Perspectives on prevention
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•433 views
Prevention in mental health aims to reduce mental disorders through three levels of intervention: Primary prevention targets the general population to establish healthy conditions before issues arise. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and response for at-risk groups. Tertiary prevention addresses long-term consequences through targeted intervention for high-risk individuals. Effective prevention utilizes universal, selective, and indicated approaches depending on the population and goals.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Biopsychosocial Models
The document discusses models of health psychology, focusing on the biopsychosocial model. The biopsychosocial model views health and illness as influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. It was first proposed by George Engel in 1977 as an alternative to purely biomedical models. The model examines the interconnections between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors in topics like health, disease, and human development. Strengths include improved patient outcomes, while limitations include being time-consuming and lacking a strong theoretical basis.
THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL OF HEALTH
The biomedical model views mental disorders as biological diseases caused by abnormalities in the brain. It assumes that diseases can be fully explained by deviations from biological norms, leaving no room for social, psychological or behavioral factors. The core tenets are that mental disorders are caused by biological abnormalities in the brain, there is no distinction between mental and physical diseases, and biological treatment is emphasized. Critics argue that this model is too reductionistic and neglects the influence of other important factors like social, cultural and environmental influences on mental health.
Client centered therapy
Client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy, was developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s-1950s. It is a nondirective approach where the client takes an active role in treatment and the therapist provides empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. The goal is to help clients resolve incongruences and fully accept themselves so they can better understand and express their feelings, lower defensiveness, and develop more positive relationships. The therapist listens without judgment and helps the client gain self-awareness and autonomy through the therapeutic process.
Historical background health psychology lecture
This document provides an overview of health psychology. It defines health psychology as a field that deals with psychological and behavioral factors that influence health and well-being. The document then discusses the history of health psychology, including early perspectives on health from ancient cultures and the emergence of the biomedical and biopsychosocial models. It also outlines the scope of health psychology, including clinical, public, community, and critical health psychology approaches.
Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change Model)
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) speaks on suggested strategies for public health interventions to address people at various stages of the decision-making process. Acknowledgements of this and other behavioural change models will resulting in social marketing campaigns being implemented as they're tailored to suit the target audience.
Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope
Health psychology refers to understanding how psychological factors influence physical health and illness. It aims to promote health and wellness, prevent disease, and improve the healthcare system. The field focuses on how the mind and body interact across the lifespan, and seeks to manage chronic conditions, treat psychophysical disorders, and provide support for patients dealing with medical procedures and symptoms.
Research methods in health psychology
1) There are two basic types of experimental research designs: randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard as randomization makes treatment groups comparable.
2) There are four main types of observational studies: cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional surveys, and case reports. Cohort studies follow groups over time from exposure to outcome while case-control studies work backwards from an outcome to exposures.
3) Experimental and observational studies both have strengths and weaknesses for evaluating causes and effects in health research. The strongest evidence comes from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple studies.
Recommended
Biopsychosocial Models
The document discusses models of health psychology, focusing on the biopsychosocial model. The biopsychosocial model views health and illness as influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. It was first proposed by George Engel in 1977 as an alternative to purely biomedical models. The model examines the interconnections between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors in topics like health, disease, and human development. Strengths include improved patient outcomes, while limitations include being time-consuming and lacking a strong theoretical basis.
THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL OF HEALTH
The biomedical model views mental disorders as biological diseases caused by abnormalities in the brain. It assumes that diseases can be fully explained by deviations from biological norms, leaving no room for social, psychological or behavioral factors. The core tenets are that mental disorders are caused by biological abnormalities in the brain, there is no distinction between mental and physical diseases, and biological treatment is emphasized. Critics argue that this model is too reductionistic and neglects the influence of other important factors like social, cultural and environmental influences on mental health.
Client centered therapy
Client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy, was developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s-1950s. It is a nondirective approach where the client takes an active role in treatment and the therapist provides empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. The goal is to help clients resolve incongruences and fully accept themselves so they can better understand and express their feelings, lower defensiveness, and develop more positive relationships. The therapist listens without judgment and helps the client gain self-awareness and autonomy through the therapeutic process.
