Therapy simulation models can be used in health informatics to simulate different disease states and treatment options. One such model is the Diabetes Treatment Simulation Model, which assesses alternative strategies for intensifying diabetes treatment based on hemoglobin A1c thresholds. The model projects long-term outcomes like life expectancy and complication rates over 5, 10, and 40 years. It also calculates quality-adjusted life years. Another application is virtual reality therapy, which uses virtual reality technology to treat anxiety disorders and phobias.
Intro to informatics pharmacist by Linus LayLinus Lay
Presented by Linus Lay, Pharm.D. Candidate from the University of Rhode Island Class of 2022.
This presentation was in-service to RxInsider, a B2B multimedia publishing and technology company for the "business of pharmacy." Pharmacy Informatics is a rising field in the specialties of pharmacy. This presentation provides a brief background on the responsibilities of an informatics pharmacist, short history of the specialty curriculum, and the current education for the field of informatics for student pharmacists.
View MyCred Portfolio: https://mycred.com/p/2929377185
View Youtube Video: https://youtu.be/WTi2ldztl2I
Biopharmaceutics: Mechanisms of Drug AbsorptionSURYAKANTVERMA2
Biopharmaceutics is defined as the study of factors influencing the rate and amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation and the use of this information to optimise the therapeutic efficacy of the drug products.
In this slides included clinical pharmacy introduction and pharmaceutical care, also explanation about the goals and objectives of the clinical pharmacy requirements
Patient Counseling is defined as providing medication information Orally or in written form to the patients or their representatives on directions of use, on side effects, precautions, storage, diet, life style modifications.
BIOPHARMACEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG PRODUCT DESIGNN Anusha
BIOPHARMACEUTICS studies the in vitro impact of physicochemical properties of drugs and drug products on delivery to body under normal or pathologic conditions.
Biopharmaceutics links the physical and chemical properties of drug and drug product to their performance, in vivo.
The aim of biopharmaceutics is to adjust the delivery of drug from drug products in such a manner as to provide: optimal therapeutic activity and safety for the patient.
Brief description of targeted drug delivery system, along with its concept and strategies for drug targeting. Advantages and disadvantages of drug targeting
Need for drug targeting.
Community Pharmacy: Defined as a place where the medicines are stocked and dispensed to the patients or patient care givers under the supervision of a qualified and registered pharmacist upon the production of a prescription or when legally permitted without the prescription
Role of Social media in the Pharmaceutical industry in SingaporeAmritha Siddharth
Copyright (c) 2012 Amritha Chottakurien
All Rights Reserved
This product is protected by copyright and distributed restricting copying, distribution, and decompilation.
Intro to informatics pharmacist by Linus LayLinus Lay
Presented by Linus Lay, Pharm.D. Candidate from the University of Rhode Island Class of 2022.
This presentation was in-service to RxInsider, a B2B multimedia publishing and technology company for the "business of pharmacy." Pharmacy Informatics is a rising field in the specialties of pharmacy. This presentation provides a brief background on the responsibilities of an informatics pharmacist, short history of the specialty curriculum, and the current education for the field of informatics for student pharmacists.
View MyCred Portfolio: https://mycred.com/p/2929377185
View Youtube Video: https://youtu.be/WTi2ldztl2I
Biopharmaceutics: Mechanisms of Drug AbsorptionSURYAKANTVERMA2
Biopharmaceutics is defined as the study of factors influencing the rate and amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation and the use of this information to optimise the therapeutic efficacy of the drug products.
In this slides included clinical pharmacy introduction and pharmaceutical care, also explanation about the goals and objectives of the clinical pharmacy requirements
Patient Counseling is defined as providing medication information Orally or in written form to the patients or their representatives on directions of use, on side effects, precautions, storage, diet, life style modifications.
BIOPHARMACEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG PRODUCT DESIGNN Anusha
BIOPHARMACEUTICS studies the in vitro impact of physicochemical properties of drugs and drug products on delivery to body under normal or pathologic conditions.
Biopharmaceutics links the physical and chemical properties of drug and drug product to their performance, in vivo.
The aim of biopharmaceutics is to adjust the delivery of drug from drug products in such a manner as to provide: optimal therapeutic activity and safety for the patient.
Brief description of targeted drug delivery system, along with its concept and strategies for drug targeting. Advantages and disadvantages of drug targeting
Need for drug targeting.
