1. MARMARA UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
INTERNSHIP FINAL REPORT
STUDENT NAME : NİLGÜN KADAK
COMPANY NAME : ORGANİK KİMYA SANAYİ
VE TİCARET A.Ş.
2. ABOUT COMPANY
Company Profile
Company’s history dates back to 1924, when it was first founded as Elkasan, trading
chemicals from reputable global sources.
Organik Kimya was founded in 1965 with the main focus on polymer emulsions and
specialty chemicals. [1]
Key Assets of the Company
- Service to our customers
- Environmental care
- Investment in technology
- Investment in people
- Always, improve, adapt, update and upgrade - in production and corporate sense
- Never lose the competitive spirit, the enthusiasm to work and the desire to succeed
Environment is the key concern for us, in production, in new product developments, in
individual and corporate levels. In 2004 the company made the full shift to APEO-free
products. Its environmental accountability has seen its participation in national and
international movements such as Responsible Care®, ensuring that only environmentally
compliant products are manufactured and the most stringent environmental safeguards are
maintained during production. [2]
Company Vision
To be a leading chemical company with innovative solutions in specialty markets by
creating sustainable advantage to the whole value chain with a partnership approach.
3. Company Mission
1. To excell and develop in the higher end specialty applications, such as low VOC
coatings, water based industrial coatings, construction chemicals, specialty adhesives.
2. Customer intimacy is the other important element of our strategy.
3. We are targeting to become a strategic supplier that can create value for its
partners/customers, a supplier that listens to its customers and can create innovative &
creative solutions and add value to its customers. [3]
Total Quality and ISO 9001:2000
Being one of the leading companies in Polymers and Specialty Chemicals Business, it
is aim of company to serve our customers with top quality products and services.
Keeping customer satisfaction as its first priority, it is committed to a customer
focused approach to provide fast and reliable services along with world class quality
products.
It put a lot of efforts and investments into continuous Research&Development to
provide our customers value added solutions and the most efficient products, guiding them
as well sharing our vast experiences.
Having a modern and lean organizational structure, it is committed to continuous
improvement of the processes, work flows, the efficiencies and minimizing the waste and
scraps. Through all its processes, it takes a lot of care to be a reliable, consistent and
environmentally friendly producer with a systematic approach following standards as the
'ISO' and the 'Responsible Care'.
TURQUALITY ® - THE WORLD'S FIRST AND ONLY STATE SUPPORTED
TRADEMARK PROGRAM
Turquality® , is the first and only state supported branding program. The purpose of
the project is to determine the leading Turkish brands that have branding potential on
global basis and to provide strength to these brands toward becoming a global brand.
Therefore Turquality set off in 2004 with the slogan of ``10 global brands in 10
year’’. The program currently includes 89 companies & 101 trademarks operating in 7
different sectors.
[4]
4. Sustainability
Organik Kimya, knows that our products rely on an increasingly constrained set of
natural resources, whether these are the crude oil derivatives or other raw materials. It
recognizes that to achieve its future objectives, it has to take an active role in preserving,
renewing and thus sustaining the resources we consume.
It declares its sustainability strategy based on different principles as part of its
corporate culture and management systems. It is company’s commitment to the environment
and to future generations.
[5]
5. Introduction
Organik Kimya is a company that produce some kinds of chemical products. So it has
a production plant and a wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, it must provide against
serious occupational accidents. It is compulsory that the company has an occupational health
and safety specialist.My intern was about the occupational health and safety and I have learnt
lots of things about this point.
Main topics of things I have learnt in the training ;
Workplace hazards, their types and warning signs
Occupational health & safety and its control
Becoming an occupational health & safety specialist
Occupational health & safety standards and their controlls
Internal controls for laboratories
Internal risk analyses
Hazardous waste management
6. WORKPLACE HAZARDS
&
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Employers have a responsibility to protect workers against health and safety hazards at
work. Workers have the right to know about potential hazards and to refuse work that they
believe is dangerous. Workers also have a responsibility to work safely with hazardous
materials.
Health and safety hazards exist in every workplace. Some are easily identified and
corrected, while others create extremely dangerous situations that could be a threat to
workers’ life or their long-term health. The best way to protect themselves is to learn to
recognize and prevent hazards in their workplace.
WORKPLACE HAZARDS
There are four main types of workplace hazards:
Physical hazards are the most common hazards and are present in most workplaces at
some time. Examples include;
Image [1]
Frayed electrical cords
I have learnt in the training what the workplace hazards, their types and
warning signs are.