Historical background health psychology lecture
This document provides an overview of health psychology. It defines health psychology as a field that deals with psychological and behavioral factors that influence health and well-being. The document then discusses the history of health psychology, including early perspectives on health from ancient cultures and the emergence of the biomedical and biopsychosocial models. It also outlines the scope of health psychology, including clinical, public, community, and critical health psychology approaches.
Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change Model)
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) speaks on suggested strategies for public health interventions to address people at various stages of the decision-making process. Acknowledgements of this and other behavioural change models will resulting in social marketing campaigns being implemented as they're tailored to suit the target audience.
Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope
Health psychology refers to understanding how psychological factors influence physical health and illness. It aims to promote health and wellness, prevent disease, and improve the healthcare system. The field focuses on how the mind and body interact across the lifespan, and seeks to manage chronic conditions, treat psychophysical disorders, and provide support for patients dealing with medical procedures and symptoms.
Research methods in health psychology
1) There are two basic types of experimental research designs: randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard as randomization makes treatment groups comparable.
2) There are four main types of observational studies: cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional surveys, and case reports. Cohort studies follow groups over time from exposure to outcome while case-control studies work backwards from an outcome to exposures.
3) Experimental and observational studies both have strengths and weaknesses for evaluating causes and effects in health research. The strongest evidence comes from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple studies.
Culture bound syndromes
Culture bound syndrome, culture related specific disorders, culture specific disorders/ syndromes, exotic psychiatric syndromes or Rare atypical unclassifiable disorders.
Indian psychology
The document discusses several aspects of Indian psychology from ancient Indian thought. It describes theories from Indian scriptures on perception, motivation, cognition and consciousness. It discusses four motives that are similar to Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha. Buddhism identified six personality types. It also discusses the Triguna theory from Samkya, the four methods of yoga psychology, and key concepts of Buddhism like the four noble truths and achieving Nirvana through desirelessness.
Brief Psychotherapy
Brief therapy, sometimes also referred to as short term therapy (usually 10 to 20 sessions) , is a generic label for any form of therapy in which time is an explicit element in treatment planning.
Clinical psychology
This ppt basically fulfills the need of undergraduate students studying clinical psychology as an introductory chapter.
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
Health psychology deals with how biological, psychological, behavioral, social, and cultural factors influence health and illness. It examines how health and behaviors are linked, such as how smoking and overeating can lead to diseases like cancer and heart disease. Health psychology also studies how stress, personality traits, social support systems, and coping behaviors impact physical health. The goal is to understand health from multiple perspectives and apply psychological principles to improve well-being and healthcare.
1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment
This document provides an introduction to psychological assessment. It defines key terms like test, item, and psychological test. It describes the main types of tests as ability, achievement, aptitude, intelligence, and personality tests. Personality tests can be structured or projective. The document distinguishes between psychological testing and assessment. It outlines the different levels of qualifications needed to administer different types of tests. Finally, it provides a brief history of psychological, educational, clinical, occupational, and scientific uses of psychological testing.
Dsm 5 and dsm history and changings
This document provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It discusses the purposes of psychiatric diagnosis, two diagnostic approaches (descriptive and psychological), dimensions of diagnosis (categorical vs dimensional; monothetic vs polythetic), historical versions of the DSM, innovations in DSM-III, changes in DSM-5 structure, and considerations of culture in diagnosis. The document serves to introduce clinicians to the classification and organization of mental disorders in the DSM-5.
Icd dsm
The document provides information on two major classification systems for mental disorders:
1. The ICD (International Classification of Diseases) published by the WHO is used globally to classify all diseases and injuries. Chapter V covers mental disorders. ICD-10 is currently in use.
2. The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) published by the APA is used primarily in the US to classify mental disorders. The latest version is DSM-5.
While both systems aim to standardize diagnosis, the ICD has broader scope and global use while the DSM is used more by US psychiatrists. Recent editions have increased alignment between the two classifications.
Donald Meichenbaum Cognitive Behavior Modification
This document discusses Donald Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification approach. It focuses on changing a client's self-talk by teaching them to observe their behaviors, start a new internal dialogue with more adaptive alternatives, and learn effective coping skills. Meichenbaum's approach involves helping clients examine anxiety-provoking thoughts by reevaluating self-statements and applying coping techniques to stressful situations through role playing and imagery exercises.
