In the cellular communication applications of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, each user signal can be received in the different power levels in the input of the base station due to different distances of the users. In that case, signal of the user that is closer to the base station increases the communication errors of the far users. To solve this problem, open or closed loop power control system is used to make each user signal equals in the input of the base station. Power prediction and power control have been performed with various methods in the literature. In this study, two different methods will be investigated and will be compared with each other in terms of power control performance. The power at the output of the matched filter is predicted using neural network and fuzzy inference system, power control is realized according to the predicted values.
Efficient power allocation method for non orthogonal multiple access 5G systemsIJECEIAES
One of the hot research topics for the upcoming 5G (fifth-generation) wireless communication networks is the non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, where it have attracted both industrial and academic fields to improve the existing spectral efficiency. In fact, the multiuser detection process for NOMA systems is largely affected by the power distribution of the received signals. In this paper, a new method has been proposed to control the transmit power among active users in one of the promising NOMA systems; the interleave division multiple access (IDMA) which has been adopted here for consideration. Unlike conventional methods, where tedious mathematical computations are required; a simple and direct method has been derived. The proposed method has been applied to IDMA system with different FEC codes. The obtained results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional one as compared to optimal results.
This paper presents a discrete wavelet transform and neural network approach to fault
detection and classification and location in transmission lines. The fault detection is carried out by
using energy of the detail coefficients of the phase signals and artificial neutral network algorithm
used for fault type classification and fault distance location for all the types of faults for 220 KV
transmission line. The energies of the all three phases A, B, C and ground phase are given in put to
the neural network for the fault classification. For each type of fault separate neural network is
prepared for finding out the fault location. An improved performance is obtained once the neutral
network is trained suitably, thus performance correctly when faced with different system parameters
and conditions.
ZigBee has been developed to support lower data rates and low power consuming
applications. This paper targets to analyze various parameters of ZigBee physical (PHY).
Performance of ZigBee PHY is evaluated on the basis of energy consumption in
transmitting and receiving mode and throughput. Effect of variation in network size is
studied on these performance attributes. Some modulation schemes are also compared and
the best modulation scheme is suggested with tradeoffs between different performance
metrics.
Now a days there is a widespread use of semiconductor devices, which are mostly implemented as the power switches for converters and inverters. These converters and inverters play a vital role in power systems both in transmission and distribution systems. This provides a way for the introduction of harmonics in the power system which leads to poor power quality. To overcome this many solutions have been suggested by the research community but each solution holds its own merits and demerits. Of all these suggested solutions, the Dynamic Voltage Restorer is one of the most cost effective systems for various power quality issues. In this paper the DVR is considered for enhancing the power quality by reducing the harmonics generated because of sensitive loads. Here the power quality is enhanced by controlling the DVR using Neural Network Controller which is trained by Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. In this paper the THD analysis of the voltage quantity is analysed by introducing an unbalanced three phase fault in the system. The simulation is done by using MATLAB/Simulink. From the results, it is verified that the harmonics are reduced by the NN controlled DVR unit. Also the simulation results are verified with the hardware results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Efficient power allocation method for non orthogonal multiple access 5G systemsIJECEIAES
One of the hot research topics for the upcoming 5G (fifth-generation) wireless communication networks is the non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, where it have attracted both industrial and academic fields to improve the existing spectral efficiency. In fact, the multiuser detection process for NOMA systems is largely affected by the power distribution of the received signals. In this paper, a new method has been proposed to control the transmit power among active users in one of the promising NOMA systems; the interleave division multiple access (IDMA) which has been adopted here for consideration. Unlike conventional methods, where tedious mathematical computations are required; a simple and direct method has been derived. The proposed method has been applied to IDMA system with different FEC codes. The obtained results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional one as compared to optimal results.
This paper presents a discrete wavelet transform and neural network approach to fault
detection and classification and location in transmission lines. The fault detection is carried out by
using energy of the detail coefficients of the phase signals and artificial neutral network algorithm
used for fault type classification and fault distance location for all the types of faults for 220 KV
transmission line. The energies of the all three phases A, B, C and ground phase are given in put to
the neural network for the fault classification. For each type of fault separate neural network is
prepared for finding out the fault location. An improved performance is obtained once the neutral
network is trained suitably, thus performance correctly when faced with different system parameters
and conditions.
ZigBee has been developed to support lower data rates and low power consuming
applications. This paper targets to analyze various parameters of ZigBee physical (PHY).
Performance of ZigBee PHY is evaluated on the basis of energy consumption in
transmitting and receiving mode and throughput. Effect of variation in network size is
studied on these performance attributes. Some modulation schemes are also compared and
the best modulation scheme is suggested with tradeoffs between different performance
metrics.
Now a days there is a widespread use of semiconductor devices, which are mostly implemented as the power switches for converters and inverters. These converters and inverters play a vital role in power systems both in transmission and distribution systems. This provides a way for the introduction of harmonics in the power system which leads to poor power quality. To overcome this many solutions have been suggested by the research community but each solution holds its own merits and demerits. Of all these suggested solutions, the Dynamic Voltage Restorer is one of the most cost effective systems for various power quality issues. In this paper the DVR is considered for enhancing the power quality by reducing the harmonics generated because of sensitive loads. Here the power quality is enhanced by controlling the DVR using Neural Network Controller which is trained by Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. In this paper the THD analysis of the voltage quantity is analysed by introducing an unbalanced three phase fault in the system. The simulation is done by using MATLAB/Simulink. From the results, it is verified that the harmonics are reduced by the NN controlled DVR unit. Also the simulation results are verified with the hardware results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ROUTING IN WSN BY USING AUTOMATAijasuc
Low power and limited processing are characteristics of nodes in Wireless sensor networks. Therefore, optimal
consumption of energy for WSN protocols seems essential. In a number of WSN applications, sensor nodes sense data
periodically from environment and transfer it to the sink. Because of limitation in energy and selection of best route,
for the purpose of increasing network remaining energy a node with most energy level will be used for transmission
of data. The most part of energy in nodes is wasted on radio transmission; thus decreasing number of transferred
packets in the network will result in increase in node and network lifetimes. In algorithms introduced for data
transmission in such networks up to now, a single route is used for data transmissions that results in decrease in
energy of nodes located on this route which in turn results in increasing of remaining energy. In this paper a new
method is proposed for selection of data transmission route that is able to solve this problem. This method is based
on learning automata that selects the route with regard to energy parameters and the distance to sink. In this method
energy of network nodes finishes rather simultaneously preventing break down of network into two separate parts.
This will result in increased lifetime. Simulation results show that this method has been very effective in increasing of
remaining energy and it increases network lifetime.
Performance evaluation of zigbee transceiver for wireless body sensor systemIJCNCJournal
A cost effective impedance measurement system and a low cost
transceiver device has been presented for
wireless body sensor systems.The proposed device has an analog f
ront end to measure bioimpedance and
ZigBee device which provides reliable wireless communicatio
n.Bioelectric Impedance measurement
enables to characterize the state of tissues.Tetrapolar me
thod is an advance method for measuring
impedance since it is a very easy and simple method for practi
cal implementation.The principle of modified
tetrapolar method and its wireless transimission through zi
gbee has been investigated here.Different
modulation technique has been applied and it has been found that M
SK based transceiver is an efficient
one since it has low bit error rate and it produce constant enve
lope carrier signals which have no
amplitude and phase varations,hence it will be a more power s
aving technique.