7. Image [2]
Image [3]
Image [4]
Image [5]
Unguarded machinery
Exposed moving parts
Constant loud noise
Working from ladders
8. Image [6]
Image [7]
Image [8]
Some other signs about the physical hazards concern ;
Image [9] Image [10]
Scaffolding or heights
Spills
Tripping hazards
9. Image [11] Image [12]
Ergonomic hazards occur when the type of work you do, your body position and/or
your working conditions put a strain on your body. They are difficult to identify
because you don’t immediately recognize the harm they are doing to your health.
Examples include ;
Image [9]
Image [10]
Image [11]
Poor lighting
Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
Frequent lifting
10. Chemical hazards are present when you are exposed to any chemical preparation
(solid, liquid or gas) in the workplace. Examples include ;
Image [12]
Image [13] Image [14]
Image [15]
Image [16]
Cleaning products and solvents
Vapours and fumes
Carbon monoxide or other gases
Gasoline or other flammable materials
11. Biological hazards come from working with people, animals or
infectious plant material. Examples include:
Image [17]
Blood or other bodily fluids
Bacteria and viruses
Insect bites
Animal and bird droppings
Workplace Inspections Prevent Hazards
Regular workplace inspections are another important factor in preventing injuries
and illnesses. By critically examining all aspects of the workplace, inspections identify
and record hazards that must be addressed and corrected.
A workplace inspection should include:
• listening to the concerns of workers and supervisors
• gaining further understanding of jobs and tasks
• identifying existing and potential hazards
• determining underlying causes of hazards
• monitoring hazard controls (personal protective equipment, engineering controls,
policies, procedures)
• recommending corrective action
[6]
12. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)
Occupational health and safety is concerned with protecting the safety, health and
welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
The enjoyment of these standards at the highest levels is a basic human right that
should be accessible by each and every worker.
Regardless of the nature of their work, workers should be able to carry out their
responsibilities in a safe and secure working environment, free from hazards.
These rights are set out in legislation to ensure that employers are clear about the
obligations and the consequences for neglecting them.
[7]
I have learnt what the occupational health & safety and its control are.
An occupational health and safety control is applied for the wastewater
treatment plant of the company. The goggles, hard hat and safety boots
are worn before the entrance to the wastewater treatment plant. Also, a
control was happened about these precautions for the workers.
13. Mission of Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Occupational health and safety specialists analyze many types of work environments
and work procedures. Specialists inspect workplaces for adherence to regulations on safety,
health, and the environment. They also design programs to prevent disease or injury to
workers and damage to the environment.
Work Environment
Occupational health and safety specialists work in a variety of settings, such as offices,
factories, and mines. Their jobs often involve fieldwork and travel. Most specialists work full
time. [8]
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SPECIALIST
DOCUMENT CLASSES
(C) Class Occupational Health and Safety Specialist Document
It is given to the engineers, architects, or technical employee who succeeded at the (C)
Class Occupational Health and Safety exam by getting 70 or upper grade.
(B) Class Occupational Health and Safety Specialist Document
It is given to the engineers, architects, or technical employee who succeeded at the (B)
Class Occupational Health and Safety Exam by getting 70 or upper grade, and proved that
he/she actively served with his/her C class occupational health and safety specialist document
for at least 3 years with the documentation of Occupational Health and Safety Specialist
Contract.
I have learnt who the occupational health & safety specialists are and
what they do.
It is explained how to become an occupational health and safety specialist in
Turkey.
Becoming an Occupational Health and Safety Specialist
Engineers, architects and technical employees can be an occupational
health and safety specialist. These people have to receive an education
approved by the ministry office and taken an examination about this education.
14. (A) Class Occupational Health and Safety Specialist Document
It is given to the engineers, architects, or technical employee who succeeded at the (A)
Class Occupational Health and Safety Specialist Exam by getting 70 or upper grade, and
proved that he/she actively served with his/her C class occupational health and safetyy
specialist document for at least 4 years with the document of Occupational Health Specialist
Contract. [9]
STANDARDS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
ISO AND OHSAS STANDARDS
The standards are some documents that provide requirements, specifications, guidelines
or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes
and services are fit for their purpose.
OHSAS CERTIFICATION : 18001
The OHSAS 18001 standard is internationally accepted as a method of assessing and
auditing occupational health and safety management systems. Developed by leading trade and
international standards bodies, it provides a framework for organisations to instigate proper
and effective management of health & safety in the workplace.
