The document discusses the diverse climate and geography of Spain, with three main climate zones: Mediterranean, oceanic, and semiarid. It explores Spanish garden styles influenced by architecture, history, and Islamic designs, emphasizing elements like walled courtyards, water features, and varied plantings to create sensory experiences. Key features of Spanish architecture, including arches, stucco, and terracotta roofs, and notable gardens, such as Madrid’s Retiro Park, are also highlighted.

1. SPANISH GARDEN
STYLE…

2. ENVIRONMENT
• Based on climate : There are three different climate zones
in Spain, due to its large size.
• The Mediterranean climate is characterized by dry and
warm/hot summers and cool to mild and wet winters.
• The oceanic climate is located in the northern part of the
country, especially in the regions of Basque
Country, Asturias, Cantabria, and Navarre.This region has
regular snowfall in the winter months.
• The semiarid climate is predominant in the south eastern part
of the country and in the middle reaches of the Ebro valley to the
north east, reaching as far west as southern Navarre.

3. Most of the topography of Spain consists of flat plains
that are surrounded by rugged, undeveloped hills.The
northern part of the country, however, is dominated by
the Pyrenees Mountains.
•based on topography:
•Based on geology: Geologically, Spain can be divided in terms of bedrock.
•A siliceous Spain seated on hard and therefore durable
crystalline rocks (granites, schist and gneiss) forming acid
soils and poor in carbonates - the North and the West of the
Peninsula.
•A limestone Spain based on sedimentary rocks - the heavily
weathered Mesesta.
Spain was influenced by Muslim
world even after expulsion of
Moors , specifically in Seville..

4. SOCIAL HISTORY :
1. CharlesV Spain : become powerful ruler of that time in Europe
2. Spanish monarchy was in grief in chaotic Germany, failed against England
and lost Netherlands to make itself republic in 1609.
3. Catholic monarchs during renaissance, Spanish Gothic and Spanish
Boroque .
PHILOSPHY :
1. Catholic and protestant were in theological combat , alloying the lay
monarch to shake themselves free from the power of the church .
2. Descartes , Spinoza , Leibnitz were the founder of modern philosophy.
3. Philosophic liberalism grew up mainly in England which become a heaven of
philosophic revolutionaries.
4. Principles were embodied in work of John Locke , profoundly influenced
thought in England and subsequently found the basis of American constitution

5. EXPRESSION:
1. Ideas were emanating from Italy percolated to all parts of Europe.
2. These ideas were superficial , fashionable but eagerly sought , express
dignity of man .
3. Arts - compromised
4. Designers were not able to experience the philosophic torments that had
created the Renaissance and Baroque in Italy .
5. Special great houses were influenced by fashion but smaller houses were
designed harmoniously within the local landscape.
ARCHITECTURE :
1. Most exotic style was the Manueline in Portugal , followed by indigenous
styles in Spain and Germany .
2. New republic of Holland there appeared the first broad urban landscape took
place –
Were lined with tightly packed
well proportioned brick houses which never repeated in design
3. Garden were walled extension of house , rich in flowers and often with a look
out
4. Silhouette of dutch cities was punctuated by tall church and land was so small
, flat and unobstructed that one complex was visible from another .

6. LANDSCAPE:
1. Outside Italy and France the first preoccupation of
landscape designers was to develop the garden from the
medieval internal court into an external extension of the
building .
2. Castles - outward view
climbing a garden mount
3. Gardens - ideas was repeated by terrace gardens
latter disappeared when gardens grew in size and
boundary wall receded
4. Space design - French influence in space design was
established but without the mastery of geometry that was
unique to Le Notre.
Given look to green grass , fountain
luxuriant trees , soft undulation of land which never ends and
vibrant colors.

7. SPANISH GARDEN LAYOUT :
•Traditionally, the paradise garden is interpreted
with a central cross axis, in the four cardinal
directions, with long ponds or water channels
where water reflects and flows, set in a walled
courtyard.The quadrants often had fruit trees
and fragrant plants.
•Thus, characteristic sensory
experiences are refreshing
coolness, humidity, sounds,
greenery, and fragrance.This
type of garden is compatible
with the Spanish climate of
sun and heat JARDÍN DEL Generalife,
Granada

8. • The Spanish combined the powerful elements of their
influences and perfected the principle of separating spaces or
rooms within the garden layout.
• Walled sections create intimate patio areas, courtyards house
impressive fountains and terraces offering views into the
landscape are all incorporated into the Spanish garden style.
Jardín del Alcázar, Sevilla