RB-IEMRP: RELAY BASED IMPROVED THROUGHPUT ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-HOP ROUTING ...IJCNCJournal
In this paper, we have proposed a Relay based Improved Throughput and Energy-efficient Multi-hop
Routing Protocol (Rb-IEMRP) for the Intra Wireless Body Sensor Network (Intra-WBSN). Moreover,
mathematical analysis has been presented, to calculate the minimum number of relay nodes require to be
deployed corresponding to the bio-sensor nodes in Intra-WBSN. Normal sensing data from bio-sensor
nodes forwarded to BNC through relay nodes while emergency data is directly transmitted to BNC. Relays
nodes are placed in the patients' cloth. It can be easily replaced or recharged that facilitates effective
health monitoring. The proposed routing protocol has achieved better network stability, network lifetime,
energy efficiency and throughput as compared to Stable Increased Throughput Multi-Hop Protocol for Link
Efficiency in Wireless Body Area Networks (SIMPLE) and Reliable Energy Efficient Critical Data Routing
in Wireless Body Area Networks (REEC) routing protocols. It has been validated through simulation
results.
Single Phase PV Grid-Connected in Smart Household Energy System with Anticipa...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes an algorithm of Smart household energy systems to anticipate fault conditions in power system grid. Single phase PV grid- connected in smart household energy system is a smart system that determines electrical supply conditions to the load in residential electrical system. The smart system is consisted of two voltage source, conventional electricity system from national electricity provider as preferred source and photovoltaic as the alternative source. In smart system, fault conditions can be anticipated by selecting the appropriate voltage sources to supply the load. The condition of smart system can be described in power flow regulation to the load by detection and identification of amplitude, phase angle, and frequency of the voltage source compared to the system reference. The system mechanism is based on detection of voltage source using static transfer switch (STS) with phase locked loop (PLL) as voltage detection algorithm which output is used to determine decision logic algorithm for switching conditions. The results show that conditions of smart power system flow can be obtained based on voltage source selection in decision logic when fault condition occurs.
CLASS D POWER AMPLIFIER FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONieijjournal
The objective of this research was to design a 2.4 GHz class AB Power Amplifier (PA), with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) CMOS technology by using Cadence
software, for health care applications. The ultimate goal for such application is to minimize the trade-offs
between performance and cost, and between performance and low power consumption design. This paper
introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class D power amplifier which consists of two stage amplifiers. This
power amplifier can transmit 15dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The power added efficiency was 50%
and the total power consumption was 90.4 mW. The performance of the power amplifier meets the
specification requirements of the desired.
Chain Based Wireless Sensor Network Routing Using Hybrid Optimization (HBO An...IJEEE
In Wireless Sensor Network, due to the
energy restriction of each nodes, efficient routing is very
important in order to save the energy of the hybrid
optimization technique. The results of new protocol i.e.
hybrid have been compared with EEPB and IEEPB.
Simulation results show that the lifetime of Hybrid is better
as compared to EEPB and IEEPB.
Performance of symmetric and asymmetric links in wireless networks IJECEIAES
Wireless networks are designed to provide the enabling infrastructure for emerging technological advancements. The main characteristics of wireless networks are: Mobility, power constraints, high packet loss, and lower bandwidth. Nodes’ mobility is a crucial consideration for wireless networks, as nodes are moving all the time, and this may result in loss of connectivity in the network. The goal of this work is to explore the effect of replacing the generally held assumption of symmetric radii for wireless networks with asymmetric radii. This replacement may have a direct impact on the connectivity, throughput, and collision avoidance mechanism of mobile networks. The proposed replacement may also impact other mobile protocol’s functionality. In this work, we are mainly concerned with building and maintaining fully connected wireless network with the asymmetric assumption. For this extent, we propose to study the effect of the asymmetric links assumption on the network performance using extensive simulation experiments. Extensive simulation experiments were performed to measure the impact of these parameters. Finally, a resource allocation scheme for wireless networks is proposed for the dual rate scenario. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation.
Pm-EEMRP: Postural Movement Based Energy Efficient Multi-hop Routing Protocol...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Intra-WBSN plays an important role in health monitoring, military and consumer electronics. It iscomposed of wireless bio-sensor nodes which are strategically placed on the body. Due to body posture movement, network topology of Intra-WBSN changes continuously. It plays a significant role in Intra-WBSN. In proposed Pm-EEMRP, network stability, energy efficiency and high throughput are the prime parametersfor body posture movement in which sensing informations from bio-sensor nodes are forwarded to relay nodes. Relay nodesare deployed in cloths, which aggregate these data and forward it to body network controller (BNC). It provides reliable and comfortable health monitoring. Through simulation, the proposed routing protocol provides better network stability, improved energy efficiency and high throughput in comparison to conventional routing schemes.
A review on power quality disturbance classification using deep learning appr...MuskanRath1
Disclaimer:- This has been published as an article for informational purposes and includes reference to the research papers of researchers. Please let me know if I haven't included your research which matches a portion of the article, in the reference section. I would include the link to your research in the description section.
Description:-
Power Quality is a significant branch of power system engineering and plays a crucial role in maintaining the power quality supplied to consumers in the industry. The introduction of smart grids further differentiates the significance of power output. A single incident in power quality such as voltage drop triggered by a transmission or distribution level failure will cost up to millions of monetary losses for the affected industries. Power Quality disturbances can be classified into Voltage sag, Voltage Swell, Transient, Harmonic, Voltage Notch, and Flicker. With the help of digital techniques, at present, Power Quality disturbances are tracked on-site and online. The primary objective of the paper is to provide a thorough overview of the approaches in deep learning for the automatic detection, identification and classification of Power Quality Events, related to academics following a line of investigation in the related area. The paper furthermore gives insight on which of the techniques yields the highest accuracy.
GENERALIZED POWER ALLOCATION (GPA) SCHEME FOR NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS ...ijcseit
This paper presents a Generalized Power Allocation (GPA) scheme for different users in Non-Orthogonal
Multiple Access (NOMA) based wireless communication system. The power allocation to the users becomes
complex with the increased number of users. There are some conventional schemes for power allocation in
NOMA but they have to optimize some parameters arbitrarily. In this paper, a simple but effective power
allocation scheme has been formulated and tested by simulations. The proposed GPA scheme does not need
any parameter adjustment. Theoretical power distribution to different users of NOMA has been calculated
using the proposed GPA technique. The calculated powers of individual users with the proposed scheme
are different and more distributed than the arbitrary power allocation scheme which satisfies the basic
condition of NOMA. The total of calculated powers with GPA scheme shows only 01% variation with the
arbitrary power allocation scheme which shows the consistency of GPA scheme with other schemes. The
performance of NOMA based wireless communication system with GPA scheme has been simulated under
various conditions using Matlab. The simulated BER performance for NOMA based wireless
communication system using different modulation techniques show similar results with other conventional
schemes which validates the formulation of GPA scheme.
