1) Perioperative myocardial injury and infarction are common complications after non-cardiac surgery, occurring in up to 17% of high-risk patients, with many events going unrecognized due to a lack of symptoms. 2) Both symptomatic and asymptomatic perioperative myocardial infarctions are associated with a significant increase in short- and long-term mortality. 3) Routine screening for myocardial injury using high-sensitivity troponin measurements can help identify at-risk patients, and secondary prevention treatments with aspirin, statins, and other medications may provide mortality benefits.