Pharmaceutical care involves designing and managing drug therapy plans to improve patients' quality of life. The goal is to optimize health outcomes while minimizing costs. Key aspects of pharmaceutical care include identifying and resolving drug-related problems, developing personalized treatment plans, educating patients, and monitoring progress. However, lack of elements like effective communication could lead to unintended situations, as seen in a study where 40% of parents gave young children cough medicine despite labels warning against its use in that age group.
REVIEWING THE CLINICIANS PRESCRIPTION AND TREATMENT PROGRESSION IS THE FUNDAMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PHARMACIST. THIS PRESENTATION WILL DEAL WITH VARIOUS ASPECTS OF REVIEWING PATIENT DRUGTHERAPY PLAN
Introduction to daily activities of clinical pharmacist.
Drug therapy monitoring,
Medication chart review
Clinical Progress
Pharmacist intervention
Detection and management of ADRs
REVIEWING THE CLINICIANS PRESCRIPTION AND TREATMENT PROGRESSION IS THE FUNDAMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PHARMACIST. THIS PRESENTATION WILL DEAL WITH VARIOUS ASPECTS OF REVIEWING PATIENT DRUGTHERAPY PLAN
Introduction to daily activities of clinical pharmacist.
Drug therapy monitoring,
Medication chart review
Clinical Progress
Pharmacist intervention
Detection and management of ADRs
Patient medication adherence, Medication adherence, Causes of medication non-adherence, Problems linked with Medication Non-adherence, Factors affecting medication adherence, Patient related factors, Social and Economic factor, Disease related factor, Health care provider related factors, Therapy related factors, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, role of pharmacist in the medication adherence, monitoring of patient medication adherence, Direct method, Indirect method
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pharmacy, functions and
responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart
review, clinical review
Clinical pharmacokinetics and its application--
1)definition
2) APPLICATIONS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
Design of dosage regimens:
a) Nomograms and Tabulations in designing dosage regimen,
b) Conversion from intravenous to oral dosing,
c) Determination of dose and dosing intervals,
d) Drug dosing in the elderly and pediatrics and obese patients.
Pharmacokinetics of Drug Interaction:
a) Pharmacokinetic drug interactions
b) Inhibition and Induction of Drug metabolism
c) Inhibition of Biliary Excretion.
Therapeutic Drug monitoring:
a) Introduction
b) Individualization of drug dosage regimen (Variability – Genetic, Age and Weight, disease, Interacting drugs).
c) Indications for TDM. Protocol for TDM.
d) Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation in drug therapy.
e) TDM of drugs used in the following disease conditions: cardiovascular disease, Seizure disorders, Psychiatric conditions, and Organ transplantations
Dosage adjustment in Renal and Hepatic Disease.
a. Renal impairment
b. Pharmacokinetic considerations
c. General approach for dosage adjustment in renal disease.
d. Measurement of Glomerular Filtration rate and creatinine clearance.
e. Dosage adjustment for uremic patients.
f. Extracorporeal removal of drugs.
g. Effect of Hepatic disease on pharmacokinetics.
Population Pharmacokinetics.
a) Introduction to Bayesian Theory.
b) Adaptive method or Dosing with feedback.
c) Analysis of Population pharmacokinetic Data
Hospital pharmacy-Organisation and management
a) Organizational structure-Staff, Infrastructure & work load statistics
b) Management of materials and finance
c) Roles & responsibilities of hospital pharmacist
These slides are prepared to give the basic knowledge of ward rounds; how these ward rounds helps to enhance the practical skills of the medical practitioner, medical student as well as pharmacists
Patient medication adherence, Medication adherence, Causes of medication non-adherence, Problems linked with Medication Non-adherence, Factors affecting medication adherence, Patient related factors, Social and Economic factor, Disease related factor, Health care provider related factors, Therapy related factors, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, role of pharmacist in the medication adherence, monitoring of patient medication adherence, Direct method, Indirect method
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pharmacy, functions and
responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart
review, clinical review
Clinical pharmacokinetics and its application--
1)definition
2) APPLICATIONS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
Design of dosage regimens:
a) Nomograms and Tabulations in designing dosage regimen,
b) Conversion from intravenous to oral dosing,
c) Determination of dose and dosing intervals,
d) Drug dosing in the elderly and pediatrics and obese patients.