Performance assessment of an optimization strategy proposed for power systemsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In the present article, the selection process of the topology of an artificial neural network (ANN) as well as its configuration are exposed. The ANN was adapted to work with the Newton Raphson (NR) method for the calculation of power flow and voltage optimization in the PQ nodes of a 10-node power system represented by the IEEE 1250 standard system. The purpose is to assess and compare its results with the ones obtained by implementing ant colony and genetic algorithms in the optimization of the same system. As a result, it is stated that the voltages in all system nodes surpass 0,99 p.u., thus representing a 20% increase in the optimal scenario, where the algorithm took 30 seconds, of which 9 seconds were used in the training and validation processes of the ANN.
An appropriate fault detection and classification of power system transmission line using discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural networks is performed in this paper. The analysis is carried out by applying discrete wavelet transform for obtained fault phase currents. The work represented in this paper are mainly concentrated on classification of fault and this classification is done based on the obtained energy values after applying discrete wavelet transform by taking this values as an input for the neural network. The proposed system and analysis is carried out in Matlab Simulink.
REDUCTION IN THE TRANSIENT TIME OF SHUNT ACTIVE FILTERS USING INTELLIGENT CON...ijscmc
This paper deals with the implementation of new proposed strategy for the reduction in the transient time of
shunt active filter using intelligent controllers. Intelligent control is a class of control techniques that use
various AI computing approaches like fuzzy logic, neural network, evolutionary computation, genetic
algorithm etc. The proposed strategy works on the principle of energy of the capacitor to maintain the DClink
voltage of shunt connected active filter and thus reduces the transient time whenever there is sudden
change in the load. A comparison using the PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller and Artificial neural
controller has been made using MATLAB Simulink Power System Toolbox.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ROUTING IN WSN BY USING AUTOMATAijasuc
Low power and limited processing are characteristics of nodes in Wireless sensor networks. Therefore, optimal
consumption of energy for WSN protocols seems essential. In a number of WSN applications, sensor nodes sense data
periodically from environment and transfer it to the sink. Because of limitation in energy and selection of best route,
for the purpose of increasing network remaining energy a node with most energy level will be used for transmission
of data. The most part of energy in nodes is wasted on radio transmission; thus decreasing number of transferred
packets in the network will result in increase in node and network lifetimes. In algorithms introduced for data
transmission in such networks up to now, a single route is used for data transmissions that results in decrease in
energy of nodes located on this route which in turn results in increasing of remaining energy. In this paper a new
method is proposed for selection of data transmission route that is able to solve this problem. This method is based
on learning automata that selects the route with regard to energy parameters and the distance to sink. In this method
energy of network nodes finishes rather simultaneously preventing break down of network into two separate parts.
This will result in increased lifetime. Simulation results show that this method has been very effective in increasing of
remaining energy and it increases network lifetime.
Performance evaluation of zigbee transceiver for wireless body sensor systemIJCNCJournal
A cost effective impedance measurement system and a low cost
transceiver device has been presented for
wireless body sensor systems.The proposed device has an analog f
ront end to measure bioimpedance and
ZigBee device which provides reliable wireless communicatio
n.Bioelectric Impedance measurement
enables to characterize the state of tissues.Tetrapolar me
thod is an advance method for measuring
impedance since it is a very easy and simple method for practi
cal implementation.The principle of modified
tetrapolar method and its wireless transimission through zi
gbee has been investigated here.Different
modulation technique has been applied and it has been found that M
SK based transceiver is an efficient
one since it has low bit error rate and it produce constant enve
lope carrier signals which have no
amplitude and phase varations,hence it will be a more power s
aving technique.
RB-IEMRP: RELAY BASED IMPROVED THROUGHPUT ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-HOP ROUTING ...IJCNCJournal
In this paper, we have proposed a Relay based Improved Throughput and Energy-efficient Multi-hop
Routing Protocol (Rb-IEMRP) for the Intra Wireless Body Sensor Network (Intra-WBSN). Moreover,
mathematical analysis has been presented, to calculate the minimum number of relay nodes require to be
deployed corresponding to the bio-sensor nodes in Intra-WBSN. Normal sensing data from bio-sensor
nodes forwarded to BNC through relay nodes while emergency data is directly transmitted to BNC. Relays
nodes are placed in the patients' cloth. It can be easily replaced or recharged that facilitates effective
health monitoring. The proposed routing protocol has achieved better network stability, network lifetime,
energy efficiency and throughput as compared to Stable Increased Throughput Multi-Hop Protocol for Link
Efficiency in Wireless Body Area Networks (SIMPLE) and Reliable Energy Efficient Critical Data Routing
in Wireless Body Area Networks (REEC) routing protocols. It has been validated through simulation
results.
Single Phase PV Grid-Connected in Smart Household Energy System with Anticipa...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes an algorithm of Smart household energy systems to anticipate fault conditions in power system grid. Single phase PV grid- connected in smart household energy system is a smart system that determines electrical supply conditions to the load in residential electrical system. The smart system is consisted of two voltage source, conventional electricity system from national electricity provider as preferred source and photovoltaic as the alternative source. In smart system, fault conditions can be anticipated by selecting the appropriate voltage sources to supply the load. The condition of smart system can be described in power flow regulation to the load by detection and identification of amplitude, phase angle, and frequency of the voltage source compared to the system reference. The system mechanism is based on detection of voltage source using static transfer switch (STS) with phase locked loop (PLL) as voltage detection algorithm which output is used to determine decision logic algorithm for switching conditions. The results show that conditions of smart power system flow can be obtained based on voltage source selection in decision logic when fault condition occurs.
CLASS D POWER AMPLIFIER FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONieijjournal
The objective of this research was to design a 2.4 GHz class AB Power Amplifier (PA), with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) CMOS technology by using Cadence
software, for health care applications. The ultimate goal for such application is to minimize the trade-offs
between performance and cost, and between performance and low power consumption design. This paper
introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class D power amplifier which consists of two stage amplifiers. This
power amplifier can transmit 15dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The power added efficiency was 50%
and the total power consumption was 90.4 mW. The performance of the power amplifier meets the
specification requirements of the desired.
Chain Based Wireless Sensor Network Routing Using Hybrid Optimization (HBO An...IJEEE
In Wireless Sensor Network, due to the
energy restriction of each nodes, efficient routing is very
important in order to save the energy of the hybrid
optimization technique. The results of new protocol i.e.
hybrid have been compared with EEPB and IEEPB.
Simulation results show that the lifetime of Hybrid is better
as compared to EEPB and IEEPB.
Performance of symmetric and asymmetric links in wireless networks IJECEIAES
Wireless networks are designed to provide the enabling infrastructure for emerging technological advancements. The main characteristics of wireless networks are: Mobility, power constraints, high packet loss, and lower bandwidth. Nodes’ mobility is a crucial consideration for wireless networks, as nodes are moving all the time, and this may result in loss of connectivity in the network. The goal of this work is to explore the effect of replacing the generally held assumption of symmetric radii for wireless networks with asymmetric radii. This replacement may have a direct impact on the connectivity, throughput, and collision avoidance mechanism of mobile networks. The proposed replacement may also impact other mobile protocol’s functionality. In this work, we are mainly concerned with building and maintaining fully connected wireless network with the asymmetric assumption. For this extent, we propose to study the effect of the asymmetric links assumption on the network performance using extensive simulation experiments. Extensive simulation experiments were performed to measure the impact of these parameters. Finally, a resource allocation scheme for wireless networks is proposed for the dual rate scenario. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation.