Introduction Psychopathology
This document provides an overview of psychopathology and the history of defining mental health and illness. It discusses how abnormal behavior and psychology have been defined. Throughout history, mental illness was often attributed to supernatural causes like demon possession. Hippocrates first proposed a biological explanation for abnormal behaviors and thinking. The rise of hospitals and more humane treatment methods occurred in the 18th-19th centuries. Defining mental health and illness remains difficult due to variability between individuals and cultures. Studying psychopathology is important for various mental health professionals to better understand and treat disorders.
Nature and scope of social psychology lecture 2
This document provides an overview of the nature and scope of social psychology. It discusses how social psychology examines social situational influences on individual psychology and behavior, as well as the mutual influence between individuals and situations. The scope of social psychology can be expansive, as it considers the influence of real or imagined others, as well as broader ecological and cultural factors. While related to sociology, social psychology focuses primarily on measuring psychological responses at the individual level through experimental methods. It also differentiates itself from personality psychology by emphasizing how situations and subjective perceptions shape outcomes more than stable personality traits.
Culture bound syndrome
Various culture bound syndromes in psychiatry like dhat , koro , amok etc. Also description of management guidelines for culture bound syndromes.
Health Psychology
The document discusses health psychology, which is the study of how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors influence physical health and illness. The goals of health psychology include preventing illness, promoting good health, helping with treatment of illness, and investigating the psychological correlates of illness. Health psychologists are specially trained to help people deal with the psychological and emotional aspects of health and illness. They promote healthier lifestyles and ways to encourage people to improve their health, such as stress management programs. Health psychology provides an understanding of the connection between mind and body in health and illness.
Chapter 14 Application of Social Psychology
This document discusses the application of social psychology principles to various fields. It describes how social psychology can be applied to health psychology to understand health behaviors and develop intervention strategies. It also discusses several models used in health psychology, including the health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and stages of change model. The document notes social psychology can provide perspectives on chronic illness and contribute to improving healthcare systems. It also outlines how industrial and organizational psychology examines human behavior in workplace settings using psychological theories, focusing on topics like motivation and social perception.
Features of psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is a treatment approach for mental illnesses and disorders of behavior and mind. It involves talking therapies where a trained practitioner supports clients to modify their cognitions, emotions, and behaviors in desirable ways. Some key features of psychotherapy are that it provides a nonjudgmental and supportive environment for clients to discuss problems, explores more satisfactory ways of living, aims to facilitate effective and lasting changes, and involves interactions between the therapist and client that connect psychological theories to help improve client functioning.
Feminist therapy
Feminist Therapy
Introduction
Feminist therapy puts gender and power at the core of the therapeutic process. It is built on the premise that it is essential to consider the social and cultural context that contributes to a person’s problems in order to understand that person.
Comparison of Approaches
This document discusses various methods of comparing approaches to human development and behavior. It outlines 5 key comparisons: 1) views on development, 2) nature vs nurture, 3) reductionism vs holism, 4) determinism vs free will, and 5) idiographic vs nomothetic. For each comparison, different psychological approaches are discussed in terms of where they fall on the spectrum being compared. The document also discusses eclectic approaches that combine elements from various perspectives, such as the diathesis stress model and biosocial approach.
Behavioral assessment - Clinical Psychology
Behavioral assessment focuses on interactions between behavior and environmental situations to effect change. It emphasizes direct observation of problematic behaviors, antecedents, and consequences to understand context and causes. The SORC model conceptualizes problems in terms of Stimulus, Organism, Response, and Consequence. Behavioral assessment methods include interviews, observations in natural and controlled settings using tools like checklists, self-monitoring, and role-playing. Reliability and validity depend on factors like behavior complexity, observer training, content and construct validity, and reactivity.
What is DBT?