By having a clearly defined management system in place to identify and control health
and safety risks, organisations are able to minimise risks to their workforce and visitors or
external contractors on their premises. The standard will enable organisations to put in place
processes for continually reviewing and improving occupational health and safety.
I have learnt what the occupational health & safety
standards and how it is controlled.
15. Key areas that will be assessed by OHSAS certification ;
Management systems in place
Planning and risk assessment
Staff training and awareness
Communication of safety management systems
Response to emergency situations
Monitoring and continual improvement
[10]
ISO CERTIFICATIONS
ISO International Standards ensure that products and services are safe, reliable and of
good quality. For business, they are strategic tools that reduce costs by minimizing waste and
errors, and increasing productivity. They help companies to access new markets, level the
playing field for developing countries and facilitate free and fair global trade. [11]
ISO Certifications Related with the Environment
ISO 14000 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The ISO 14000 family addresses various aspects of environmental management. It
provides practical tools for companies and organizations looking to identify and control their
environmental impact and constantly improve their environmental performance. ISO
14001:2004 and ISO 14004:2004 focus on environmental management systems. The other
standards in the family focus on specific environmental aspects such as life cycle analysis,
communication and auditing.
ISO 14001:2004
ISO 14001:2004 sets out the criteria for an environmental management system and can be
certified to. It does not state requirements for environmental performance, but maps out a
framework that a company or organization can follow to set up an effective environmental
management system. It can be used by any organization regardless of its activity or sector.
16. Using ISO 14001:2004 can provide assurance to company management and employees as
well as external stakeholders that environmental impact is being measured and improved.
The benefits of using ISO 14001:2004 can include:
Reduced cost of waste management
Savings in consumption of energy and materials
Lower distribution costs
Improved corporate image among regulators, customers and the public [12]
ISO 50001 – ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Using energy efficiently helps organizations save money as well as helping to conserve
resources and tackle climate change. ISO 50001 supports organizations in all sectors to use
energy more efficiently, through the development of an energy management system (EnMS).
An occupational health and safety control was applied for the filling and
logistic plants of the company. The results and lacks are written in a report.
(This control was related with the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards.)
These processes are applied as part of the control ;
Stores are controlled.
Emergency exits are controlled.
Conservation conditions of the stocks are controlled.
Fire apparatus are controlled.
Toggle switches are controlled.
I have attended a training about the energy
management - ISO 50001 standards.
It was about the introduction to energy management
systems in our workplaces and homes.
17. ISO 50001:2011 – Energy Management System
ISO 50001 is based on the management system model of continual improvement also used
for other well-known standards such as ISO 9001 or ISO 14001. This makes it easier for
organizations to integrate energy management into their overall efforts to improve quality and
environmental management.
ISO 50001:2011 provides a framework of requirements for organizations to:
Develop a policy for more efficient use of energy
Fix targets and objectives to meet the policy
Use data to better understand and make decisions about energy use
Measure the results
Review how well the policy works, and
Continually improve energy management. [13]
RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk assessment is the process where you:
Identify hazards.
Analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard.
Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.
In practical terms, a risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify
those things, situations, processes, etc that may cause harm, particularly to people. After
identification is made, you evaluate how likely and severe the risk is, and then decide what
measures should be in place to effectively prevent or control the harm from happening.
The aim of the risk assessment process is to remove a hazard or reduce the level of its
risk by adding precautions or control measures, as necessary. By doing so, you have created a
safer and healthier workplace.
I have learnt what risk analysis and risk analysis methods.
Some of risk assessments are applied for environment, occupational health
and safety and raw material.
18. Importance of Risk Assessments
Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of a good
occupational health and safety management plan. They help to:
Create awareness of hazards and risks.
Identify who may be at risk (employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public, etc).
Determine if existing control measures are adequate or if more should be done.
Prevent injuries or illnesses when done at the design or planning stage.
Prioritize hazards and control measures.
How A Risk Assessment is done ;
In general, to do an assessment, these are should be done ;
Identify hazards.
Evaluate the likelihood of an injury or illness occurring, and its severity.
Consider normal operational situations as well as non-standard events such as shutdowns,
power outages, emergencies, etc.
Review all available health and safety information about the hazard such as MSDSs,
manufacturers literature, information from reputable organizations, results of testing, etc.
Identify actions necessary to eliminate or control the risk.