Pm-EEMRP: Postural Movement Based Energy Efficient Multi-hop Routing Protocol...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Intra-WBSN plays an important role in health monitoring, military and consumer electronics. It iscomposed of wireless bio-sensor nodes which are strategically placed on the body. Due to body posture movement, network topology of Intra-WBSN changes continuously. It plays a significant role in Intra-WBSN. In proposed Pm-EEMRP, network stability, energy efficiency and high throughput are the prime parametersfor body posture movement in which sensing informations from bio-sensor nodes are forwarded to relay nodes. Relay nodesare deployed in cloths, which aggregate these data and forward it to body network controller (BNC). It provides reliable and comfortable health monitoring. Through simulation, the proposed routing protocol provides better network stability, improved energy efficiency and high throughput in comparison to conventional routing schemes.
A review on power quality disturbance classification using deep learning appr...MuskanRath1
Disclaimer:- This has been published as an article for informational purposes and includes reference to the research papers of researchers. Please let me know if I haven't included your research which matches a portion of the article, in the reference section. I would include the link to your research in the description section.
Description:-
Power Quality is a significant branch of power system engineering and plays a crucial role in maintaining the power quality supplied to consumers in the industry. The introduction of smart grids further differentiates the significance of power output. A single incident in power quality such as voltage drop triggered by a transmission or distribution level failure will cost up to millions of monetary losses for the affected industries. Power Quality disturbances can be classified into Voltage sag, Voltage Swell, Transient, Harmonic, Voltage Notch, and Flicker. With the help of digital techniques, at present, Power Quality disturbances are tracked on-site and online. The primary objective of the paper is to provide a thorough overview of the approaches in deep learning for the automatic detection, identification and classification of Power Quality Events, related to academics following a line of investigation in the related area. The paper furthermore gives insight on which of the techniques yields the highest accuracy.
GENERALIZED POWER ALLOCATION (GPA) SCHEME FOR NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS ...ijcseit
This paper presents a Generalized Power Allocation (GPA) scheme for different users in Non-Orthogonal
Multiple Access (NOMA) based wireless communication system. The power allocation to the users becomes
complex with the increased number of users. There are some conventional schemes for power allocation in
NOMA but they have to optimize some parameters arbitrarily. In this paper, a simple but effective power
allocation scheme has been formulated and tested by simulations. The proposed GPA scheme does not need
any parameter adjustment. Theoretical power distribution to different users of NOMA has been calculated
using the proposed GPA technique. The calculated powers of individual users with the proposed scheme
are different and more distributed than the arbitrary power allocation scheme which satisfies the basic
condition of NOMA. The total of calculated powers with GPA scheme shows only 01% variation with the
arbitrary power allocation scheme which shows the consistency of GPA scheme with other schemes. The
performance of NOMA based wireless communication system with GPA scheme has been simulated under
various conditions using Matlab. The simulated BER performance for NOMA based wireless
communication system using different modulation techniques show similar results with other conventional
schemes which validates the formulation of GPA scheme.
Performance assessment of an optimization strategy proposed for power systemsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In the present article, the selection process of the topology of an artificial neural network (ANN) as well as its configuration are exposed. The ANN was adapted to work with the Newton Raphson (NR) method for the calculation of power flow and voltage optimization in the PQ nodes of a 10-node power system represented by the IEEE 1250 standard system. The purpose is to assess and compare its results with the ones obtained by implementing ant colony and genetic algorithms in the optimization of the same system. As a result, it is stated that the voltages in all system nodes surpass 0,99 p.u., thus representing a 20% increase in the optimal scenario, where the algorithm took 30 seconds, of which 9 seconds were used in the training and validation processes of the ANN.
An appropriate fault detection and classification of power system transmission line using discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural networks is performed in this paper. The analysis is carried out by applying discrete wavelet transform for obtained fault phase currents. The work represented in this paper are mainly concentrated on classification of fault and this classification is done based on the obtained energy values after applying discrete wavelet transform by taking this values as an input for the neural network. The proposed system and analysis is carried out in Matlab Simulink.
REDUCTION IN THE TRANSIENT TIME OF SHUNT ACTIVE FILTERS USING INTELLIGENT CON...ijscmc
This paper deals with the implementation of new proposed strategy for the reduction in the transient time of
shunt active filter using intelligent controllers. Intelligent control is a class of control techniques that use
various AI computing approaches like fuzzy logic, neural network, evolutionary computation, genetic
algorithm etc. The proposed strategy works on the principle of energy of the capacitor to maintain the DClink
voltage of shunt connected active filter and thus reduces the transient time whenever there is sudden
change in the load. A comparison using the PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller and Artificial neural
controller has been made using MATLAB Simulink Power System Toolbox.
Modeling and simulation of three phases cascaded H-bridge grid-tied PV inverterjournalBEEI
In this paper a control scheme for three phase seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter for grid tied PV system is presented. As power generation from PV depends on varing environmental conditions, for extractraction of maximum power from PV array, fuzzy MPPT controller is incorporated with each PV array. It gives fast and accurate response. To maintain the grid current
sinusoidal under varying conditions, a digital PI controller scheme is adopted. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for this purpose and results are presented. At last THD analysis is carried out in order to validate the performance of the overall system. As discussed, with this control strategy the balanced grid current is obtained keeping THD values with in the specified range of IEEE-519 standard.
This paper presents the analysis, modeling and control of a grid connected photovoltaic generation system. The model contains a detailed representation of the solar array, grid side multilevel neutral point clamped voltage source inverter. Fuzzy logic controller for the maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic system under variable temperature and insulation conditions is discussed. The PQ control approach has been presented for the multilevel inverter. One of the most common control strategies structures applied to decentralized power generator is based on power direct control employing a controller for the dc link voltage and a controller to regulate the injected current to the utility network. The proposed models were implemented in Matlab/Simulink.
Performance Analysis Of PV Interfaced Neural Network Based Hybrid Active Powe...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a comparative analysis of neural network controlled PV interfaced hybrid active power filter designed for harmonic compensation for nonlinear load.The neural network has been chosen for reference current generation because of its fast adaptiveness, simple calculation and high accuracy to eliminate harmonics.This paper shows a novel approach to interface PV array to hybrid active power filter to keep the capacitor voltage stable. To obtain efficient output from PV Array Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is employed in it. MPPT is able to extract maximum possible power from PV Array of change in atmospheric condition. Simulation and analysis of hybrid active power filter and PV Array is done under nonlinear load, sudden change in load and unbalanced load conditions. The detailed simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed methodology.
