– 495 BCE • Greek Philosopher • Mathematician and Scientist • Pythagorean Theorem • Religion and Philosophy that influenced Plato and Aristotle
- 5. HERACLITUS • 535 BCE– 475 BCE • Pre Socratic Greek Philosopher • Everything that exist is based of on a higher order or plan which he called logos • Change is a permanent condition of human life • “No man ever steps on the same river twice”
- 6. DEMOCRITUS • Greek Philosopher •Student of Leucippus • Study cause of natural phenomena • Among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms
- 7. DIOGENES OF SINOPE •412 BCE – 323 BCE • Greek Philosopher • Advocate simple and virtuous life • Critic of Plato and Aristotle • Later his works had influenced the development of Philosophy such as Cynicism and Stoicism,
- 8. EPICURUS • 341BCE –270 BCE • Greek Philosopher • Believed that Philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness, which would eventually result in a life free from fear and pain. • His founded Epicureanism
- 9. SOCRATES • 470BCE –399BCE • Greek Philosopher • One of the founders of Western Philosophy • Contributed on Field of Ethics • Considered himself a “midwife” • Credited for Socratic Method
- 10. PLATO • 427BCE –347BCE • Student of Socrates • Classical Greek Philosopher • Theory of Forms • Dialectic • Contributed to the founding of Academy
- 11. ARISTOTLE • 348BCE –322BCE • Greek Philosopher • Disagree with Plato’s Theory of Forms • Involved himself in physical science, zoology, psychology, ethics and politics • Proposed a system for classification of plants and animals • Deductive reasoning
- 12. ARCHIMEDES • 287BCE –212BCE • Greek Philosopher • Practical aspect of philosophical inquiries • Leading scientist in his time • Mathematician, psychiatrist, engineer, inventor and astronomer • Gave rise to modern calculus • Screw, a devise for raising water, determining the volume using displacement
- 13. DISCUSS 1. How didthe Philosophers distinguish themselves from other intellectuals during their times? 2. Which ancient Philosopher, in your opinion, made the greatest contribution to the development of Philosophy? 3. What contribution do think applies to your own situation and life? 4. How do you think their philosophies affect or influenced your daily life? 5. If you are going to invent something worth, what would it be and how would your invention or discovery would help others?