Community Pharmacy: Defined as a place where the medicines are stocked and dispensed to the patients or patient care givers under the supervision of a qualified and registered pharmacist upon the production of a prescription or when legally permitted without the prescription
Role of Social media in the Pharmaceutical industry in SingaporeAmritha Siddharth
Copyright (c) 2012 Amritha Chottakurien
All Rights Reserved
This product is protected by copyright and distributed restricting copying, distribution, and decompilation.
Pharmaceutical Industry Financial Analysisjpotts89
This is a presentation that was completed for my Corporate Finance class my senior year with a team of three other students. I did my valuation of Eli Lilly.
Importance of social media in Pharmaceutical industryActiance, Inc.
Guidelines for the pharmaceutical industry are lacking, Novartis had used Facebook and two popular social networking sites, to influence consumers in spreading the word about Tasigna, a cancer drug. The FDA concluded that Novartis’ act failed to meet regulatory and compliance standards. Specifically, the FDA called out Novartis’ marketing as incomplete and misleading since it failed to communicate any risk information associated with the use of Tasigna.
Pharmaceutical HVAC (Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also heating...Palash Das
This slide is represent the HVAC design,qualification and operational approach. As we know HVAC is important system for maintaining clean room. This presentation is made based on the requirement of Pharmaceutical Industry. All parameter are considered based on the current guidelines aspect.
E-Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry (a student presentation)SunnyShah
As a way of giving back to our university, The University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Dominic, Rina, and myself gave a presentation about "e-Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry".
All points taken from this presentation were only used by students for educational purposes and much of the information was gathered from the 8th annual ePharma Summit that we went to.
PRESENT SCENARIO OF INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN VIEW OF GLOBAL ...sridivyaannavarapu
THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT HAS STARTED TO ENCOURAGE THE GROWTH OF DRUG MANUFACTURING BY INDIAN COMPANIES IN THE EARLY 1960s. AT PRESENT THERE ARE MANY NUMBER OF PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN INDIA WITH MANY NOVEL DRUG INVENTORIES
The impact of social media on the pharmaceutical sectorPaul Grant
A presentation delivered to an audience of medical information, researchers, and clinical trial colleagues from within the pharmaceutical industry at the DIA Clinical Forum in Basel, 12th October 2011
Supply chain issues in Pharma industryJaimeen Rana
Supply Chain Management in pharmaceutical industry plays a very critical part as availability of the product at right time has to be ensured for unpredictable demand patterns. Issues being faced in this industry and solutions for those problems are mentioned in the presentation.
This presentation was a part of my group project study at M S Ramaiah Institute Of Management, Bangalore. Co-Developed by : Shashank M.A, Prasad E. Prabhu, Binit chouraria, Koushik Basak & Uma Maheshwar Rao (MSRIM Bangalore)
By:-
Aniruddh Tiwari
Linkedin :- http://in.linkedin.com/in/aniruddhtiwari
Machine learning and operations research to find diabetics at risk for readmisison.
A team of researchers was able to apply machine learning to reduce readmissions for diabetics, see "Identifying diabetic patients with high risk of readmission" (Bhuvan,Kumar, Zafar, Aand Kishore, 2016).
Emerging big data assets allow more accurate prediction of improved hba1c outcomes for common diabetes drug regimens based on patient characteristics. Building on existing literature and methodologies, an initial model for personalized diabetes drug regimen prediction has been developed. Results improved upon previous similar models. The building blocks for this model can be generalized for applications in personalized medicine.
Diabetes Prediction by Supervised and Unsupervised Approaches with Feature Se...IJARIIT
Two approaches to building models for prediction of the onset of Type diabetes mellitus in juvenile subjects were examined. A set of tests performed immediately before diagnosis was used to build classifiers to predict whether the subject would be diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. A modified training set consisting of differences between test results taken at different times was also used to build classifiers to predict whether a subject would be diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. Supervised were compared with decision trees and unsupervised of both types of classifiers. In this study, the system and the test most likely to confirm a diagnosis based on the pre-test probability computed from the patient's information including symptoms and the results of previous tests. If the patient's disease post-test probability is higher than the treatment threshold, a diagnostic decision will be made, and vice versa. Otherwise, the patient needs more tests to help make a decision. The system will then recommend the next optimal test and repeat the same process. In this thesis find out which approach is better on diabetes dataset in weka framework. Also use feature selection techniques which reduce the features and complexities of process
The Relationship Between Quality of Care and Choice of Clinical Computing System: Retrospective Analysis of Family Practice Performance Under the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework
A mapping study on blood glucose recommender system for patients with gestati...journalBEEI
Blood glucose (BG) prediction system can help gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patient to improve the BG control with managing their dietary intake based on healthy food. Many techniques have been developed to deal with blood glucose prediction, especially those for recommender system. In this study, we conduct a systematic mapping study to investigate recent research about BG prediction in recommender systems. This study describes an overview of research (2014-2018) about BG prediction techniques that has been used for BG recommender system. As results, 25 studies concerning BG prediction in recommender system were selected. We observed that although there is numerous studies published, only a few studies took serious discussion about techniques used to incorporate the BG algorithms. Our result highlighted that only one study discusses hybrid filtering technique in BG recommender system for GDM even though it has an ability to learn from experience and to improve prediction performance. We hope that this study will encourage researchers to consider not only machine learning and artificial intelligent techniques but also hybrid filtering technique for BG recommender system in the future research.