Performance Analysis Of PV Interfaced Neural Network Based Hybrid Active Powe...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a comparative analysis of neural network controlled PV interfaced hybrid active power filter designed for harmonic compensation for nonlinear load.The neural network has been chosen for reference current generation because of its fast adaptiveness, simple calculation and high accuracy to eliminate harmonics.This paper shows a novel approach to interface PV array to hybrid active power filter to keep the capacitor voltage stable. To obtain efficient output from PV Array Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is employed in it. MPPT is able to extract maximum possible power from PV Array of change in atmospheric condition. Simulation and analysis of hybrid active power filter and PV Array is done under nonlinear load, sudden change in load and unbalanced load conditions. The detailed simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed methodology.
Several algorithms have been offered to track the Maximum Power Point when we have one maximum power point. Moreover, fuzzy control and neural was utilized to track the Maximum Power Point when we have multi-peaks power points. In this paper, we will propose an improved Maximum Power Point tracking method for the photovoltaic system utilizing a modified PSO algorithm. The main advantage of the method is the decreasing of the steady state oscillation (to practically zero) once the Maximum Power Point is located. moreover, the proposed method has the ability to track the Maximum Power Point for the extreme environmental condition that cause the presence of maximum multi-power points, for example, partial shading condition and large fluctuations of insolation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, MATLAB simulations are carried out under very challenging circumstance, namely step changes in irradiance, step changes in load, and partial shading of the Photovoltaic array. Finally, its performance is compared with the perturbation and observation” and fuzzy logic results for the single peak, and the neural-fuzzy control results for the multi-peaks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Modeling and simulation of three phases cascaded H-bridge grid-tied PV inverterjournalBEEI
In this paper a control scheme for three phase seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter for grid tied PV system is presented. As power generation from PV depends on varing environmental conditions, for extractraction of maximum power from PV array, fuzzy MPPT controller is incorporated with each PV array. It gives fast and accurate response. To maintain the grid current sinusoidal under varying conditions, a digital PI controller scheme is adopted. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for this purpose and results are presented. At last THD analysis is carried out in order to validate the performance of the overall system. As discussed, with this control strategy the balanced grid current is obtained keeping THD values with in the specified range of IEEE-519 standard.
1.a fuzzy based pv apf controller for compensating current harmonics (2)EditorJST
The main aim of this paper is to compensate a current harmonics in PV-APF system using Fuzzy Logic Controller. A 3- Ф 3-wire system is proposed in this paper which consists of PV system, a dc/dc converter which is controlled by MPPT, three phase VSC to act as APF and Non-Linear Load. The main theme of this INC MPPT is to efficiency from the PV system. For reliable performance of active power filter and better harmonic compensation this paper propose a concept of instantaneous power theory. Also, a comparison analysis is performed for improving THD by PI/Fuzzy controllers. The proposed system is simulated and verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Power system transient stability margin estimation using artificial neural ne...elelijjournal
This paper presents a methodology for estimating the normalized transient stability margin by using the multilayered perceptron (MLP) neural network. The complex relationship between the input variables and output variables is established by using the neural networks. The nonlinear mapping relation between the normalized transient stability margin and the operating conditions of the power system is established by using the MLP neural network. To obtain the training set of the neural network the potential energy boundary surface (PEBS) method along with time domain simulation method is used. The proposed method is applied on IEEE 9 bus system and the results shows that the proposed method provides fast and accurate tool to assess online transient stability.
Similar to Performance Comparison of Power Control Methods That Use Neural Network and Fuzzy Inference System in CDMA (20)
In order to study the WGS on an industrial scale at a low pressure, the modeling andsimulation of a WGS reactor operating at a pressure close to Patm and processing an industrial charge in the presence of a high temperature shift catalyst (Fe2O3/Cr2O3) were performed. The Profiles of the carbon monoxide conversion, temperature and pressure along the reactor were obtained. The effect of several operating parameters (inlet temperature, H2O/CO ratio) on the conversion of carbon monoxide along the reactor has been determined. The estimated catalytic mass to convert 60.5% of the carbon monoxide contained in the inlet is 170.76 t. The pressure drops in the reactor are not negligible and the maximum temperaturereached is without any harmful effect on the catalyst. The choice of an optimal inlet temperature and a high H2O/CO ratio improves the conversion of carbon monoxide.
As we are all aware,therecent discovery of the Higgs boson has revealed a highly massive particle, the value of which lies between 125and 126.5 GeV/c2.. According to the basic concepts of Quantum Mechanics, and in full compliance with the Uncertainty Principle and Yukawa intuitions, we were able to calculate the maximum limit of the Higgs boson‟s field of action. From the calculations show that the Higgs boson presents a range of action really very small, namely 9.8828∙10-16[cm], that is slightly smaller than 10-15[cm]. This value is justified by the considerable mass that the Higgs bosonacquires, in perfect agreement with the Uncertainty Principle.
The dependencies of total pressure, velocity, vorticity, turbulent length, turbulent dissipation, turbulent viscosity, turbulent energy and turbulent time of moving fluid from a straight pipe length of a circular cross section are presented in graphical and mathematical forms. Changing analysis of considered parameters was performed at mass flow rates of 0.45, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/s. A transition boundary of laminar flow of fluid to turbulent flow is at the distance of 2/5 of length from the inlet of the pipe (at accepted total length of the pipe of 1000 mm).
This paper considers the problem of magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) Newtonian and non-Newtonian nano fluid flow passing on a magnetic sphere with mixed convection effect. Nano Fluid is a combination of liquid fluid as a base fluid with small solid nano particles. Water is chosen as Newtonian base fluid and oil is chosen as non-Newtonian base fluid. Then, Alumina and Copper are chosen as solid particle in nano fluid. We further construct governing equation by applying continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation to obtain dimensional governing equations. The dimensional governing equations that have been obtained are converted into non-dimensional governing equations by substituting non-dimensional variables. The non-dimensional governing equations are further transformed into similarity equations using stream function and solved numerically using Euler Implicit Finite Difference method. We further analyse the effect of magnetic parameter towards velocity and temperature in MHD nano fluid flow. The results show that the increases of magnetic parameter impacts to the decrease of velocity and temperature. Then, the velocity and temperature of Newtonian nano fluid are higher than the velocity and temperature of non-Newtonian nano fluid. Also, the velocity and temperature of copper-water are higher than the velocity and temperature of Alumina-water.
Building materials used for the walls of simple houses in lower-middle-class areas in Indonesia are currently dominated by brick. This study proposes that soil-paper blocks coated with calcium silicate board may be a suitable alternative, with high embodied energy and density. The research aims to obtain an optimal wall thickness to provide protection against cooling and embodied energy in low income houses, as well as against the temperature conditions in these buildings in highland and lowland areas. Determination of wall thickness is performed by simulation of a 9 m2 building model with thick variables. Cooling calculations involved the use of Archipak software. Temperature measurements were carried out using a data logger on a sample of soil-paper blocks. The results indicate that the optimal wall thickness for protection against cooling and embodied energy is 8 cm. Soil-paper block has a lower density than brick. The use of calcium silicate boards does not affect the internal temperature of a low income house, but they can be used as protection against rainwater and as a substitute for wall plastering.
Adaptive-optimal control involves re-identification of the machining process and the model obtained is used to calculate the optimal process parameters.