DBT is a therapy model that uses skills training and a strong therapeutic relationship to help clients manage emotions and behaviors. It was originally developed for borderline personality disorder but is now used for various conditions. DBT combines individual therapy, skills training groups, therapist consultation meetings, and self-monitoring. Research shows DBT reduces self-harm, psychiatric hospitalization, and improves functioning compared to treatment as usual. DBT has been adapted for different populations and settings. It requires commitment from both clients and therapists to achieve positive outcomes.
LEVELS OF PREVENTION.pptx
DEFINITION
“Actions directed to preventing illness and promoting health to reduce the need for secondary or tertiary health care.
Mosby’s Medical dictionary, 8th edition, 2009
“The action of stopping something from happening or arising”.
Oxford English Dictionary. Lexico 2020
GOALS OF PREVENTION
To promote health
To preserve health
To restore health when it is impaired
To minimize suffering and distress
Successful prevention depends upon:
a knowledge of causation
dynamics of transmission
identification of risk factors and risk groups
availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment measures,
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
1) Primordial Prevention
2) Primary Prevention
3) Secondary Prevention
4) Tertiary Prevention
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
It is the prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.
Main intervention is through individual and mass education.
Eg: Efforts directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
“Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur.”
Intervention is in the pre- pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem.
The WHO has recommended the following approaches for the primary prevention of chronic diseases where the risk factors are established: –
A) Population (mass) strategy
B) High -risk strategy
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Definition
“ An Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.”
Modes of intervention – Early Diagnosis and Specific treatment
The health programmes initiated by governments are usually at the level of secondary prevention.
Advantages:
Important in reducing the high mortality and morbidity of certain diseases like hypertension, cancer cervix and breast cancer.
Disadvantages:
More expensive and less effective than primary prevention.
Patient is already subjected to mental anguish, physical pain;
TERTIARY PREVENTION
It is defined as “all the measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions”.
It is the intervention in the late pathogenesis phase.
Treatment, even in late stages of disease, may prevent sequelae and limit disability.
Modes of Intervention - Disability limitation and Rehabilitation.
MODES OF INTERVENTION
“Intervention” can be defined as any attempt to intervene or interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease in man.
5 modes of intervention
1. Health promotion
2. Specific protection
3. Early Diagnosis and treatment
4. Disability limitation
5.Rehabilitation
CONCLUSION
To initiate preventive measures it is not necessary to know everything about natural history of the disease.
Main objective of preventive medicine - to intercept or oppose the “cause” and thereby the disease process
Concept of DPC new.pptx
This document discusses concepts of disease prevention and control. It defines different levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention. It explains how each level corresponds to different stages of disease development and provides examples. It also discusses approaches to disease control, including surveillance, detection, treatment and control measures. The key aspects of disease control, elimination, eradication and extinction are defined.
More Related Content
What's hot
Culture bound syndromes
Culture bound syndrome, culture related specific disorders, culture specific disorders/ syndromes, exotic psychiatric syndromes or Rare atypical unclassifiable disorders.
Indian psychology
The document discusses several aspects of Indian psychology from ancient Indian thought. It describes theories from Indian scriptures on perception, motivation, cognition and consciousness. It discusses four motives that are similar to Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha. Buddhism identified six personality types. It also discusses the Triguna theory from Samkya, the four methods of yoga psychology, and key concepts of Buddhism like the four noble truths and achieving Nirvana through desirelessness.
Brief Psychotherapy
Brief therapy, sometimes also referred to as short term therapy (usually 10 to 20 sessions) , is a generic label for any form of therapy in which time is an explicit element in treatment planning.
Clinical psychology
This ppt basically fulfills the need of undergraduate students studying clinical psychology as an introductory chapter.
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
Health psychology deals with how biological, psychological, behavioral, social, and cultural factors influence health and illness. It examines how health and behaviors are linked, such as how smoking and overeating can lead to diseases like cancer and heart disease. Health psychology also studies how stress, personality traits, social support systems, and coping behaviors impact physical health. The goal is to understand health from multiple perspectives and apply psychological principles to improve well-being and healthcare.
1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment
This document provides an introduction to psychological assessment. It defines key terms like test, item, and psychological test. It describes the main types of tests as ability, achievement, aptitude, intelligence, and personality tests. Personality tests can be structured or projective. The document distinguishes between psychological testing and assessment. It outlines the different levels of qualifications needed to administer different types of tests. Finally, it provides a brief history of psychological, educational, clinical, occupational, and scientific uses of psychological testing.
