This document summarizes plant genetic resources. It discusses the historical origins of genetic resource conservation beginning in the late 19th century with de Candolle's work identifying crop origins. Vavilov furthered exploration and identified centers of crop diversity. Germplasm refers to the total genetic resources and alleles of a crop species. It is collected from landraces, obsolete varieties, wild relatives, and more. Genetic erosion is the loss of crop variability due to replacement of local varieties and habitat loss. Germplasm is conserved ex situ through seed banks and field gene banks or in situ by protecting natural habitats. Collections are categorized based on their use and storage conditions over different time periods from long to short term. Conserving diversity

1. PLANT GENETIC
RESOURCES .
SYED AADIL
SWAPNIL GITE
SAKSHI MADAVI
SANJANA DHANDE
RUSHIKESH KANIRE
BHARGAVI BORKAR
SHUBHAM MOHARE
PRATHAMESH WANKHADE
LATE R G DESHMUKH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE TIWSA, AMRAVATI
Submitted to:
Dr. Shilpa Bonde
Asst. Professor
Submitted by:

2. Content
● Introduction
● Historical Aspects
● Concept Of Plant Germplasm
● Kind Of Germplasm
● Genetic Erosion
● Germplasm Collection And Conservation
● Conclusion

3. Introduction
The genes required for crop improvements are present it different lines
varieties strain or population of the crop species and their relatives. Some
useful genes are contributed by wild relatives of crops.
The various lines strains populations of crop species and its related wild
species constitute the germplasm of the crops.

4. HISTORICAL ASPECTS
Sir Otto Frankel coined term Genetic resources in 1968.
1970 In USA initiating action to collect conserve evaluate and utilize the plant germplasm resources,
when southern corn leaf blight was outbroke.
Alphonse de candolle was the first botanist who attempt to locate the origin of crop plants. In 1882
he published a book “ Origin of cultivated plants.”
In 1926 Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov , the Russian geneticist and agronomist organized the worldwide
exploration for collecting the seed and propagating material of large number of cultivated crops., wild
and related species.
1951 Vavilov proposed eight centre of origin and three sub centre of different plant species.

5. CONCEPT OF PLANT GERMPLASM
The sum total of genes in a crop species is referred as to as genetic resources of gene pool Or
gene stock or germplasm.
In other word, gene pool refers to a whole library of different alleles of species.
Germplasm is the basic material with which a plant breeder has to initiate his breeding
programme.
It is the genetic wealth that a crop has acquired over millions of years of its existence under
natural condition or human cultivation and thus provides the raw material for further
improvement through natural or human interference .

6. KINDS OF GERMPLASM
Land Races
Obsolete varieties
Varieties in cultivation
Breeding lines
Special genetics stock
Wild form and wild relatives

7. GENETIC EROSION
Gradual loss of variability from cultivated species and their wild forms and wild relatives is
called genetic erosion.
Causes:
● Replacement of desi varieties
● Improve crop management practices
● Extended farming and grazing into forest
● Development activities
● Deliberate or accidental introduction of weedy species

8. TYPES OF GERMPLASM COLLECTION
The process of obtaining germplasm accessions for a germplasm collection is known as
germplasm collection.
● Exploration
● Procurement from other agencies

9. METHODS OF CONSERVATION
In Situ germplasm conservation:
Conservation of germplasm in its natural habitat or area where it grow naturally.
Ex Situ germplasm conservation:
Conservation of germplasm away from its natural habitat such as seed gene bank, plant or
Field gene bank, shoot tip gene bank, cell and organ gene bank, DNA gene bank.

10. GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS AND CONSERVATION
Based on the use and conservation seed collections are of three type.
TYPE
Base
Collection
Active
Collection
Working
Collection
PARTICULARS
It includes maximum number of
accessions available in a crop
Germplasm is actively utilized
in breeding programmes
These collections are
frequently utilized by breeders
in their CIP.
CONSERVATIO
N UPTO
Long term
50 years or more
Medium term
8-10 years
Short term
3-5 years
STORED AT
-18 to 20 C
Hermetically
sealed
0 C
5-10 C
MOISTURE CONTENT
5% moisture
>80% viability
8%
8-10%

11. CONCLUSION
The plant genetic resources are the key component of any agricultural production system ,
indeed of any ecosystem .
It ensure the genetic diversity is an essential if high level productivity are to be sustained.
For development to be sustainable, conservation and use of genetic diversity must be at its
core.
Because the world is dynamic ,this need for diversity continuous. The benefits that would
come from such conservation and sustainable use of PGR(plant genetic resources) would be
global ,and if these resources are not conserved everyone stands to lose .

12. THANK YOU