This study used remote sensing and GIS techniques to evaluate the impact of oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) access roads on landscape disturbance. The researchers analyzed four oil blocks in Ecuador to determine how controlled versus public access to E&P roads affected peripheral activities like logging, farming, and settlement. They found that blocks with public road access, like Block O, had much higher road densities and more landscape changes unrelated to E&P. Controlled access blocks had lower disturbance, showing that limiting access can help minimize impacts from peripheral activities accompanying E&P development. The analysis demonstrated how GIS metrics can quantify the relationship between infrastructure development and surface changes inside oil concessions.