Pharmacokinetics of Drug Interaction:
a) Pharmacokinetic drug interactions
b) Inhibition and Induction of Drug metabolism
c) Inhibition of Biliary Excretion.
Therapeutic Drug monitoring:
a) Introduction
b) Individualization of drug dosage regimen (Variability – Genetic, Age and Weight, disease, Interacting drugs).
c) Indications for TDM. Protocol for TDM.
d) Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation in drug therapy.
e) TDM of drugs used in the following disease conditions: cardiovascular disease, Seizure disorders, Psychiatric conditions, and Organ transplantations
Dosage adjustment in Renal and Hepatic Disease.
a. Renal impairment
b. Pharmacokinetic considerations
c. General approach for dosage adjustment in renal disease.
d. Measurement of Glomerular Filtration rate and creatinine clearance.
e. Dosage adjustment for uremic patients.
f. Extracorporeal removal of drugs.
g. Effect of Hepatic disease on pharmacokinetics.
Population Pharmacokinetics.
a) Introduction to Bayesian Theory.
b) Adaptive method or Dosing with feedback.
c) Analysis of Population pharmacokinetic Data
Hospital pharmacy-Organisation and management
a) Organizational structure-Staff, Infrastructure & work load statistics
b) Management of materials and finance
c) Roles & responsibilities of hospital pharmacist
These slides are prepared to give the basic knowledge of ward rounds; how these ward rounds helps to enhance the practical skills of the medical practitioner, medical student as well as pharmacists
From coworker to coworker :: How to enable knowledge sharing & fuel collabora...Doris Schuppe
Input from me as a coworker to a session about knowledge sharing in coworking spaces :: Coworking Europe Conference :: #coworkingEU :: Paris, November 2012 :: prezi at http://prezi.com/se6nkc7joih8/from-coworker-to-coworker/
There's many aspects to being great at your job. To build a successful career in web design and development, we have to look at the bigger picture of professionalism, from self-progress to collaborating with our coworkers to interactions with clients. Let's explore beyond what our daily job description might call for and talk about some of the lesser-known skills and habits that take you from being a good coworker to a great one.
This presentation is prepared to enhance the adherence of patient to their specific medication as prescribed by the physician and the role of pharmacist in improving the adherence of patient to their medication including various factors influence the adherence ,methods to measure adherence and methods to improve adherence .
Introduction: Medication adherence is defined by the World Health Organisation as “The degree to which the person's behaviour corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider
Factor Affecting Non-Adherance:Poor adherence or non-adherence to medical treatment severely compromises patient outcomes and increases patient mortality.
Non-adherence is a very common phenomenon in all patients with drug-taking behaviour.
The complexity of adherence is the result of an interplay of a range of factors, including patient views and attributes, illness characteristics, social contexts, access, and service issues.
Non-adherence: Non-adherence is the failure or refusal to comply with advice and can imply disobedience on the part of patient
5 step Factors: Social/economic and Economic Factors
Provider-patient/health care system factors
Condition-related factors
Therapy-related factors
Patient-related factors
Behavioural Factors:
Life style (smoking, alcohol, coffee use) Psychological and personality factors: anxiety, depression, coping style
Biological factors:
Gender, age, and genetic predisposition
Social and cultural factors:
Educational level, living situation, price of medication, policies.
Information Factors:
Have you received enough information? Satisfaction with the last visit?
Awareness factors:
Severity of the complaints (Baseline) quality of life,
Locus of control about patient adherence:
internal and external, stability and control about the cause of the complaints: internal and external, stability and controllability.
Stages to Overcome This Barrier
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Pharmaceutical care is the responsible
provision of drug therapy for the purpose
of achieving definite outcomes that
improve a patient's quality of life .
These outcomes are,
Cure of a disease
Preventing a disease or symptomatology
Arresting or slowing of a disease process
Elimination or reduction of a patient’s symptomatology
D E F I N I T I O N
4. Pharmaceutical care involves the process through which a
pharmacist cooperates with a patient and other
professionals in designing, implementing, and monitoring a
therapeutic plan that will produce specific therapeutic
outcomes for the patient. This in turn involves three major
functions:
Identifying potential
and actual drug-related
problems
Resolving actual
drug-related problems
Preventing drug-related
problems
5. The goal of Pharmaceutical Care is to optimize
the patient's health-related quality of life, and
achieve positive clinical outcomes, within realistic
economic expenditures.
