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Philippine Agricultural and Engineering Standards.pptx
- 1. Philippine Agricultural and Engineering Standards
- 2. PAES/PABES Volume of PAES Machine Categories of PAES 13 5
- 4. PAES No. Description PAES 301: 2000 V-belts and Pulley for Agricultural Machines PAES 302: 2000 Flat belts and Pulley for Agricultural Machines PAES 303: 2000 Roller Chains and Sprockets for Agricultural Machines PAES 304: 2000 Keys and Keyways for Agricultural Machines PAES 305: 2000 Shafts for Agricultural Machines PAES 306: 2000 Spur Gears for Agricultural Machines PAES 307: 2001 Helical Gears for Agricultural Machines PAES 308: 2001 Straight Bevel Gears for Agricultural Machines PAES 309: 2001 Anti-Friction Bearings for Agricultural Machines PAES 310: 2001 Journal Bearings for Agricultural Machines
- 5. PAES No. Description PAES 311: 2001 Bolts and Nuts for Agricultural Machines PAES 312: 2001 Rivets for Agricultural Machines PAES 313: 2001 Screws for Agricultural Machines PAES 314: 2002 Washers PAES 315: 2002 Pins PAES 316: 2002 Metal Bars, Pipes and Tubes PAES 317: 2002 Metal Sheets and Plates PAES 318: 2002 Clutches, Couplings, Splines PAES 319: 2002 Engineering Plastics PAES 320: 2002 Wood-based Panels
- 6. Question No. 1 Flexible machine element used to transmit motion and power between two shafts, the cross section of which is shaped roughly like a regular trapezoid outlined by the base, sides and top of the belt a. V-belt c. Chains b. Flat belt d. Flat belt pulley Answer: V-belt
- 7. Question No. 2 These are used to prevent relative movement of rotating members and the shafts or spindles to which they are mounted. a. Keyways b. Keys c. Shafts Answer: Key
- 8. Question No. 3 A cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are straight lines parallel to the axis. a. Helical gear c. Spur gear b. Bevel gears d. Straight bevel gear Answer: Spur gear
- 9. Question No. 4 They transfer loads between rotating and stationary members and permit relatively free rotation with minimum friction. a. Anti-friction bearings c. Journal bearings b. Sleeve bearings d. Roller bearings Answer: Anti-friction bearings
- 10. Question No. 5 A headed pin of metal used for uniting two or more pieces by passing the shank through a hole in each piece and then by beating or pressing down the plain end so as to make a second head a. Bolts and nuts c. Screw b. Rivets d. fastener Answer: Rivets
- 11. Question No. 6 Provides bearing surface for a nut or screw head, covers large clearance holes, and distribute fastener loads over large area, particularly on soft materials such as aluminum or wood. a. Spring lock washer c. Conical spring washer b. Toothed lock washer d. Plain washer Answer: Plain washer
- 12. Question No. 7 Long hollow cylinder of specified thickness whose nominal size is approximated by the inside diameter a. Bar c. Pipe b. Tube d. deformed bar Answer: Pipe
- 13. Question No. 8 Sheet or coil which is intended for drawing or severe forming but excluding deep drawing a. Galvanized lock-forming quality b. Galvanized drawing quality c. Galvanized commercial quality d. Galvanized steel sheet Answer: Galvanized drawing quality
- 14. Question No. 9 Corrugated metal product cut to the standard or specified length and has a nominal base metal thickness ranging from 0.20 mm to 1.6 mm and a flat width of 760 mm to 1,220 mm. a. Aluminum alloy sheet c. Galvanized steel sheet b. Hot rolled steel sheet d. Aluminum alloy plate Answer: Galvanized steel sheet
- 15. Question No. 10 Term applied to changes in physical and mechanical properties of low carbon steel that occur with the passage of time and adversely affect formability. a. Proof stress b. Ageing c. Deoxidation Answer: Ageing
- 16. Question No. 11 Designed to connect shafts which are misaligned either laterally or angularly. a. Flange face coupling c. Oldham coupling b. Flexible coupling d. Universal joint Answer: Flexible coupling
- 17. Question No. 12 These are couplings which permits the disengagement of the coupled shafts during rotation. a. Couplings b. Clutches c. Splines Answer: Clutches
- 18. Question No. 13 Designed to reduce coupling shack by slipping during the engagement period. a. Friction clutches c. Centrifugal clutch b. Cone clutch d. Positive clutches Answer: Friction clutches
- 19. Question No. 14 Substances that melt on heating and are processes in this state by a variety of extrusion and molding process. a. Thermoplastics b. Thermosets c. Polymers d. Plastics Answer: Thermoplastics
- 20. Question No. 15 It is noted for its light weight, being less dense than water. It resists moisture, oils, and solvents. Since its melting point is 121°C (250°F), it is used in the manufacture of objects that are sterilized in the course of their use. a. Polyethylene c. Polytetrafluoroethylene b. Polypropylene d. Polyvinyl chloride Answer: Polypropylene
- 21. Question No. 16 It is also known as nylon, one of the most versatile and widely used thermoplastic materials. a. Acetals c. Acrylic b. Polyamide d. Polycarbonate Answer: Polyamide
- 22. Question No. 17 Panel made of consolidated ligno-cellulosic fibers with the primary bond derived from their inherent adhesive properties and/or the addition of resin or other materials. a. Fiberboard c. fiber-cement flat sheets b. particle board d. Plywood Answer: Fiberboard
- 23. Question No. 18 Stratum or layer used in referring to the successive layers of veneer in a panel. a. Face b. ply c. Panel Answer: Ply