Optimal control characterizes the addiction of the technical and economic indicators to process parameters. Characteristic for performance technical indicators is that their dependence to parameter values of process has a limitative, what leads to one of the following conclusions, appropriately or inappropriately, and therefore can serve as restrictions in optimization problem.
Economic indicators have a continuous dependence of process parameters and therefore they are used as objective functions.
Knowledge management (KM) has become an effective way of managing organization‟s intellectual capital or, in other words, organization‟s full experience, skills and knowledge that is relevant for more effective performance in future. The paper proposes a knowledge management to achieve a competitive control of the machining systems. Then an application of Knowledge Management in engineering has been attempted to explain. The model can be used by the manager for the choosing of competitive orders.
Ceftriaxone is one of the third generations of cephalosporin antibiotics and commercially found as a sodium salt. The market demand for it is still high in recent years, including in Indonesia. However, there is no local production manufacture yet. A high yield of ceftriaxone sodium would be an advantage in industrial scale. Ceftriaxone was synthesized by reacting 7–amino–3–[(2,5–dihydro–6–hydroxy–2–methyl–5–oxo–1,2,4–triazin–3–yl) thiomethyl] cephalosporanic acid (7-ACT) with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazolyl (Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-Methoxyimino Acetate (MAEM) then with sodium salt in basic condition. The product was generated by solventing-out using acetone. The products were analyzed by HPLC quantitatively and the structure was confirmed using FTIR, MS and NMR. In this research, the variation in the mole ratio of reactants against the yield of product was evaluated. The result showed that the variations in mole ratio reactants affect the yield production. The higher ratio of MAEM would be the higher yield is obtained. The results show that the yield was 72,17% at mole ratio 1:2 which has 99,32% purity. This result could be a consideration in industrial production scale in ceftriaxone sodium preparation.
The challenges of river water quality management are so enormous, due to the unpredictive modes of contamination. Monitoring different sources of pollutant load contribution to the river basin is also quite tasking, resulting to laborious and expensive process which sometimes lead to analytical errors. This study deals with the assessment of the physico– chemicaland bacteriological parameters of water samples from River Amba during the period of August 2017 to January 2018 and developing regression models. Water quality Parameters such as Temperature, Turbidity (NTU), Suspended solids (mg/l), Colour, Total solids, Total dissolved solids, Electrical conductivity (μs/cm), pH, Hardness, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Total Coliform were obtained and compared with water quality standards. The results of the water quality analysis of the study in comparison with drinking water quality standard issued byWorld Health Organization(WHO) and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) revealed that most of the water quality parameters were not adequate to pronounce the water potable. Hence adequate water treatment processes should be employed to make the water fit for consumption and other domestic uses. Statistical analysis was done, in which the systematic correlation and regressionanalysis showed a significant linear relationship between different pairs of water quality parameters. The highest correlation coefficient between different pairs of parameters obtained is (r = 0.999), resulting from the correlation between TS and SS. Multiple regression analysis was also carried out and regression equations were developed. It was observed that the parameters studied had a positive correlation with each other.
Time, in the globalized world, is one of the most important factors about the economy, science and health. Mankind has made various efforts to use time efficiently for many years. In these studies transport came to the fore and it has become indispensable. In the light of today's technological conditions, air transport is developing at an increasing rate. Every day many aircrafts are produced, which have different speeds, weight and volume, for serve to transport. Therefore to make structures for easy and safe transport need a stable soil. Particularly suitable areas for the airport grounds in cities today, not being physically proper that construction of the airport made on soil with low bearing capacity, swelling potential of an expansive soil, settlement of soil etc, areas. In this study, soil problems encountered in the construction of airports will be explained and a summary of studies on the solution of these problems will be presented.
People in a big city as Antananarivo, capital of Madagascar, have leads to take street foods for their daily nutritional needs. This food habits may be a risk for consumers due to contaminations from street environment and bad practices related to hygiene. This study aimed to examine the quality and safety of street vended foods in Antananarivo, on January 2016 to December 2017.Six hundred and sixty two samples including 126samples of melting salads, 70 beef skewers, 54 chicken skewers, and typical Malagasy foods as : mofoanana (67 samples), mofogasy (64 samples), ramanonaka (64), makasaoka (66), mofoakondro (62) and kobandravina(89);were randomly collected from the streetvendors in Antananarivo marketsto evaluate their bacteriological quality.International Methods (ISO) was adopted for to find the load of Total Aerobic Bacteria andEnterobateriaceae,Escherichia coli and to search pathogen bacteria as Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157H7 and Bacillus cereus in these foods.The results revealed that the mean values ofthe Total Aerobic Bacteria count was 0.1x106- 4.8x106cfu/g. Enterobacteriaceaecount range from 0.4x102 to 1.9x102cfu/g. Escherichia coli count range from 0.04x102cfu/g. to 0.19 x102cfu/g.Salmonellawas only present in melting salads, beef skewers and chicken skewers samples. Bacillus cereus count range from 0,1x102 to 1,5x102cfu/g. Campylobacter jejuniwas only present in samples of ramanonaka and kobandravina. Two strains of presumptive Eschercichia coli O157 H7 (βglucuronidase -) were isolated. PCR method was used to confirm the identity of these two isolates. A high contamination above 106 cfu/g food and the presence of potential pathogens bacteria could be hazardous. Systematic inspections and training of food vendors on food hygiene and application of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) has been recognised as measures to guarantee improvement of the quality of street foods.
In order to clean up soils contaminated with hydrocarbons, the bioremediation activity of Pseudomonas putida was studied. Pseudomonas putida is a bacterium that can withstand the harshest environmental conditions. It is able to metabolize a wide range of petroleum hydrocarbons which is used as a source of carbon and energy. Given the potential of this microorganism, an experiment wasconducted on this strain.
For the isolation of this microorganism, a sample ofsoil from the Vakinankaratra region in the urban commune of Antsirabe II, Madagascar was microbiologically analysed. The bacterial identification was based on a study of the morphological, physicochemical and sequential analysis of the 16S rDNA gene.
Scored tablets provide dose flexibility, ease of swallowing and cost savings. However, some problems with scored tablets can be confronted like difficulty of breaking, unequally breaking and loss of mass upon breaking. This paper investigates the effect of score lines on the density distribution using continuum modelling. In keeping with previous work in the pharmaceutical field, a modified Drucker Prager Cap model is described briefly and used in the simulations. Coulomb friction is included between powder and tools. The microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) Vivapur® 102 was used to identify the model parameters using experimental tests with instrumented die, shear cell and diametrical crushing. The obtained results indicate that simulations may be useful not only to determine density distributions within tablets, but also may provide indications about performance of score lines.
In a plethora of countries, buildings are adapted to the local climate condition using sustainable architecture techniques and materials, thereby the highest level of climatic comfort is provided. For example, the walls and roofs reflecting sunlight have been used for centuries in the warm regions of the world, while in the cold regions, the maximum use of solar energy has been tended.
The process of modernization has created a high density, thereby demand for fast and affordable constructions in cities has subsequently increased, resulting in reduced attention to environmentally sustainable architecture techniques that, in turn, has led to the financial loss and scarcity of non-renewable energy resources over long periods of time.