To achieve this goal, the following must be
accomplished:
The Goal of Pharmaceutical Care
6. Interaction between the pharmacist and the patient must occur to assure that a relationship based upon
caring, trust, open communication, cooperation, and mutual decision making is established and maintained.
In this relationship, the pharmacist holds the patient's welfare paramount, maintains an appropriate attitude of
caring for the patient's welfare, and uses all his/her professional knowledge and skills on the patient's behalf.
In exchange, the patient agrees to supply personal information and preferences, and participate in the
therapeutic plan. The pharmacist develops mechanisms to assure the patient has access to pharmaceutical care
at all times.
How to Achieve The Goal of Pharmaceutical Care
7. • Pharmacists must collect and/or generate subjective and objective information
regarding the patient's general health and activity status, past medical history,
medication history, social history, diet and exercise history, history of present illness,
and economic situation (financial and insured status).
• Sources of information may include, but are not limited to, the patient, medical
charts and reports, pharmacist-conducted health/physical assessment, the patient's
family or caregiver, insurer, and other healthcare providers including physicians,
nurses, mid-level practitioners and other pharmacists.
• Since this information will form the basis for decisions regarding the development
and subsequent modification of the drug therapy plan, it must be timely, accurate,
and complete, and it must be organized and recorded to assure that it is readily
retrievable and updated as necessary and appropriate. Patient information must be
maintained in a confidential manner.
How to Achieve The Goal of Pharmaceutical Care
8. • Based upon a thorough understanding of the patient and his/her condition or disease and its treatment, the
pharmacist must, with the patient and with the patient's other healthcare providers as necessary, develop an
outcomes-oriented drug therapy plan. The plan may have various components which address each of the
patient's diseases or conditions. In designing the plan, the pharmacist must carefully consider the psycho-social
aspects of the disease as well as the potential relationship between the cost and/or complexity of
therapy and patient adherence.
How to Achieve The Goal of Pharmaceutical Care
9. •As one of the patient's advocates, the pharmacist assures the
coordination of drug therapy with the patient's other healthcare
providers and the patient. In addition, the patient must be
apprised of (1) various pros and cons (i.e., cost, side effects,
different monitoring aspects, etc.) of the options relative to drug
therapy and (2) instances where one option may be more
beneficial based on the pharmacist's professional judgment.
•The essential elements of the plan, including the
patient's responsibilities, must be carefully and completely
explained to the patient. Information should be provided
to the patient at a level the patient will understand. The
drug therapy plan must be documented in the patient's
pharmacy record and communicated to the patient's other
healthcare providers as necessary.
How to Achieve The Goal of Pharmaceutical Care
10. The pharmacist providing Pharmaceutical Care must assume ultimate responsibility for assuring that his/her
patient has been able to obtain, and is appropriately using, any drugs and related products or equipment called for
in the drug therapy plan.
The pharmacist must also assure that the patient has a thorough understanding of the disease and the
therapy/medications prescribed in the plan.
How to Achieve The Goal of Pharmaceutical Care
11. The pharmacist is responsible for monitoring the patient's progress in achieving the specific outcomes
according to strategy developed in the drug therapy plan.
The pharmacist coordinates changes in the plan with the patient and the patient's other healthcare providers
as necessary and appropriate in order to maintain or enhance the safety and/or effectiveness of drug therapy and
to help minimize overall healthcare costs.
How to Achieve The Goal of Pharmaceutical Care
12. Patient progress is accurately documented in the pharmacy record and communicated to the patient and to
the patient's other healthcare providers as appropriate. The pharmacist shares information with other healthcare
providers as the setting for care changes thus helping assure continuity of care as the patient moves between the
community setting, the institutional setting, and the long-term care setting.
How to Achieve The Goal of Pharmaceutical Care
13.
14. Lack of those elements, such as communication skills, could led unwanted situations to
occur, here is the example.
Proportion of parents who give cough and
cold medicines to children < 4 years old
In January 2013, the C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health
asked a national sample of parents of children age 0-3 years about their use of cough
and cold medicines.
Effect of Lack Quality
15. oOver-the-counter cough and cold medicines
have warning labels that say these products
should not be given to children under four
years old.
o4 in 10 parents reported giving cough
medicine or multi-symptom cough and cold
medicine to their children under four years
old.
o1 in 4 parents reported giving
decongestants to their children under four
years old.
Effect of Lack Quality