- 24. Question No. 19 Classification of Plywood This bonding class is designed for veneer plywood intended for exposure to weather over sustained periods. a. Class 1 b. Class 2 c. Class 3 Answer: Class 3 (exterior conditions)
- 25. Question No. 20 A high density fiberboard that has been specially treated with drying oil, petroleum derivatives or other compounds stabilized by baking or heating, and generally intended for the use where moisture resistance is required. a. Standard fiberboard b. Tempered fiberboard c. Perforated d. Plain Answer: Tempered fiberboard
- 26. Question No. 21 Classification of Fiber-cement flat sheets These are intended for internal and external applications where they will not be subjected to the direct action of sun and rain. . a. Type A b. Type B Answer: Type B
Editor's Notes
- flat belt- belts used to transmit rotary motion and power between two shafts, which lie flat on the face of its corresponding pulley flat belt pulley - wheel having flat or crowned face used to transmit motion and power by means of flat belts Flat belts are commonly used where center distances between pulleys are fairly long. They are very flexible and can transmit power in quarter twist and crossed drives. V-belt drives are commonly used for transmitting motion and power to shafts with short center distances, and may be operated with small pulley diameters. In addition, a number of V-belts may be used on a multi-grooved pulley, thus making a multiple-belt drive. V-pulley wheel - with one or more grooved rims used to transmit motion and power by means of one or more V-belts Roller chains are used to transmit power at high torque and low speed without slippage
- Shafts are rotating members, usually of circular cross section used to transmit power or motion. Standard shafts for agricultural machines are usually of steel designation 1020 (cold rolled). For special purposes, stainless steel shafts usually of steel designation 304 or 316 shall be used. Keys are classified into the following classes: 1) Parallel keys – keys whose longitudinal sides are parallel with each other. 2) Taper keys – keys with a tapered longitudinal section. 3) Woodruff keys – keys with a semi-circular cross-section.
- helical gear cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are helices, it transmits rotational motion and power between two parallel axes bevel gears gears which are used to transmit motion and power to shafts having intersecting axes straight bevel gears bevel gears whose teeth are straight but the sides are tapered so that they would intersect the axis at a common point called the pitch cone apex if extended inward
- journal bearing (sleeve bearing) a cylinder which surrounds the shaft and is filled with some form of fluid lubricant. They are used in drives where quietness in operation and rigidity is a requirement.
- fastener a mechanical device designed specifically to hold, join, or maintain equilibrium of single or multiple components
- Bar- long evenly shaped piece of solid metal deformed bar - steel bar with lugs or protrusions called deformations Tube - long hollow product of round or any other cross-section whose size is specified by the outside dimensions Metal bars, pipes and tubes are used for components, structural framing and mechanical elements for agricultural machinery and structures.
- galvanized commercial quality flat sheet which is intended for general fabricating purposes where it is used as such or for bending or moderate forming galvanized lock-forming quality sheet or coil which is intended for lock-seaming and other similar applications and have better formability than commercial quality galvanized steel sheet galvanized flat or corrugated metal product cut to the standard or specified length and has a nominal base metal thickness ranging from 0.20 mm to 1.6 mm and a flat width of 760 mm to 1,220 mm
- aluminium and aluminium alloy sheet rolled rectangular section of thickness over 0.15 mm up to 6.0 mm, with sheared, slit or sawn edges hot-rolled steel sheet hot-rolled product supplied in cut lengths and produced by cutting from a coil rolled on a continuous mill. It has a width of at least 600 mm and a nominal thickness of less than 3 mm. The edges of the sheet may be either trimmed or untrimmed aluminium and aluminium alloy plate rolled rectangular section of thickness greater than 6.0 mm with either sheared or sawn edges
- proof stress quotient of the load (when the specified permanent elongation occurs in a tensile test) divided by the original cross-sectional area deoxidation removal of oxygen which causes oxidation of steel
- Flange couplings are commonly used in permanent installations for heavy loads and large sizes and particularly for vertical drives, as agitators Universal joints are used to connect shafts with much larger values of misalignment than can be tolerated by the other types of flexible coupling Oldham (double slider) coupling Eliminates the need for large clearances and the resultant noisy backlash by providing a double-tongued central slider fitting between two flanges slotted at right angles to each other
- Couplings are used to join lengths of shafting, which must often be sectionalized for practicability and economy in manufacture and shipping or for purposes of ready installation. Splines are used for the transmission of power from a shaft to hub or vice versa.
