Medication adherence refers to the extent to which a patient follows medical advice regarding prescribed medications. It is important for therapeutic outcomes, especially for chronic illnesses. While many factors can influence adherence, it is difficult to predict. Pharmacists are well-positioned to improve adherence through patient education about their medications, potential side effects, and the importance of adherence. Strategies like simplifying dosing regimens, using medication organizers, and addressing specific barriers can also help. Further research is still needed to better understand and promote adherence.
Objectives, scope, Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, type and design, dispensing of proprietary products, legal requirements
hospital formulary is developed under the guidance of pharmacy and therapeutic commitee of the hospital.pharmacist working in a hospital should play an important role in the preparation of the hospital formulary
Clinical pharmacy may be defined as the science and practice of rationale use of
medications, where the pharmacists are more oriented towards the patient care
rationalizing medication therapy promoting health , wellness of people.
It is the modern and extended field of pharmacy.
“ The discipline that embodies the application and development (by pharmacist) of
scientific principles of pharmacology, toxicology, therapeutics, and clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacogenomics and other allied
sciences for the care of patients”.
Objectives, scope, Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, type and design, dispensing of proprietary products, legal requirements
hospital formulary is developed under the guidance of pharmacy and therapeutic commitee of the hospital.pharmacist working in a hospital should play an important role in the preparation of the hospital formulary
Clinical pharmacy may be defined as the science and practice of rationale use of
medications, where the pharmacists are more oriented towards the patient care
rationalizing medication therapy promoting health , wellness of people.
It is the modern and extended field of pharmacy.
“ The discipline that embodies the application and development (by pharmacist) of
scientific principles of pharmacology, toxicology, therapeutics, and clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacogenomics and other allied
sciences for the care of patients”.
The Provision Of Written And/Or Verbal Information About Drugs And Drug Therapy In Response To A Request From Other Healthcare Providing Organizations, Committees, Patients, And Public Community
• Introduction
• The main activities of community pharmacists
• Processing of prescriptions
• Care of patients or clinical pharmacy
• Extemporaneous preparation and small-scale manufacture of medicines
• Traditional and alternative medicines
• Monitoring of drug utilization
• Responding to symptoms of minor ailments
• Informing health care professionals and the public
• Health promotion
• Domiciliary services
• Rational Use of Drugs
• Individualization of Drug
• Community Pharmacists Play Key Role in Improving Medication Safety
• Pharmacists as a Community Resource
• Conclusion
DRUG INFORMATION SERVICE AND DRUG INFORMATION BULLETINSHIVANEE VYAS
"Drug information center is one of the departments of the hospital and gives the recent knowledge and information about the medical, pharmacy field at any time to the physicians, staff of the hospital and to the citizens”.
Patient medication adherence, Medication adherence, Causes of medication non-adherence, Problems linked with Medication Non-adherence, Factors affecting medication adherence, Patient related factors, Social and Economic factor, Disease related factor, Health care provider related factors, Therapy related factors, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, role of pharmacist in the medication adherence, monitoring of patient medication adherence, Direct method, Indirect method
Community pharmacy-Definition ,scope and Roles and responsibilities of commun...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm D , Community Pharmacy -first chapter,definition of community pharmacy,its scope and the roles and responsibilities of community pharmacist in health care of common people,Dr.Merrin Joseph,Department of pharmacy practice
Water Content of Drug?
Impact Of Water Content Of Drug.
Methods Of Determining Water Content Of Drug.
Formula for Water Content Determination.
Calculation With Lab Practical Demo.
Loss On Drying of Drug?
Impact Of LOD Of Drug.
Formula of LOD Determination.
Calculation With Lab Practical Demo.
Basic Difference.