Dsm 5 and dsm history and changings
This document provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It discusses the purposes of psychiatric diagnosis, two diagnostic approaches (descriptive and psychological), dimensions of diagnosis (categorical vs dimensional; monothetic vs polythetic), historical versions of the DSM, innovations in DSM-III, changes in DSM-5 structure, and considerations of culture in diagnosis. The document serves to introduce clinicians to the classification and organization of mental disorders in the DSM-5.
Icd dsm
The document provides information on two major classification systems for mental disorders:
1. The ICD (International Classification of Diseases) published by the WHO is used globally to classify all diseases and injuries. Chapter V covers mental disorders. ICD-10 is currently in use.
2. The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) published by the APA is used primarily in the US to classify mental disorders. The latest version is DSM-5.
While both systems aim to standardize diagnosis, the ICD has broader scope and global use while the DSM is used more by US psychiatrists. Recent editions have increased alignment between the two classifications.
Donald Meichenbaum Cognitive Behavior Modification
This document discusses Donald Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification approach. It focuses on changing a client's self-talk by teaching them to observe their behaviors, start a new internal dialogue with more adaptive alternatives, and learn effective coping skills. Meichenbaum's approach involves helping clients examine anxiety-provoking thoughts by reevaluating self-statements and applying coping techniques to stressful situations through role playing and imagery exercises.
Introduction Psychopathology
This document provides an overview of psychopathology and the history of defining mental health and illness. It discusses how abnormal behavior and psychology have been defined. Throughout history, mental illness was often attributed to supernatural causes like demon possession. Hippocrates first proposed a biological explanation for abnormal behaviors and thinking. The rise of hospitals and more humane treatment methods occurred in the 18th-19th centuries. Defining mental health and illness remains difficult due to variability between individuals and cultures. Studying psychopathology is important for various mental health professionals to better understand and treat disorders.
Nature and scope of social psychology lecture 2
This document provides an overview of the nature and scope of social psychology. It discusses how social psychology examines social situational influences on individual psychology and behavior, as well as the mutual influence between individuals and situations. The scope of social psychology can be expansive, as it considers the influence of real or imagined others, as well as broader ecological and cultural factors. While related to sociology, social psychology focuses primarily on measuring psychological responses at the individual level through experimental methods. It also differentiates itself from personality psychology by emphasizing how situations and subjective perceptions shape outcomes more than stable personality traits.
Culture bound syndrome
Various culture bound syndromes in psychiatry like dhat , koro , amok etc. Also description of management guidelines for culture bound syndromes.
Health Psychology
The document discusses health psychology, which is the study of how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors influence physical health and illness. The goals of health psychology include preventing illness, promoting good health, helping with treatment of illness, and investigating the psychological correlates of illness. Health psychologists are specially trained to help people deal with the psychological and emotional aspects of health and illness. They promote healthier lifestyles and ways to encourage people to improve their health, such as stress management programs. Health psychology provides an understanding of the connection between mind and body in health and illness.
Chapter 14 Application of Social Psychology
This document discusses the application of social psychology principles to various fields. It describes how social psychology can be applied to health psychology to understand health behaviors and develop intervention strategies. It also discusses several models used in health psychology, including the health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and stages of change model. The document notes social psychology can provide perspectives on chronic illness and contribute to improving healthcare systems. It also outlines how industrial and organizational psychology examines human behavior in workplace settings using psychological theories, focusing on topics like motivation and social perception.
Features of psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is a treatment approach for mental illnesses and disorders of behavior and mind. It involves talking therapies where a trained practitioner supports clients to modify their cognitions, emotions, and behaviors in desirable ways. Some key features of psychotherapy are that it provides a nonjudgmental and supportive environment for clients to discuss problems, explores more satisfactory ways of living, aims to facilitate effective and lasting changes, and involves interactions between the therapist and client that connect psychological theories to help improve client functioning.