Theory and Practice of Integrating Machine Learning and Conventional Statisti...University of Malaya
The practice of medical decision making is changing rapidly with the development of innovative
computing technologies. The growing interest of data analysis in line with the advancement in data
science raises the question of whether machine learning can be integrated with conventional statistics
in health research. To help address this knowledge gap, this talk focuses on the conceptual
integration between conventional statistics and machine learning, with a direction towards health
research. The similarities and differences between the two are compared using mathematical
concepts and algorithms. The comparison between conventional statistics and machine learning
methods indicates that conventional statistics are the fundamental basis of machine learning, where
the black box algorithms are derived from basic mathematics, but are advanced in terms of
automated analysis, handling big data and providing interactive visualizations. While the nature of
both these methods are different, they are conceptually similar. The evidence produced here
concludes that conventional statistics and machine learning are best to be integrated to develop
automated data analysis tools. Health researchers may explore machine learning as a potential tool to
enhance conventional statistics in data analytics for added reliable validation measures.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing field and its applications to diabetes, a global pandemic, can reform the approach to diagnosis and management of this chronic condition. Principles of machine learning have been used to build algorithms to support predictive models for the risk of developing diabetes or its consequent complications. Digital therapeutics have proven to be an established intervention for lifestyle therapy in the management of diabetes. Patients are increasingly being empowered for self-management of diabetes, and both patients and health care professionals are benefitting from clinical decision support. AI allows a continuous and burden-free remote monitoring of the patient's symptoms and biomarkers. Further, social media and online communities enhance patient engagement in diabetes care. Technical advances have helped to optimize resource use in diabetes. Together, these intelligent technical reforms have produced better glycemic control with reductions in fasting and postprandial glucose levels, glucose excursions, and glycosylated hemoglobin. AI will introduce a paradigm shift in diabetes care from conventional management strategies to building targeted data-driven precision care.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...
Pharmacy informatics
1. Therapy Simulation Models in
Health Informatics
Ankit Dhaundiyal ,
M.S.(Pharm.) 3rd Semester,
Dept. of Pharmacoinformatics,
NIPER, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab (160062)
2. Outline
• Brief Introduction of Pharmacy Informatics
• Use of Computers in simulating different pathological
states of human body
• Diabetes Treatment Simulation Model
• Virtual Reality Therapy
2
3. What is Pharmacy Informatics/Health Informatics ?
• Pharmacy informatics is the scientific field that
focuses on medication-related data and knowledge
within the continuum of healthcare systems -
including its acquisition, storage, analysis, use and
dissemination - in the delivery of optimal medication-
related patient care and health outcomes
(HIMSS October 2006)
3
4. Health Informatics
• What is Health Informatics?
– A discipline at the intersection of information
science, computer science, and health care
– Is the interdisciplinary study of the design,
development, adoption and application of IT-based
innovations in healthcare services delivery,
management and planning.
– Deals with the resources, devices, and methods
required to optimize the acquisition, storage,
retrieval, and use of information in health and
biomedicine
5. Health Informatics
• Applications of Health Informatics
– Translational Bioinformatics
– Clinical Research Informatics
– Clinical Informatics
– Consumer Health Informatics
– Public Health Informatics
6. • Health Informatics is, in part, a mathematics and
statistics-based approach to understanding health
information
7. What is a Model ?
• A model is a logical mathematical framework that
permits the integration of facts and values and that links
these data to outcomes that are of interest to health-care
decision makers.
• End result of a model is often an estimate of cost per
quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained or other
measure of value for money.