The Provision Of Written And/Or Verbal Information About Drugs And Drug Therapy In Response To A Request From Other Healthcare Providing Organizations, Committees, Patients, And Public Community
• Introduction
• The main activities of community pharmacists
• Processing of prescriptions
• Care of patients or clinical pharmacy
• Extemporaneous preparation and small-scale manufacture of medicines
• Traditional and alternative medicines
• Monitoring of drug utilization
• Responding to symptoms of minor ailments
• Informing health care professionals and the public
• Health promotion
• Domiciliary services
• Rational Use of Drugs
• Individualization of Drug
• Community Pharmacists Play Key Role in Improving Medication Safety
• Pharmacists as a Community Resource
• Conclusion
DRUG INFORMATION SERVICE AND DRUG INFORMATION BULLETINSHIVANEE VYAS
"Drug information center is one of the departments of the hospital and gives the recent knowledge and information about the medical, pharmacy field at any time to the physicians, staff of the hospital and to the citizens”.
Patient medication adherence, Medication adherence, Causes of medication non-adherence, Problems linked with Medication Non-adherence, Factors affecting medication adherence, Patient related factors, Social and Economic factor, Disease related factor, Health care provider related factors, Therapy related factors, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, role of pharmacist in the medication adherence, monitoring of patient medication adherence, Direct method, Indirect method
Community pharmacy-Definition ,scope and Roles and responsibilities of commun...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm D , Community Pharmacy -first chapter,definition of community pharmacy,its scope and the roles and responsibilities of community pharmacist in health care of common people,Dr.Merrin Joseph,Department of pharmacy practice
Water Content of Drug?
Impact Of Water Content Of Drug.
Methods Of Determining Water Content Of Drug.
Formula for Water Content Determination.
Calculation With Lab Practical Demo.
Loss On Drying of Drug?
Impact Of LOD Of Drug.
Formula of LOD Determination.
Calculation With Lab Practical Demo.
Basic Difference.
Introduction: Medication adherence is defined by the World Health Organisation as “The degree to which the person's behaviour corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider
Factor Affecting Non-Adherance:Poor adherence or non-adherence to medical treatment severely compromises patient outcomes and increases patient mortality.
Non-adherence is a very common phenomenon in all patients with drug-taking behaviour.
The complexity of adherence is the result of an interplay of a range of factors, including patient views and attributes, illness characteristics, social contexts, access, and service issues.
Non-adherence: Non-adherence is the failure or refusal to comply with advice and can imply disobedience on the part of patient
5 step Factors: Social/economic and Economic Factors
Provider-patient/health care system factors
Condition-related factors
Therapy-related factors
Patient-related factors
Behavioural Factors:
Life style (smoking, alcohol, coffee use) Psychological and personality factors: anxiety, depression, coping style
Biological factors:
Gender, age, and genetic predisposition
Social and cultural factors:
Educational level, living situation, price of medication, policies.
Information Factors:
Have you received enough information? Satisfaction with the last visit?
Awareness factors:
Severity of the complaints (Baseline) quality of life,
Locus of control about patient adherence:
internal and external, stability and control about the cause of the complaints: internal and external, stability and controllability.
Stages to Overcome This Barrier
pharmacist patient education and counseling Hemat Elgohary
Lack of sufficient knowledge about their health problems and medications cause of patients’ non-adherence to their pharmaco-therapeutic regimens and monitoring plans so pharmacist need to have skills and knowledge to improve patient adherence and reduce medication-related problems
1.Definition and benefits of patient counselling
2.Stages of patient counselling - Introduction, counselling content, counselling process and closing the counselling session
3.Barriers to effective counseling - Types and strategies to overcome the barriers
This presentation is prepared to enhance the adherence of patient to their specific medication as prescribed by the physician and the role of pharmacist in improving the adherence of patient to their medication including various factors influence the adherence ,methods to measure adherence and methods to improve adherence .
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. MEDICATION ADHERENCE
DEFINITION:
It is defined as the exact or extent to which a patient medication taking
behaviour concedes with the intention of the health advice he/she has been
given.
3. Medication adherence is the one of the most important factors that
determines the therapeutic out comes, especially in a patient suffering
from chronic illness/diseases.
Whatever the efficiency of the drug, it can’t act unless the patient
takes it. Low medication adherence has consumed importance as it
seriously undermines the benefits of current medical care and
imposes a significant financial burden on individual patient and health
care system as a whole.
The word ‘compliance’ can imply an authoritarian attitude on the part
of health care professionals and may suggest yielding and
submission by the patient.