Monitor and evaluate to confirm the risk is controlled.
Keep any documentation or records that may be necessary. Documentation may include
detailing the process used to assess the risk, outlining any evaluations, or detailing how
conclusions were made.
When doing an assessment, these points should be taken into account ;
the methods and procedures used in the processing, use, handling or storage of the
substance, etc.
the actual and the potential exposure of workers
the measures and procedures necessary to control such exposure by means of engineering
controls, work practices, and hygiene practices and facilities
By determining the level of risk associated with the hazard, the employer and the joint
health and safety committee can decide whether a control program is required.
19. Classification of Risks
Definitions for Likelihood of Harm
Very Likely - Typically experienced at least once every six months by an individual.
Likely - Typically experienced once every five years by an individual.
Unlikely - Typically experienced once during the working lifetime of an individual.
Very unlikely - Less than 1% chance of being experienced by an individual during
their working lifetime.
Definitions for Severity of Harm
Potential severity of harm - When establishing potential severity of harm,
information about the relevant work activity should be considered, together with:
a) part(s) of the body likely to be affected;
b) nature of the harm, ranging from slight to extremely harmful:
1. slightly harmful (e.g., superficial injuries; minor cuts and bruises; eye irritation from dust;
nuisance and irritation; ill-health leading to temporary discomfort)
2. harmful (e.g., lacerations; burns; concussion; serious sprains; minor fractures; deafness;
dermatitis; asthma; work-related upper limb disorders; ill-health)
3. extremely harmful (e.g., amputations; major fractures; poisonings; multiple injuries; fatal
injuries; occupational cancer; other severely life shortening diseases; acute fatal diseases)
Definition for Risk Level
Very low - These risks are considered acceptable. No further action is necessary other
than to ensure that the controls are maintained.
Low - No additional controls are required unless they can be implemented at very low
cost (in terms of time, money, and effort). Actions to further reduce these risks are
assigned low priority. Arrangements should be made to ensure that the controls are
maintained.
Medium - Consideration should be as to whether the risks can be lowered, where
applicable, to a tolerable level and preferably to an acceptable level, but the costs of
additional risk reduction measures should be taken into account. The risk reduction
measures should be implemented within a defined time period. Arrangements should
be made to ensure that controls are maintained, particularly if the risk levels area
associated with harmful consequences.
20. High - Substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risk. Risk reduction measures
should be implemented urgently within a defined time period and it might be
necessary to consider suspending or restricting the activity, or to apply interim risk
control measures, until this has been completed. Considerable resources might have to
be allocated to additional control measures. Arrangements should be made to ensure
that controls are maintained, particularly if the risk levels are associated with
extremely harmful consequences and very harmful consequences.
Very high - These risk are unacceptable. Substantial improvements in risk control
measures are necessary so that the risk is reduced to a tolerable or acceptable level.
The work activity should be halted until risk controls are implemented that reduces the
risk so that it is no longer very high. If it is not possible to reduce the risk, the work
should remain prohibited.
[14]
Risk Assessment Methods - Fine & Kinney
Fine&Kinney Method is a method that is used for evaluating the risk positions of a
workplace.
Risk level is calculated with a formula for this method;
After the calculations, the risk level is commented according to Table [1] .
Table [1] [15]
Risk = Probability x Frequency x Severity
21. LABORATORY SAFETY RULES
Before starting any work in the lab, personnel should be familiar with the procedures
and equipment being used. Lab personnel should be aware of the chemical hazards before
working with them. Personnel who are unfamiliar with the hazardous material or a new
procedure should consult their supervisor.
1. Personal Safety Practices
Lab coats, gloves and safety glasses should be worn as appropriate in all laboratories.
Image [18]
Do not wear shorts, sandals, or open-toed shoes in lab.
Minors or personal pets are not permitted in laboratories.
Do not mouth pipette.
I have attended an internal control for the laboratories of the company.
Laboratory safety standards are checked during the control ;
Protective clothing (laboratory coats)
Hand/eye protection
Equipment safety
General laboratory organization
First-aid kit
Collecting the wastes
22. Secure any dangling jewelry, restrain loose clothing, and tie back long hair that might
get caught in equipment before starting work.
Food and drink should not be consumed in the lab.
Do not store food and drinks in laboratory refrigerators.
Image [19]
Avoid working alone in the lab. If you must work alone, make someone (such as a
supervisor) aware of your location.
Wash your hands frequently throughout the day and before leaving the lab.