7
8. Conditions for a Good Model
• Ability to reveal the logical connection between inputs
(i.e., data and assumptions) and outputs in the form of
valued consequences and costs
• should be transparent to the end user
8
9. Components of a Model
Model definition and evaluation
Data
Data identification
Data modeling
Data incorporation
Validation
Internal validation
Between model validation
External and predictive validation
9
10. • Various Therapeutic Simulation Models
1. Diabetes mellitus
2. HIV-AIDS
3. Radiation therapy simulation
4. Post traumatic disorder
10
11. Diabetes Treatment Simulation Model
• Assess alternative treatment intensification strategies on survival
and diabetes-related complications
• The objective of this analysis is to project the long-term impacts on
life expectancy and occurrence over 5, 10, and 40 years of
microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
• Different haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) thresholds used for
intensifying treatment of type 2 diabetes.
11
12. • In the present analysis, the model is used to investigate the impact of
alternative HbA1c thresholds for treatment intensification ranging
from 7.0 to 9.0% .
• Model is run using 80 simulated patients for each of 1224 patient
profiles from the Real-Life effectiveness and Care Patterns of
Diabetes Management study (for a total of 97 920 simulated
patients) to project the number of patients who will experience
diabetes-related complications over time
12
13. • Enables health-care researchers, providers and decision makers to
project the long-term consequences of provider behaviours on
various diabetes related complications as well as patients’ quality of
life (QOL; quality-adjusted life years)
• Januvia Diabetes Economic (JADE) Model, to evaluate the effects of
using different HbA1c thresholds for intensifying pharmacotherapy
on long-term health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
13
14. • Model Structure of JADE :
The model builds on the landmark United Kingdom Prospective
Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Outcomes Model, incorporating its
integrated system of event risk equations and simulation
algorithm to predict the occurrence and timing of seven diabetes-
related complications and death.
Permits the calculation of cost-effectiveness interventions to help
determine cost-effective treatment strategies for patients with type
2 diabetes.
14
15. The JADE Model has been written using Microsoft Visual Basic
6.3 [Visual Basics for Applicants (VBA)] with Microsoft Office
Excel 2003.
JADE Model comprises five related modules :
Initial conditions
Treatment conditions
Risk factor/adverse events
Diabetes-related events and
Cost/QOL
15
16. Initial Conditions :
• Purpose of the Initial Conditions module is to establish the
baseline profile for each patient whose life course with
diabetes will be simulated.
• Each profile contains information on the patient’s current
risk factor status, history of pre-existing diabetes-related
complications and current treatment regimen.
16
17. Treatment Module :
• Used to simulate the sequence of up to six treatment
regimens prescribed over a patient’s lifetime.
• Specific sequence or path a patient takes through the
treatment algorithm depends on the patient’s simulated
HbA1c response to, and toleration of, specific regimens and
the development of potential contraindications over time
17
18. Fig 1. Treatment pathways evaluated in the treatment-intensification example. Basal,
basal insulin; MDI, multiple-dose insulin; MF, metformin; Rosi, rosiglitazone; SU,
sulphonylurea.
18
19. Fig 2. Structure of the Januvia Diabetes Economic Model. QOL, quality of life.
19
20. Risk Factor/Adverse Events Module
• When a patient initiates a new oral AHA or insulin
regimen, changes in HbA1c are assumed to follow
three stages over time:
a drop in HbA1c during the first cycle,
followed by a stable HbA1c period
then increases in HbA1c at a fixed rate over time.
20
21. • Other time-varying factors :
1. Total cholesterol (TC) to high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (HDL) ratio,
2. Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
3. Body mass index
21
23. Cost/QOL Module
• Accumulates the costs, survival time and quality-
adjusted survival time for a patient.
• The user can specify whether diabetes-related
complications have either a short-term (single-cycle)
or long-term (lifetime) impact on the patient’s QOL.
23
25. • Method of psychotherapy that uses virtual
reality technology to treat patients with anxiety
disorders and phobias
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oe_3uL4JxEc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIj26r4VPaA
25
28. References
• Principles of Good Practice for Decision Analytic Modeling in Health-Care Evaluation:
Report of the ISPOR Task Force on Good Research Practices—Modeling Studies Milton
C.Weinstein, PhD, Bernie O’Brien, PhD, John Hornberger, MD, MS, Joseph Jackson, PhD,
Volume 6 • Number 1 • 2003 VA L U E I N H E A LT H.
• THE USE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION IN HEALTH CARE FACILITY DESIGN O.
George Kennedy, Ph.D. Manager, Management Systems - Midwestern Region MEDICUS
Systems
• Development of a diabetes treatment simulation model: with application to assessing
alternative treatment intensification strategies on survival and diabetes-related complications
J. Chen,1 E. Alemao,2 D. Yin2 and J. Cook Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 10 (Suppl. 1),
2008, 33–42
28