Feminist therapy
Feminist Therapy
Introduction
Feminist therapy puts gender and power at the core of the therapeutic process. It is built on the premise that it is essential to consider the social and cultural context that contributes to a person’s problems in order to understand that person.
Comparison of Approaches
This document discusses various methods of comparing approaches to human development and behavior. It outlines 5 key comparisons: 1) views on development, 2) nature vs nurture, 3) reductionism vs holism, 4) determinism vs free will, and 5) idiographic vs nomothetic. For each comparison, different psychological approaches are discussed in terms of where they fall on the spectrum being compared. The document also discusses eclectic approaches that combine elements from various perspectives, such as the diathesis stress model and biosocial approach.
Behavioral assessment - Clinical Psychology
Behavioral assessment focuses on interactions between behavior and environmental situations to effect change. It emphasizes direct observation of problematic behaviors, antecedents, and consequences to understand context and causes. The SORC model conceptualizes problems in terms of Stimulus, Organism, Response, and Consequence. Behavioral assessment methods include interviews, observations in natural and controlled settings using tools like checklists, self-monitoring, and role-playing. Reliability and validity depend on factors like behavior complexity, observer training, content and construct validity, and reactivity.
What is DBT?
DBT is a therapy model that uses skills training and a strong therapeutic relationship to help clients manage emotions and behaviors. It was originally developed for borderline personality disorder but is now used for various conditions. DBT combines individual therapy, skills training groups, therapist consultation meetings, and self-monitoring. Research shows DBT reduces self-harm, psychiatric hospitalization, and improves functioning compared to treatment as usual. DBT has been adapted for different populations and settings. It requires commitment from both clients and therapists to achieve positive outcomes.
What's hot (20)
Donald Meichenbaum Cognitive Behavior Modification
Donald Meichenbaum Cognitive Behavior Modification
Similar to Perspectives on prevention
LEVELS OF PREVENTION.pptx
DEFINITION
“Actions directed to preventing illness and promoting health to reduce the need for secondary or tertiary health care.
Mosby’s Medical dictionary, 8th edition, 2009
“The action of stopping something from happening or arising”.
Oxford English Dictionary. Lexico 2020
GOALS OF PREVENTION
To promote health
To preserve health
To restore health when it is impaired
To minimize suffering and distress
Successful prevention depends upon:
a knowledge of causation
dynamics of transmission
identification of risk factors and risk groups
availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment measures,
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
1) Primordial Prevention
2) Primary Prevention
3) Secondary Prevention
4) Tertiary Prevention
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
It is the prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.
Main intervention is through individual and mass education.
Eg: Efforts directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
“Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur.”
Intervention is in the pre- pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem.
The WHO has recommended the following approaches for the primary prevention of chronic diseases where the risk factors are established: –
A) Population (mass) strategy
B) High -risk strategy
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Definition
“ An Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.”
Modes of intervention – Early Diagnosis and Specific treatment
The health programmes initiated by governments are usually at the level of secondary prevention.
Advantages:
Important in reducing the high mortality and morbidity of certain diseases like hypertension, cancer cervix and breast cancer.
Disadvantages:
More expensive and less effective than primary prevention.
Patient is already subjected to mental anguish, physical pain;
TERTIARY PREVENTION
It is defined as “all the measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions”.
It is the intervention in the late pathogenesis phase.
Treatment, even in late stages of disease, may prevent sequelae and limit disability.
Modes of Intervention - Disability limitation and Rehabilitation.
MODES OF INTERVENTION
“Intervention” can be defined as any attempt to intervene or interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease in man.
5 modes of intervention
1. Health promotion
2. Specific protection
3. Early Diagnosis and treatment
4. Disability limitation
5.Rehabilitation
CONCLUSION
To initiate preventive measures it is not necessary to know everything about natural history of the disease.
Main objective of preventive medicine - to intercept or oppose the “cause” and thereby the disease process
Concept of DPC new.pptx
This document discusses concepts of disease prevention and control. It defines different levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention. It explains how each level corresponds to different stages of disease development and provides examples. It also discusses approaches to disease control, including surveillance, detection, treatment and control measures. The key aspects of disease control, elimination, eradication and extinction are defined.
