Metodoligía para trabjar la habilidades argumentativas, mejorar el razonamiento y fomentar el respeto y la capacidad de escucha.

1. Philosophical dialogue as a method for reflection on
topics related to Sustainability
Question to explore before trip to France:
● What do we really need?
Activities:
● Group work on human needs:
1. Materialistic and abstract needs (important values). The students work in
groups and make a list of at least 10 things they think they really need. They
can put them down on post-it notes, in two different colours (abstract needs -
materialistic needs). The groups can then share their results by looking at and
questioning each others notes.
2. Ask students to agree on 5 post-its to throw away. Then,later, ask them to
throw away three more. What two needs are left? Do the different groups
have the same or different needs left?
Have a dialogue to reflect on their choices and compare priorities.

2. ● Possible “starters” to make the students reflect:
1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Go through the hierarchy with the students and make them reflect on the different
needs stated. Do they agree on this visualization of human needs, or do they think it
can be different?
2. Short film on 6 basic human needs that we can show our students:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tg-yl4ugvh4
Do they agree on the points made in this lecture? Why, why not?

3. Philosophical questions to explore:
- Do humans have the same basic needs, or are we all different?
What do we have in common? What is different?
- What do you think influences our perceptions or thoughts about of what we
need in our lives? (Culture? Parents? Friends? Commercials? Neighbours? TV-series? Social
media? Newspapers? Other things?)
- Is our perception of what we really need, and to what extent our needs are
fulfilled, connected to how happy we are, do you think?
- Can we make ourselves unhappy by thinking that we need a lot of things we
don’t really need?
- It is maybe natural to compare yourself and all your possessions with people
around you. Can we avoid this, and set our own standards for what we really
need?
- What do you think about our lifestyles in the western world? Do we focus too
much on materialistic needs, or not? Do we have too many things, or do you
think it is good to have a lot, because it makes us happy?
Preparing for Philosophical dialogue LTT Granda, Spain
Topic: Relationship between Man and Nature
Show the video Man by Steve Cutts:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=WfGMYdalClU
Have a dialogue with your students about the content.
If your students are trained in having philosophical dialogues you might
want them to come up with their own philosophical questions inspired by
the video. Have the students work i groups of 2-3. Share the questions in
full group and vote for the questions most students would like to talk
about.
Possible questions to explore:
How would you describe the relationship the man in the video has to
nature?
Are humans born to rule over nature and exploit it to our advantage, or
do other species have equal rights to exist?

4. Is “survival of the fittest” what counts or should “the fittest/strongest”
show concern for others?
Do all living organisms have intrinsic value? Why/why not?
Should humans take care of animals and plants just because we need
them in order to survive? Can you find other reasons as to why we
should take care of nature?
Good luck:)
Preparing for Philosophical dialogue LTT Ås, Norway
Topic: Conflict and Conflict resolution
Suggested stimuli and question
Show the video Balance:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTGg0Z46Af4
Have the students write keywords from what they have seen. You may
want to tell them to focus on important concepts if they are familiar with
with what a concept or perhaps a theme is.
Have the students share their keywords in small groups (3-4) and ask
them to come up with a philosophical question, using one or more of the
concepts they have jotted down, that could be interesting to discuss in
the larger group. Write the questions on the board, or on pieces of paper
and put them on the floor so the students can walk around the questions
and stand next to the one they prefer to talk about (this is simply a way
to vote for a question). Before you have the students take a stand/vote
for a question, try to question the questions (ask the group that made it
about the background for the question and if there are any assumptions
in the question).
OR: You may want to skip the part where students make their own
questions and go directly to exploring the topic of greed or justice by
using these questions:

5. Is it possible for human beings to overcome their greed/ego-centric
thinking or are we simply born greedy?
Is there such a thing as an altruistic (make sure to explain the concept of
altruism) action?
What are the advantages to cooperating as opposed to taking it all
yourself?
What do you think might be the message in this video? Does it have a
message?