The document discusses different theories of personality. It defines personality as how a person affects others and views themselves, including traits and interactions with situations. It describes factors like biology, family, interests, and situations that influence personality. It then explains three theories of personality development: 1) Freud's psychosexual theory which sees personality developing through stages centered around different erogenous zones, from oral to genital. 2) Erikson's psychosocial theory which critiques Freud's biological focus and emphasizes social factors. It outlines eight stages from infancy to maturity centered around developing trust, autonomy, identity and intimacy. 3) Argyris's theory of maturity which views personality developing along a continuum from infant immaturity to

1. PERSONALITY

2. WHAT
WHAT
Y
T
I
Personality word is derived from the Latin word persona
Personality word is derived from the Latin word persona
which means to speak through.
which means to speak through.
L
A
Fred Luthan says – Personality mean how a person
Fred Luthan says – Personality mean how a person
affects other and how he understands and views himself
affects other and how he understands and views himself
N
as well as the other pattern of inner and outer
as well as the other pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and the person-situation interaction.
O
measurable traits and the person-situation interaction.
S
Personality represent the “whole person”, includes
Personality represent the “whole person”, includes
perception, learning, motivation.
R
perception, learning, motivation.
E
P

3. Determinants
Determinants
Y
Biological Factors ::
Biological Factors
-Heredity – from ancestor to descendant
T
-Heredity – from ancestor to descendant
-Brain – Right brain and left brain imapct on individual
-Brain – Right brain and left brain imapct on individual
I
-Physical feature – External appearance
-Physical feature – External appearance
L
Family and Social Factors ::
Family and Social Factors
A
Influenced by his family and social group
Influenced by his family and social group
N
Situational factor ::
Situational factor
O
Personality may often change in different situation
Personality may often change in different situation
S
Other factors ::
Other factors
Interest – Having various and different taste makes personality
Interest – Having various and different taste makes personality
R
Character – Primarily means honesty. Esstential to study both
Character – Primarily means honesty. Esstential to study both
situation and individual for analysing behaviour.
E
situation and individual for analysing behaviour.
P

4. Development
Development
Y
T
I
1-PSYCHO SEXUAL THEORY (FREUD THEORY)
L
1-PSYCHO SEXUAL THEORY (FREUD THEORY)
A
2-PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF ERIC ((ERIKSON THEORY)
2-PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF ERIC ERIKSON THEORY)
N
3-CHRIS ARGYRIS IMMATURITY ((MATURITY THEORY)
3-CHRIS ARGYRIS IMMATURITY MATURITY THEORY)
O
S
R
E
P

5. 1-PSYCHO SEXUAL THEORY (FREUD THEORY)
1-PSYCHO SEXUAL THEORY (FREUD THEORY)
Y
This theory is based on notion that man is motivated by an unseen
This theory is based on notion that man is motivated by an unseen
forces that by conscious and rational thought.
T
forces that by conscious and rational thought.
I
It has 33aspect : :ID (pleasure principle), EGO (reality principle), SUPER
It has aspect ID (pleasure principle), EGO (reality principle), SUPER
EGO (societal and personal norm)
EGO (societal and personal norm)
L
There are 44universal stages of psycho sexual development which are
A
There are universal stages of psycho sexual development which are
decisive in the formation of personality ––
decisive in the formation of personality
N
ORAL (first year of life),
ORAL (first year of life),
O
ANAL (second to third year focus on libidinal energy shift from mouth
ANAL (second to third year focus on libidinal energy shift from mouth
to anal region),
S
to anal region),
R
PHALLIC (focus on sexual gratification shifts to another erogenous
PHALLIC (focus on sexual gratification shifts to another erogenous
body zone) and
body zone) and
E
GENITAL (adult hood, interest in the opposite sex)
GENITAL (adult hood, interest in the opposite sex)
P

6. Conscious
Contact with
outside
world
Y
Preconscious
Material just
T
beneath surface
of awareness Ego
Reality principle
Secondary
I
process thinking
Unconscious Superego
L
Well below Moral
surface imperative
s Ideals
of awareness;
A
difficult to
retrieve Id
Pleasure
N
principle
Primary process Primary
thinking process
Life thinking
O
and death Reality
instincts principle Ego Ideal
Libido
S
Id Ego Superego
R
Sexual, Pleasure The conscience
aggressive principle
E
urges
The executive
The selfish
P
beast

7. 2-PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF ERIC ((ERIKSON THEORY)
2-PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF ERIC ERIKSON THEORY)
Y
Erikson criticized on the sexual and biological factors in the
Erikson criticized on the sexual and biological factors in the
T
developing personality given by freud.
developing personality given by freud.
I
He emphasized more on social factor and gave 8 stages
He emphasized more on social factor and gave 8 stages
L
A
Infancy – 1st yrs --trust vs mistrust
Infancy – 1st yrs trust vs mistrust
Early childhood – 2-3 yrs sense of autonomy
Early childhood – 2-3 yrs sense of autonomy
N
Play Age – 4-6 yrs – creative & imaginative abilities dev
Play Age – 4-6 yrs – creative & imaginative abilities dev
School Age – 6-12 yrs – may learn new skills / /inferiority
O
School Age – 6-12 yrs – may learn new skills inferiority
Adolescence – sense of identity
Adolescence – sense of identity
S
Young Adulthood – 20’s intimacy vs isolation
Young Adulthood – 20’s intimacy vs isolation
Adult hood – crises of generatively vs self absorption
R
Adult hood – crises of generatively vs self absorption
Mature hood – sense of wisdom
Mature hood – sense of wisdom
E
P

8. 3-CHRIS ARGYRIS IMMATURITY ((MATURITY THEORY)
3-CHRIS ARGYRIS IMMATURITY MATURITY THEORY)
Y
T
Personality of an individual develops along a continuum
Personality of an individual develops along a continuum
from immaturity as an infant to maturity as an adult.
from immaturity as an infant to maturity as an adult.
I
Based upon latent characteristics
Based upon latent characteristics
L
Identified 7 characteristics
A
Identified 7 characteristics
Passive – Active
Passive – Active
N
Dependence – Independence
Dependence – Independence
Free way of behaving – Diverse behaviour
O
Free way of behaving – Diverse behaviour
Shallow Interest – Deep Interest
Shallow Interest – Deep Interest
S
Short perspective – Long perspective
Short perspective – Long perspective
R
Subordinate position – Superordinate position
Subordinate position – Superordinate position
Lack of self awareness – Seld awareness
Lack of self awareness – Seld awareness
E
P

9. Thank You
Thank You
By : Anubha Maurya
Trainer – Soft skills and Quality
Contact for any query or info at :anubhawalia@gmail.com