Regarding the energy crisis and the necessity of saving non-renewable energy, the reduced need to use heating/cooling systems is assumed to be one of the key goals in advanced building design.
The present study was conducted based on causal research and simulation. Design Builder thermal simulation software was used as the tool to this end. Therefore, a building with/out solar chimney was modeled and analyzed to identify the effect of solar chimney on the amount of energy used for heating.
The control of motor rotation speed by the change of resistor resistance value in armature circuit is called ‘resistor control”. For the regulation of resistance value R0, included in armature winding circuit, we can use various technical solutions. The most used solution is the discrete variation of armature added resistance value by shunting its parts with contactors contacts. Nowadays, the change of resistor resistance in armature circuit can be realized by shunting with a given porosity γ of resistor R0 trough electronic keys. In this paper, we study the design of control system represented on figure 1.
A poultry yield prediction model have then designed using a data mining and machine learning technique called Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm. The developed model has been optimized and pruned using the Reduced Error Pruning (REP) algorithm to improve prediction accuracy. An algorithm to make the prediction model flexible and capable of making predictions irrespective of poultry size or population has been proposed. The model can be used by poultry farmers to predict yield even before a breeding season. The model can also be used to help farmers take decisions to ensure desirable yield at the end of the breeding season.
Today, Web site design is used to make sites useful to users, with accessible functions, resources and information. Therefore, that design involves use of methodologies that allow an adequate structuring of them resources and organization, permitting users to access them quickly, easily and intuitively. This research consisted of a usability study oriented to website structure designers using a methodology based on concepts of ontology design. This study includes a planning to evaluate the design and the structure of website in aspects such as: ease of use, efficient access to information and performance on the tasks focused to total satisfaction of end user. Heuristic tests were used as diagnostic tools to evaluate usability of website design structures; these were supported by a heuristic evaluation guide and in the Sirius methodology[3]. The results obtained from them, allowed us to detect opportunities for improvement and optimization in website design, and in refining the Web interface oriented to end users.
Acceptance of a website is determined by various factors, one of the most important is the organization that allows users to access to functions, resources and information that it contains. This work consisted of a study of comparative usability between a website designed using principles of linguistics and design of ontologies and other using a strategy of a commercial product. A plan was designed and applied to evaluate the following aspects of website: ease of use, efficiency to access its information, efficacy to perform tasks and user satisfaction. Heuristic and user tests were used as diagnostic tools in usability evaluations, and an observation guide was made by an external evaluator as a complement to previous tests. The results clearly shown that is better use the proposed website design methodology. This allows to create site more structured, functional and with greater ease of access to resources that it contain.
Epoxidized sunflower oil (ESO) has been used to toughen epoxy resin GELR 128 cured with an accelerated aliphatic amine curing agent (Kingcure K-11) at room temperature. There was difference in the properties of the polymer composite materials based on epoxy resin GELR 128 cured by Kingcure K-11 between two processes: one-stage process and two-stage process for mixing ESO with epoxy resin GELR 128 at various content of ESO. The results showed that the two-stage process is considered to be more advantageous than the one-stage process. It can be concluded that the impact strength, critical stress intensity factor Kic and decomposition temperature of the polymer composite materials based on epoxy resin GELR 128 cured by Kingcure K-11 with content of ESO 5 phr in two-stage process was greater ones in one-stage process (impact strength: 35.012 kJ/m2, Kic: 2.72 MPa and decomposition temperature: 385.81 0C respectively).
A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) monitors a network for malicious activities or policy violations [1]. The Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware virtualization extensions [2]. We design and implement a back-propagation network intrusion detection system in KVM. Compared to traditional Back Propagation (BP) NIDS, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to improve efficiency. The results show an improved system in terms of recall and precision along with missing detection rates.
More from International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research (20)
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
Performance Comparison of Power Control Methods That Use Neural Network and Fuzzy Inference System in CDMA
1. International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research
Open Access
41|P a g eVolume 2 Issue 3 May 2018
ABSTRACT
Performance Comparison of Power Control
Methods That Use Neural Network and Fuzzy
Inference System in CDMA
Yalcin Isik
Silifke-Tasucu Vocational High School, Selcuk University
Mersin, Turkey
In the cellular communication applications of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, each user signal
can be received in the different power levels in the input of the base station due to different distances of the users.
In that case, signal of the user that is closer to the base station increases the communication errors of the far
users. To solve this problem, open or closed loop power control system is used to make each user signal equals
in the input of the base station. Power prediction and power control have been performed with various methods in
the literature. In this study, two different methods will be investigated and will be compared with each other in
terms of power control performance. The power at the output of the matched filter is predicted using neural
network and fuzzy inference system, power control is realized according to the predicted values.
Keywords—CDMA; Power Control; Neural Network; Fuzzy Inference System
I. INTRODUCTION
In a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a number of users simultaneously transmit
information over a common channel, each user`s signal is assigned a different signature waveform,
and the received signal is the superposition of the signals transmitted by each user. In the receiver,
user data is obtained by multiplying the received signal with its own spreading code. In the system,
when the signal powers of the users are different, errors of the user data that has weak signal power
increase; this situation is called as the near-far problem. The power controlsystem is used to overcome
this problem. The power control system assures that all signal levels are the same in the input stage of
the base station.
The power control is performed as open-loop or closed-loop. In the open-loop control, the power of the
mobile user`s transmitter is adjusted by itself evaluating signal power that is transmitted from the base
station. In this method, path losses are assumed as the same from the base station to mobile user and
from the mobile user to the base station. However, open-loop control is not sufficient method, because
these losses can not be the same in the real application. In the closed-loop control, base station
detects the power level of the mobile user and transmits power control signal to the mobile user to
adjust its power. In this way, all the mobile user`s signals are received in the base station with the
same power level due to control signals that is transmitted from the base station system. However,
determination of the signal power of each mobile user in the base station is not easy process, because
all the user`s signals are combined as one CDMA signal. There are various studies about this subject
in the literature, but generally they consist of complex structures. A FIR filter was used for prediction of
the signal power in [1]. A predictive low pass filtering was used to improve power estimation in [2,3,4].
A fuzzy system was used to make power level estimation in [5]. However, an optimized neural network
was used for power prediction in [6], and Elman neural network were used to control the power in [7]
with the complex structures. Neural Network was used to predict the power from output of the matched
filter in [9] and Fuzzy Inference System was used to predict the power from output of the matched filter
in [10].
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In this study, Neural Network (NN) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) will be compared in terms of
power control performance in CDMA system. The power level prediction is realized with NN and FIS by
evaluating outputs of the matched filters, and the closed-loop power control was used to adjust the
power of the mobile user by small steps.