9. ELEMENTS :
Tiered spanish fountain Moorish lanterns

10. Carved cantera form Urns
ELEMENTS

11. Slump block Saltillo tiles
ELEMENTS

12. Cantera stone Plaster
ELEMENTS

13. •Plantings along paths or walkways are
arranged with smaller plants in front and
taller plants in the rear. Plants used vary
widely, but fruit trees and flowering and
fragrant plants are favorites. Herbs such as
lavender and rosemary are found in almost
every Spanish garden
PLANTS:-
•Citrus, pomegranate, olive,
cypress and other Mediterranean
trees are also popular.
•Thus, characteristic sensory experiences are refreshing coolness,
humidity, sounds, greenery, and fragrance — creating a garden
paradise that is compatible with the Spanish climate of sun and
heat.

14. PLANTS IN SPANISH GARDEN
1. Succulents and Cacti. Cycas
Osteopermum Yucca

15. Hibiscus Hypercium
PLANTS IN SPANISH GARDEN
lavenderKalanchoe

16. Common element within a Spanish garden :
•COURTYARDS - are designed down
to the smallest detail.The architecture
surrounding the courtyard reflects the
architecture of the home with Spanish
archways and mosaic accents.These
courtyards always include a water
feature or reflection pool
•TERRACES - are located
throughout the design, often
providing overviews of the
gardens below. Seating areas
and potted plants should be
incorporated into these areas as
well.

17. •FOUNTAIN - and the use of water are
extremely important in the Spanish
design. Getting their influence from
Islamic gardens, the Spanish design
differs by consisting of multiple small
fountains throughout rather than one
large fountain in the centre of each
outdoor room or courtyard.
•REFLECTING POOLS - are
also from the Islamic gardens,
where they are often the focal
point to major entryways and
courtyards. Reflecting pools are
designed amongst geometric
shaped, symmetrical planting
beds .

18. •SYMMETRY - is one of the main elements of the
original Spanish garden. Although you may find they
are changing, their design should have some
symmetrical areas to hold the authenticity of the true
Spanish garden.

19. SPANISH ARCHITECTURE
•Curves and arches from
pre-Romansque
architecture which
prevailed in Spain.
•White stucco exterior
and walls.
•Painted tiles
•Terracotta roof tiles -
The red clay roof top
give the homes a warm,
earthy, rustic look.

20. •Ornamental iron
work. Finely crafted wrought
iron work graces stair railings,
gates, window grilles and
lanterns.
•Tower-like chimneys.
•Balconies to enjoy the fresh
air and views.
•Courtyards The mild climate
of the Mediterranean
encouraged outdoor living.
r
Spanish architecture

21. •Arcades
• Pergolas trellising
•Garden pavilions.
•Refreshing coolness,
•Humidity, sounds,
•Greenery, and fragrance
•Ceramic elements and tiles
•pottery.
SPANISH LANDSCAPE
Jardín de la Alcazaba, Málaga
Jardín del
Alcázar ,
Córdoba
Jardín
del
Alcázar,
Jerez

22. Madrid’s Retiro Park
•It’s a wonderful centrally–located 125-hectare park.
• Its name refers to its function under Philip II’s rule – it was a place from which to
escape from the rigours of the court life.
•Madrid’s oldest tree – the 400 year-old taxodium which is often referred to as a
cypress.
•There is a famous statue called the Fallen Angel, done by the sculptor Ricardo
Bellvery Ramon in 1885.
Fallen angel statue El retro park

23. •Here is also the Palace of Velazquez that was used to house the Exhibition
of Mining in 1883. The style of the palace is Mudejar, with brick facing and
plenty of decorative ceramic tile everywhere.
•There is a Rose Garden that has many showy roses during spring
•One of the features of the park is the large artificial lake (El Estanque del
Retiro) that is located by the monument to Alfonso XII. This little lake is
used for sailing and rowing by visitors to the park.
EL Estanque del Retrio The Rosaleda rose garden in
Retiro Park

24. •There is a walkway that is known as the Paseo
de las Estatuas (Statue Walk), whose official
name is the Paseo de la Argentina. It has many
statues of the kings and these were done
between 1750 and 1753
•There’s so much to see: from the beautiful
architecture, to the fun of the row boats on
the pond.
•The Glass Palace, a romantic pavilion created to
house a collection of exotic plants for the Philippine
Exhibition of 1887, is one of the main examples of
cast-iron architecture in Spain.
•This park is gorgeous and is a very enjoyable place to
visit and see beautiful gardens and enjoy nature.
Paseo de las Estatuas
Glass
palace