This document discusses the use of language to express permission and obligation. It provides examples of using "can" and "can't" to express permission, such as "In this restaurant you can pay with cash, but you can't pay with a credit card." It also provides examples of using "have to" and "don't have to" to express obligation or necessity, such as "If I want to graduate I have to study hard." The document then provides tables comparing affirmative and negative examples as well as questions for both permission and obligation.

1. Permission and
Obligation
Uses and examples

2. Permission §
Toexpresspermissionweuse
canandcan't
In this
restaurant you
can pay with
cash,
but you can't
pay with a
credit card.

3. Obligation
§
Toexpressobligationor
necessityweusehavetoand
don'thaveto
If I want to
graduate I have
to study hard
I don't have to drink
alcohol when I go out with
my friends.

4. Affirmative Negative Question
Short
answer: Yes
Short
answer: No
I can study
English at
ITESO
I can't
smoke in
the
classrooms
Can you
take the
TOEFL at
ITESO?
Yes, you
can take
the TOEFL
at ITESO
No, you
can't
smoke in
the
classrooms
Permission
It is
permitted!
It is
prohibited!

5. Affirmative Negative Question
Short
answer: Yes
Short
answer: No
I have to
get at
least an 8
to keep my
scholarship
I don't have
to take
English
classes yet,
but I want
to finish
early
Do you
have to go
to ITESO
today?
Yes, I have
to. My
English
class is at
9 am.
No, I don't
have to go
today. I
don't have
classes on
Fridays.
Obligation
It is an
obligation!
It isn't
necessary

6. As a Mexican
citizen... ...what are your permissions and
obligations?
I can I can't I have to I don't have to
• I can vote • I can't work
legally in the
US
• I have to pay
taxes
• I don't have to
live in a certain
state