The document discusses the effects of trauma on child psychological development. It states that trauma from abuse, neglect, or other stressful experiences can harm brain development and negatively impact mental, social, and physical health later in life. Specifically, it discusses how trauma affects neurodevelopment and psychosocial development in ways that impair functions like memory, learning, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills. The document also examines different types of trauma and their characteristic effects on children.

1. Effects of
traumaon psychological development on children

2. Introduction
There is a relationship between child development and trauma.
The child who experiences abuse, neglect and depression
always has a problem in the development.
This affects the neurodevelopment and the psychosocial part
of the brain.
According to the scientists, the advert experiences of stress
affects the child’s brain development.
Such children show mental, social, and medicate
complications later in life.

3. ● There is a relationship between child development
and trauma.
● The child who experiences abuse, neglect and
depression always has a problem in the development.
● This affects the neurodevelopment and the
psychosocial part of the brain.
● According to the scientists, the advert experiences of
stress affects the child’s brain development.
● Such children show mental, social, and medicate
complications later in life.

4. Literature
review
As mentioned in phd dissertation proposal
most children experience traumatic events
either physically, emotionally or sexually in
the world. However, many people tend to
ignore the effects that trauma cause on the
psychological development of the child
(Lanius, et al., 2010). Extreme psychological
trauma leads to impairment of the
neuroendocrine system of the child. Stress
also triggers the fighting for survival
response in the child when he grows up.
Stress activates the sympathies as well as
suppressing the parasympathetic nerves in
the body. Therefore they fight along as a
form of defense mechanism. Study shows
that such actions affect the brain
development by destructing the brain
development cells (Goodyear-Brown, 2012).

5. Types of
trauma
● There are different types of trauma that parents can
cause to the child.
● Acute trauma which is a single event that happens
within a given time
● Chronic trauma which involves an experience that
happens severally in the life of the child
● Complex trauma which is the exposure to chronic
trauma several times and this mostly comes from
the adult caregivers so they try to impact such
trauma to the child which affects them later.
The abstract of a
thesis contains the
excerpt of the
following data:

6. Effects of acute
trauma
● Slow brain development
● Low education performance
● Lack of social relationships
● Behavioral problems
The mental development of children is one of the phd dissertation topics that
includes uncovering the following effects:

7. Abuse is the physical, emotional,
or sexual act that one practices
on a child.
Child
Abuse

8. Physical
abuse
Emotional abuse
Sexual abuse
Types of abuse

9. ● The physical abuse involves kicking, shaking,
burning or hitting.
● Sexual abuse is the sexual act that is done to a young
child by an adult forcefully.
● Emotional abuse any form of injury caused to the
child affecting his psychological or emotional
stability. Child abuses cause brain damage to the
development of the child.
● Children who suffer abuse usually experience
trauma. Those who are exposed to domestic violence
for such as disaster or the traumatic events always
have fear and lack confidence in anything
Traumaasaresultofabuse

10. The effects of
mild traumatic
event is based on
several factors
–The age and developmental stage of
the baby
–The child’s view of the dangers he is
facing
–if the child was the victim or just a
witness
–The relationship between the child and
the abuser
–The child’s previous experiences with
trauma
–The difficulties the child faces after
trauma
–The availability for help and
protection

11. ● The brain of the child develops as he continues
to grow.
● the prenatal brain is 2-3 times of the adult
neurons.
● There are a maximum number of neurons at
birth.
● The neuroformation usually stops at birth.
● The brain continues to grow over the first few
years because of myelination as well as synaptic
connections.
● The growth of the brain depends on the
stimulations that the child is exposed to.
Brain development

12. This is psychological and physical
reaction to the child in a given
context.
The traumatic events make
someone feel terrorized and
insecure.
Child Traumatic Stress

13. ● One Focuses on survival tactics
● Leads to more excitable neurons
● Reduces development in the left brain
● Reduces the size corpus callosum
● Leads to dull activity in cerebellum
● They become hyper arousal
● Associated with Dissociation
● Have Attachment problems
● Lacks of empathy
Psychological
Impact Stress

14. ● The child has few
synapses at birth but
the new form as are a
result of stimulation.
● The neural pathway
leads to skill
acquisition and
memory development:
Brain
development
1. Motor
2. Cognitive
3. Emotional

15. ● Leads to Anxiety
● Depression
● Dissociation
● Difficulty concentration
● Having Academic problems
● Withdrawn and lack of connection
● Flashbacks
● Increased hyper vigilance
● Have sleeping disorder
Effects on psychological
development

16. The brain of a child keeps changing with
time. A child is born with more than 100
billion neurons; however, some parts of
the body will make more neurons.
The growth and development is a
sensitive part of growth which should not
be alerted and any alteration remains
permanently.
he brain and development forms though
selective losses of neurons according to
their use. Neurons are important parts of
the brain.
The neurons are activated and preserved
on several occasions and the duplicates
die naturally. This process is called
apoptosis. The dramatic increase in the
size of the brain leads to the formation of
the links between neurons and
maturation of the neurons with ax

17. Impact of trauma on
neurodevelopment
● Some areas of the brain lobes
● Decrease in the size of the
brain
● Anterior cingulated gyrus
appears to be low in chemical
production
● The neurons in the anterior
region called cingulated was
like that of the alcoholics and
adults
?
?

18. ● Psychosocial development comes as a result of a
good bonding with the parents.
● There are many psychosocial processes that
develop during the time of bonding. Such
processes include emotion, impulse control,
development of a good relationship with others,
positive sense and identification of norms and
values.
● Lack of good and healthy attachment affects
the psychosocial development of the child. Such
children find it hard to form a good
relationship with others.
● They can also not control their emotions.
Psychosocial development

19. ● Bonding and attachment play
an important role in this.
● This helps a child to endure
emotional relationship with
specific people.
● Secondly, the presence of a
person in life provides a sense
of security in a child.
● However, loss of a close
person or trauma leads to
emotional distress.
BondinginPsychosocial
development

20. Effects of trauma on
the psychological
development
● Post traumatic stress
● Panic
● Depression
● Lack of socialization
● Isolated identity disorder
● Bipolar
● Personality development
disorder
● Eating difficulty
● Schizophrenia

21. ● The caregivers should maximize their sense of security to such
children.
● People should help these children to reduce emotions that are
over-we liming
● Should help the children to figure out new meanings in life
● Should try to address the issues that lead to trauma
● Coordinate with other agencies to help such children
● Use the assessment measures to understand the traumatic
experiences that the child is going through and find ways to help
them.
● Promote stable relationship in the life the child
● Manage stress
Recommendations

22. Conclusion
● Traumatic experiences due to neglect and child
abuse leads to increased levels of cortical in
children.
● This increase is toxic to the neurons in various
parts of the brain. Trauma develops and forms a
cumulative impact on the child’s psychological
development which shapes a different world
view.
● They start to respond to the environment
differently. They find it hard to relate well with
the environment.
● This impairs their judgment towards the things
that happen around them. Moreover, they find it
hard to make their discussions in the future.

23. ● Destin, M. L., & Union Institute & University. (2008). Effects of mental
health counseling for maltreated elementary school children.
● Goodyear-Brown, P. (2012). Handbook of child sexual abuse:
Identification, assessment, and treatment. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley
& Sons.
● Howe, M. L., Goodman, G. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2008). Stress, trauma,
and children's memory development: Neurobiological, cognitive,
clinical, and legal perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
● Lanius, R. A., Vermetten, E., & Pain, C. (2010). The impact of early life
trauma on health and disease: The hidden epidemic. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
References

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