Behaviour Change Communication.pptx
This document discusses the evolution of behavior change communication (BCC) and various theories and models used in BCC. It traces how the concept developed from health education to information, education, and communication to the current definition of BCC as an interactive process to develop tailored messages and approaches to promote positive behavior change. Several individual and group level behavior change theories are explained, including the health belief model, theory of planned behavior, transtheoretical model, diffusion of innovation theory, and social cognitive theory. The document also discusses newer approaches like positive deviance and trials of improved practices. Finally, it briefly outlines how different BCC theories can be applied at various levels to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
level of prevention.pptx
level of prevention
primary prevention
primordial prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
sociology3healthbehaviour-190406154029.pdf
This document provides an overview of human health behavior by Prof. Dr. Mona Aboserea from Zagazig University. It defines behavior and discusses the types of health behaviors including health-directed, health-related, preventive, sick role, and illness behaviors. It also examines factors that affect illness behavior and models of behavior change including the health belief model, social learning theory, theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and stages of change model.
Sociology 3 health behaviour
The document discusses several key concepts relating to human health behavior:
1. It defines behavior as the response of an organism to various stimuli, whether internal or external. It also defines different types of health behaviors.
2. It discusses several influential models of health behavior change, including the Health Belief Model, Social Learning/Cognitive Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action, and Stages of Change Model.
3. It examines factors that influence individuals' health behaviors and compliance/non-compliance with medical advice, as well as the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior regarding health issues.
Disses eprevantion
This document discusses prevention and disease control in public health. It begins by defining determinants of health and outlining factors like genetics, lifestyle, environment, and social conditions that influence health. It then defines different levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary prevention. Finally, it discusses concepts of disease control, including strategies like control, elimination, eradication, and extinction, and the role of surveillance in disease control efforts.
HE chapter 2.pdf
Behavior- is an action that has specific
frequency, duration, and purpose, weather
conscious or unconscious. It is both the act
and the way we act.
Models of health and illness
You can read more about some the models of health and illness. by having any query please contact my via the addresses included their.
The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels, tradition...
Concept of control:
The term disease control describes ongoing operations aimed at reducing:
The incidence of disease
The duration of disease and consequently the risk of transmission
The effects of infection, including both the physical and psychosocial complications
The financial burden to the community.
Preventive psychiatric
Preventive psychiatry is the prevention of mental illness through primary,secondary and tertiary prevention.
health and wellness fundamental of nursing full chapter
Concept of health and wellness, dimensions of health,and models of health and wellness,health illness continuum model, factors influencing of health,risk factor of influencing health ,level of disease prevention,illness and illness behaviour ,impact of illness on family and patient ,health care agency , hospital classification of hospital,health care team, national health policy 2017.in fundamental of nursing full chapter
Program Overview
The Life Science Addiction Treatment Center is a private residential facility that offers short, moderate, and long-term inpatient treatment for adults struggling with alcohol and/or drug addiction. Its mission is to provide evidence-based treatment in a professional and affordable manner using a personalized approach. The treatment program utilizes principles from cognitive behavioral therapy and other therapeutic models. It offers a variety of group and individual therapy sessions, educational workshops, recreational activities, and medical and psychiatric support to help clients develop coping skills and achieve rehabilitation and wellness goals. The facility is located in a serene natural setting near Montreal, Quebec and employs a multidisciplinary clinical team.
Natural History of Disease.ppt
This document discusses the natural history of disease and levels of prevention. It begins by defining primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from emerging, while primary prevention targets entire populations and high-risk groups to prevent disease onset. Secondary prevention uses early detection and treatment to stop disease progression. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and limiting disability for late-stage disease. The document also discusses screening criteria and evaluating test performance using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values from a 2x2 table. Understanding disease progression and targeting appropriate prevention levels and screening strategies are essential for promoting health.
Prevention Levels to Control Disease
This document discusses different levels of disease prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary prevention. It defines each level and provides examples of interventions used. Primordial prevention aims to establish conditions that minimize health hazards through measures to inhibit risk factors. Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease through health promotion, immunizations, and reducing environmental risks. Secondary prevention uses early diagnosis and treatment to halt disease progression and complications. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce impairments and disabilities through rehabilitation when disease has advanced.