II. SYSTEM MODEL
We consider synchronous CDMA system with binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation in an
additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Data for each user as random series in form of -1,+1
is generated and multiplied with its spreading code to obtain a CDMA signal. The CDMA signals of all
users and AWGN are added in the channel. At the receiver, the received CDMA signal with the K users
is multiplied with kth user signature waveform and integrated in one bit period to make an estimation
for kth user bit. The output of the kth matched filter in one symbol interval yk is given by
kjk
K
kj
j
jjkkk nbAbAy
1
(1)
where bk is the input bit of the kth user (desired user), bk{-1, +1}, bj is the input bit of the jth user, Ak
is the received amplitude of the kth user, Aj is the received amplitude of the jth user, jk
is the cross-
correlation coefficient between desired user and the jth user, and nk is additive white Gaussian noise.
The second term in Eq.(1) is the multiple access interference (MAI) that is effect of the other active
users. In the base station, the power level of each user is determined with the output of the matched
filter as:
2
1
)( )(
1
M
j
jkk y
M
p (2)
Where pk is the power of the kth user, k is the user`s number and M is the number of the bits that are
considered in the calculation of the power. The power estimation and the control are done with the
outputs of the matched filters as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. The structure for the power estimation from the outputs of the matched filters and the control of the power level.
Channel
Output
r (t)
Matched Filter
(K.user)
Matched Filter
(2.user)
Matched Filter
(1.user) Neural
Network
or
Fuzzy
Inference
System
Power
Estimator
y1
y2
yK
P1
P2
PK
If Pk <Reference, increase Ak 1 step
If Pk >Reference, decrease Ak 1 step
Transmitter
Amplitude
Adjustment
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III. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
The neural networks are constructed with neurons that connected to each other. Each connection has
a weight factor and these weights are adjusted in a training process. There are many types of the
neural networks for various applications in the literature. A common used one of these is the
multilayered perceptrons (MLP) [8]. MLPs consist of input, hidden and output layers and they have
feedforward connections between neurons. Neurons in the input layer only act as buffers for
distributing the input signals to the neurons in the hidden layer. There are various activation functions
that are used in the neurons. The weights are changed with various learning algorithm for getting
proper output. The basic structure of the neural network with N input and one output is shown in Fig.
2. In this study, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used as the learning algorithm for the MLPs [8].
The basic structure of the neural network with N input, one output.
IV. FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM
Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) constitute the outputs by evaluating the inputsaccording to the rules
defined before.The structure of Fuzzy Inference System with r rules, n inputs and m outputs is shown
in Fig. 2. Fuzzy inference process is made of 5 parts. Adjustment of the inputs variables to the fuzzy
values, application of the fuzzy logic operands (AND or OR) to the adjusted values, obtaining the end
values from the initial values, evaluating of the obtained values according to the rules, and back
transformation from the fuzzy logic values.
In this study, Sugeno type FIS is used after the matched filter, the character of proper membership
function for FIS is determined by calculating the power of an user in equation 2. In this receiver;
Gaussian has been used for all of the input membership functions, triangle type has been used for
output membership functions, and VE operator has been used between the inputs. Rules are set as
depended on the power values which are calculated from equation 2 different power level matched
filter output, and are depended on the number of user. For 3 users, 16 rules are being applied and for
this reason 16 bit training data is sufficient. Output power for every user is determined according to
these 16 rules. These rules can be determined for 2 different power levels like this:
Rule(j): IF y1j and y2j and ...........yKj THENoutputk=Pi
where k=1,2,…,K (K number of users), j=1,2,…,J (J number of bit J=2x2K
), i=1 and 2, P consists of
output power and different power levels used in training for user.
Fig. 2. The structure of Fuzzy Inference System with n inputs, r rules and m outputs.
output
input1
input2
İnputN
Σ
Σ
Σ
Rule 1
Rule 2
Rule r
Output1
Output 2
Output m
Input 1
Input 2
Input n
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V. SIMILATION RESULTS
In the simulation of the CDMA system, 31 bits length spreading codes that have normalized cross-
correlation 0.2258 between each other were used. Cross-correlation value is selected bigger to create
a more severe near-far environment. The simulations were done in the three users synchronous
AWGN channel.
In the neural network that is used in the system, the number of the input and hidden layer nodes were
chosen as the number of the users, and the number of output node was chosen as 1. The network is
a feed forward network and it was trained by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. In the hidden layer
tangent sigmoid activation function was used and in the output layer pure linear activation function
was used. The power estimation and the control were done only for the first user that is selected as
the desired user. The power control was performed to make the powers of the all users as 2 watt in
the input of the base station. The powers of the second and the third users were assumed as 2 watt
during the training and in the simulations. The training data that is produced for the three different
power level as 1,2 and 3 watt were used during the training. The 8 bits training data that is all the
possible combinations of three users were used without noise for each power level.
In the simulation, the performance of the power estimation and control of the neural network and fuzzy
inference system was examined in the synchronous AWGN channel with 10 dB and 25 dB signal to
noise ratios (SNR) of the first user. The SNR of the first user is defined as:
2
2
1
1
2
A
powernoise
powersignal
SNR (3)
where 2 is the variance of the Gaussian noise with the zero mean value, A1 is the amplitude of the
first user`s signal and Ak is the amplitude of user k’s signal. All the simulations were done for the three
methods as mean of the squares of the output of the matched filter of the first user, the neural network
and fuzzy inference system estimator. The powers of the second and the third user were assumed as 2
watt whereas the power of the first user was assumed as 1 watt at the beginning. The power control
was performed to make the power of the first user 2 watt in the input of the base station. The amplitude
of the first user was changed by the 0.1 steps depending on estimated power level. The results for the
case that is considered 1 bit and 50 bits for each estimation are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5,
respectively, for 100 different estimation in the channel with 10 dB SNR value. As it is shown, the
estimation performance of the neural network is better than mean squares method, and also fuzzy
inference system is much better than neural network. Power control can be done between 0 watt-5 watt
with mean squares, 1.5 watt-3 watt with neural network and 1.8 watt-2.8 watt with fuzzy inference
system by considering 1 data bit for each estimation in the channel with 10 SNR value.Furthermore, in
the case that is considered 50 bits for each estimation, power control performance gets better for all
methods. Fuzzy inference system has still the best performance. A better estimation can be done by
considering more values for the estimation, but in that case estimation time increases.
Furthermore, the case that is considered 50 bits for each estimationin the channel with 25 dB SNR
value is shown in Fig. 6.As it is shown, the power control depends on neural network and fuzzy
inference system estimator can be performed very good especially for the bigger SNR values.Fuzzy
inference system has the best performance again.
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Fig. 3. The power control performance considering 1 bit data foreach estimation in the channel with 10 dB SNR value.
Fig. 4. The power control performance considering 50 bit data foreach estimation in the channel with 10 dB SNR value.
Fig. 5. The power control performance considering 50 bit data foreach estimation in the channel with 25 dB SNR value.
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VI. CONCLUSION
The power level can be defined by calculating mean-squares of the values that are taken from the
output of the matched filter. However, the number of the considered values for the calculation of the
power level must be high to get more correct power level. But considering more values causes slow
power control. The power control must be fast enough for the effective communication. Simulations
results show that the fast power control can be performed with NN and FIS approach even in 1 bit
period. However, the estimation performance of the Fuzzy Inference System is better than Neural
Network. Performances of the NN and FIS estimators get better for the bigger SNR values. A better
power estimation can be done by considering more values for the estimation, but in that case
estimation time increases.
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