- Centrifugal clutch A centrifugal clutch produces its torque by virtue of the centrifugal force of weights pressing against the driving or frictionally driven member. Cone clutch The conical friction clutch consists of a frustum of a cone, so fitted to a shaft by means of a feather key that it can be pushed into an opposite engaging surface rigidly attached to the other shaft. Positive clutches are designed to transmit torque without slip, jaw clutches are the most common.
- polymer chemical compound with higher molecular weight consisting of a number of structural units linked together by covalent bonds thermosets substances that cannot be melted and remelted plastic synthetic organic material, including cellulose derivatives, with or without the incorporation of fillers, binders, pigments, dyes, which is capable of being shaped more or less permanently by casting or molding under increased temperatures and pressures
- UHMWPE is 1/8 the weight of mild steel but is high in tensile strength and as simple to machine as wood. Also unlike steel, it reduces noise in many applications. It is an inexpensive alternative to metals, ceramics, and wood because it is self-lubricating; long-wearing; and shatter-, abrasion-, and corrosion-resistant. UHMWPE is well suited for applications that demand durability and low friction. It causes no undesirable taste, smell, or discoloration, and it can be cleaned with water, steam, detergents, or disinfectants. UHMW Polyethylene will withstand intermittent temperatures of up to 100 °C (212 °F), while at the same time being ideal for use in freezing lines. Polytetrafluoroethylene more popularly known as Teflon is based on chain of carbon atoms, the same as all polymers. Given their good dynamic mechanical properties and sufficient flexibility, PTFE and modified PTFE-based materials are ideally suited for use as dynamic seals and bearings, even when the stress is extreme Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a thermoplastic that is a polymer of vinyl chloride. Resins of polyvinyl chloride are hard, but with the addition of plasticizers a flexible, elastic plastic can be made. This plastic has found extensive use as an electrical insulator for wires and cables.
- Acetal provides high strength and stiffness while offering enhanced dimensional stability and ease of machining Cast acrylic shall be made from virgin acrylic monomer and offers superior optical clarity and light transmission. It shall not affected by sunlight; it resists aging; and it remains stable across a wide range of temperature, moisture, and exposure conditions. It will not crack, craze, or corrode. Polycarbonate is an amorphous thermoplastic with excellent dimensional stability and good strength and stiffness over a wide range of service temperatures. It is often used for structural applications when transparency and impact strength are essential-such as lenses, manifolds, site glasses, and machine guards
- particle board- board principally made from wood chips and formed by hot press process with adhesive Plywood- assembled product made of layers of veneers and/or lumber core held together by an adhesive, the chief characteristics of which is the alternate cross layers, distributing the longitudinal wood strength fiber-cement flat sheets - consist essentially of an inorganic hydraulic binder or a calcium silicate binder formed by the chemical reaction of a siliceous material and a calcareous material reinforced by organic fibers and/or inorganic synthetic fibers
- panel sheet of plywood face - surface of the plywood showing veneer of higher grade than that of the back side NOTE: The terms face and back do not apply when the same grade or veneer is used on both sides of the plywood.
- Class 1 (dry conditions) This bonding class is appropriate for veneer plywood intended for use in normal interior climates. Class 2 (humid conditions) This bonding class is appropriate for veneer plywood intended for protected external applications (e.g. behind cladding or under roof coverings), but capable of resisting weather exposure for short periods (e.g. when exposed during construction). It is also suitable for interior situations where the service moisture condition is higher than the class 1 level.
- Standard fiberboard - A high density fiberboard without subsequent treatment generally intended for interior use. Plain A hardboard without any factory-applied finish. Smooth-one-side (S1S) High density fiberboard with a smooth surface on one side and a screen impression on the other side. Smooth-two-sides (S2S) High density fiberboard with smooth surfaces on both sides Decorative Hardboard which has a pattern impressed on one surface, e.g. simulating some other materials such as leather, sawali, wood grain, bark, diamond, fine weave, and others. Perforated Usually S1S hardboard with holes punched or drilled at the factory for use with various fixtures to provide decorative wall-mounted storage facilities or which may be used for acoustic purposes.
- Type A sheets are intended for external applications where they may be subjected to the direct action of sun and rain