Levelofprevention 150801132726-lva1-app6892 (2)
1. Prevention is categorized into primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels based on the stage of disease.
2. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing through social and environmental changes like education programs. Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease through health promotion and protection.
3. Secondary prevention detects and treats disease at early, reversible stages through screening and adequate treatment to prevent complications. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and disability limitation for irreversible conditions.
management of patient at risk of suicide
This document provides guidelines for managing patients at risk of suicide. It recommends forming a risk assessment and care plan after evaluating the patient. The care plan should aim to prevent self-harm and improve mental health and functioning. It should include short and long-term goals agreed upon with the patient, as well as a risk management and crisis plan. Treatment options may include medication, counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy. High-risk patients require 24-hour support from a crisis team and possible detention under mental health laws if they refuse help.
Unit 2 ch by sn
This document discusses several models for health maintenance and disease prevention, including ecological models, the health belief model, relapse prevention model, stages of change model, social cognitive theory, and theory of planned behavior. It provides details on key concepts and components of each model. Additionally, it covers strategies for facilitating dietary change and assessing and treating pain.
What works in prevention: education and awareness
This document discusses prevention of problematic substance use. It defines prevention as efforts to prevent harmful patterns of substance use at any level, from preventing onset to reducing harm for those with existing issues. Effective prevention requires education and awareness plus broader collaborative approaches. Key evidence shows that information alone does not work and that prevention must address individual, social, and environmental risk and protective factors through multi-level interventions. Professionals are advised to understand what approaches have evidence, what does not work, and to focus on potential harms rather than substance use alone.
FUNDAMENTAL NURSING PRACTICE NCM 103 LECTURE
This document provides an overview of a fundamentals of nursing practice course. The 3-credit lecture and 2-credit clinical course introduces nursing concepts and basic nursing skills. It covers concepts of holistic care for individuals, health promotion, and the nursing process. The course objectives are to learn nursing concepts and theories, introduce concepts of patient needs and safety, and demonstrate competency in basic nursing skills. Grading is based on quizzes, assignments, presentations, and exams. Early lessons cover concepts of humanity, health, illness, and factors influencing health. Models of health and wellness are also discussed.
Similar to Perspectives on prevention (20)
The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels, tradition...
The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels, tradition...
health and wellness fundamental of nursing full chapter
health and wellness fundamental of nursing full chapter
Recently uploaded
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcPCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Recently uploaded (20)
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Perspectives on prevention
- 1. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY PERSPECTIVES ON PREVENTION SUBMITTED BY – BLESY BABU ROLL NO. – D18PY010
- 2. What is prevention? • Prevention in mental health aims to reduce the incidence, prevalence, and recurrence of mental health disorders and their associated disability. • Preventive interventions are based on modifying risk exposure and strengthening the coping mechanisms of the individual.
- 3. Types of prevention Types Primary Before disease or injury occurs Secondary Detection of early diseases / immediate response Tertiary Long term – lasting consequences
- 4. Perspectives on prevention • Universal intervention – entire population • Selective interaction – one or more targeted sub-groups. • Indicated intervention – high risk individuals
- 5. UNIVERSAL INTERVENTIONS 2 key factors – 1. Alters condition 2. Establish conditions It includes- Biological strategies – adaptive life-style Psycho-social strategies - psychological & social components. Problem solving Accurate frame of reference Preparedness of the upcoming problems. Sociocultural strategies - society and cultures
- 6. Selective interventions Can change but takes times Efforts – small segment – effective result U.S. Witnessed a decreases in adolescence substance use . They approached the problem with – 3 strategies :- 1. Intercepting or reducing the supply of drugs available. 2. Providing treatment services for those who develop drug problem. 3. Encouraging prevention
- 7. Types 1. School based 2. Intervention program for high risk teens 3. Parents education and family intervention programs 4. Comprehensive prevention strategies Selective Intervention
- 8. Indicated interventions • Target on high risk individuals.
Editor's Notes
- Incidence – rate at which new cases occur in a population during a specific period. Prevalence – no. of active cases in a population during any given period of time.