‘Non-compliance’ is failure or refusal to comply with advice and can
imply disobedience on the part of patient.
4. Adherence to treat/treatment is the key link between treatment and
outcome in medical care.
Many variables which may influence adherence have been studied, but
none of them have been shown to consistently predict adherence.
Research into medication adherence has been piecemeal, and as there
is no gold standard for measuring adherence, it is difficult to draw
conclusions from the studies which have been done.
Further research is needed in this complex field, especially taking into
account the various factors that can be controlled to improve adherence.
Medication adherence richly deserves attention and much impetus is
needed to develop new ideas and theories to improve it.
5. ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN EDICATION
ADHERENCE:
•Pharmacists are in unique position to improve medication adherence
because they can actually show the medication to the patient and relate any
information to the medication itself.
•Pharmacists often provide verbal education and written individualized
information for the patient although the benefits of these strategies alone are
unclear.
• A few studies provide evidence of level ‖ or improved patient medication
adherence as a result of patient education given by pharmacy.
•Macdonald studied the effects of patient education by pharmacists on
medication adherence in post-discharge patients, which demonstrated a
clear benefit in the patients receiving education from pharmacists.
6. • In an unpublished study by authors, clear benefit was demonstrated in a
randomized control trial in both asthma and COPD patients with a follow-up
period of two months in improving medication adherence along with the
inhalation technique following pharmacist- based educational interventional
program.
• It was interesting to note that the improvement in the inhalation technique
continued with each educational sitting.
•The patients received both oral education and written instructions in the
local language about their diseases, need for regular medication and the
importance of each medication in an educational programme lasting 45
minutes in each sitting.
7. The information that patients need to know which pharmacists can
impart includes:
•Name and purpose of the drug.
•When and how to take the medication.
•Possible side effects.
•Precautions.
•Interaction with food or other drugs.
•Duration of therapy.
•Action to take if a dose is missed.
•How to tell if the medication is working or not working.
Strategies to improve the patient-pharmacist relationship are in table.
8. • Apart from patient education, a pharmacist may contribute towards
improving medication adherence by other means including advice to
prescribers on the simplification of drug regimens, providing patients with
medication cards or medication aids such as a dosette, and by identifying
the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors which may contribute
towards medication non-adherence.
•In hospitals, clinical pharmacists have many opportunities to assess
factors which may assist the patient’s medication adherence.
•Though patient interviews, the pharmacists can assess the patient’s
knowledge of their drug therapy and usual medication habits.
•For example, does the patient have a set of routine and is family support
available to supervise medication use?
•The pharmacist is also able to identify if the patient has any specific
problems with medication, such as a problem swallowing large tablets, or
difficulty opening child-proof containers.
9. • The pharmacists can also assess the patient’s ability to comprehend and
recall information, and if an adverse drug reaction may discourage
medication adherence.
Strategies to improve the pharmacist-patient relationship:
•Be friendly and approachable to the patient.
•Improve communication skills.
•Take into account the spiritual and psychological needs of the patient.
•Improving patient education.
•Encourage the patient to discuss there main concern without interruption
(or) pre mature closing.
•Elicit the patient perception of the illness and associated feelings and
expectations.
•Learning methods of active listening and empathy.
•Give clear explanation.
10. •Check the patient understanding.
•Simplify the therapeutic regimes.
•Monitor the side effects.
•Monitor the beneficial effects.
•Speak the same language of patient.
•Involvement of patient treatment discussion.
•Through the patient interviews the pharmacist can assist the patient
knowledge of their drug therapy and usual medication habits.
Example: Dose of patient has a set routine and his family support available
to supervise the medication use. The pharmacist has any specific problem
with the medication such as swallowing of a large tablets, difficulty of
opening child proof containers.
11. At the end of process the pharmacist should be able to determine the
patient’s own assessment of their adherence to medication and make a
professional assessment of the ways in which this can be improved.
For example, this may involve counseling for any specific problems with
medication and preparation of individualized medication information
sheets.
12. REFERENCE:
A text book of clinical pharmacy practice – 2nd edition.
Parthasarathi ; NY fort-hansen ; Nahata.