Do not wear lab coats, gloves, or other personal protective clothing outside of lab
areas. This clothing may have become contaminated and you could spread the
contamination.
Cell phones and use of music headphones should be avoided while working in the lab.
They can be distracting and thereby increase the potential for an accident to occur.
They can also become contaminated if handled while working with hazardous
materials. [16]
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that contains information on the
potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the
chemical product. It is an essential starting point for the development of a complete health and
safety program. It also contains information on the use, storage, handling and emergency
procedures all related to the hazards of the material. The MSDS contains much more
information about the material than the label. MSDSs are prepared by the supplier or
manufacturer of the material. It is intended to tell what the hazards of the product are, how to
use the product safely, what to expect if the recommendations are not followed, what to do if
accidents occur, how to recognize symptoms of overexposure, and what to do if such
incidents occur.
It is explained what the material safety data sheet (MSDS) is.
I have learnt the importance of MSDS for the laboratory safety and
health.
23. Informations on the MSDS
1. Product Information: product identifier (name), manufacturer and suppliers names,
addresses, and emergency phone numbers
2. Hazardous Ingredients
3. Physical Data
4. Fire or Explosion Hazard Data
5. Reactivity Data: information on the chemical instability of a product and the substances it
may react with
6. Toxicological Properties: health effects
7. Preventive Measures
8. First Aid Measures
9. Preparation Information: who is responsible for preparation and date of preparation of
MSDS
[17]
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the
environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges. They can be
discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or the by-products of
manufacturing processes.
Definition of Solid Waste (DSW) : Before a material can be classified as a
hazardous waste, it must first be a solid waste as defined under RCRA (Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act).
Types of Hazardous Waste: Hazardous waste are divided
into listed wastes, characteristic wastes, universal wastes, and mixed wastes. Specific
procedures determine how waste is identified, classified, listed, and delisted.
I was informed about the hazardous waste management.
I have attended a training about the hazardous waste
transportation.
24. Generators: Hazardous waste generators are divided into categories based on the
amount of waste they produce each month. Different regulations apply to each
generator category.
Transporters: Hazardous waste transporters move waste from one site to another by
highway, rail, water, or air.
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD): Requirements for TSD facilities govern
the treatment, storage and disposal of hazadous waste, including land disposal,
the permitting process and requirements for TSD facilities.
[18]
A waste can be hazardous if it is;
Radioactive
Infectious
Bioaccumulative
Ignitable
Irritating
Sensitizing
Flammable
Reactive
Explosive
Corrosive
Classifications and Signs of Hazardous Wastes
Explosive
Image [20]
Oxidizing
Image [21]
27. CONCLUSION
My training is so efficiently. Because the theme of the training is occupational health
and safety and the company has production plant and wastewater treatment plant. Therefore,
I had so many informations about the process of occupational health and safety controls.
Main points I got during the training ;
I have learnt in the training what the workplace hazards, their types and warning
signs are.
I have learnt what the occupational health & safety and its control are.
I have learnt who the occupational health & safety specialists are and what they do.
It is explained how to become an occupational health and safety specialist in
Turkey.
I have learnt what the occupational health & safety standards and how it is
controlled.
I have attended a training about the energy management - ISO 50001 standards.
I have learnt what risk analysis and risk analysis methods.
I have attended an internal control for the laboratories of the company.
It is explained what the material safety data sheet (MSDS) is.
I was informed about the hazardous waste management.
…and as a result of the training ;
![ABOUT COMPANY
Company Profile
Company’s history dates back to 1924, when it was first founded as Elkasan, trading
chemicals from reputable global sources.
Organik Kimya was founded in 1965 with the main focus on polymer emulsions and
specialty chemicals. [1]
Key Assets of the Company
- Service to our customers
- Environmental care
- Investment in technology
- Investment in people
- Always, improve, adapt, update and upgrade - in production and corporate sense
- Never lose the competitive spirit, the enthusiasm to work and the desire to succeed
Environment is the key concern for us, in production, in new product developments, in
individual and corporate levels. In 2004 the company made the full shift to APEO-free
products. Its environmental accountability has seen its participation in national and
international movements such as Responsible Care®, ensuring that only environmentally
compliant products are manufactured and the most stringent environmental safeguards are
maintained during production. [2]
Company Vision
To be a leading chemical company with innovative solutions in specialty markets by
creating sustainable advantage to the whole value chain with a partnership approach.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)