1) The document discusses the simulation of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) using fuzzy logic and neural networks to improve power quality.
2) A UPQC consists of series and shunt active power filters connected back-to-back to compensate voltage sags and current quality problems affecting sensitive loads.
3) Fuzzy logic and neural network controllers are designed for the UPQC and their performance is compared in mitigating voltage sags using Matlab/Simulink simulations. The neural network controller is shown to compensate a higher percentage of voltage sags compared to the fuzzy logic controller.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Now a days there is a widespread use of semiconductor devices, which are mostly implemented as the power switches for converters and inverters. These converters and inverters play a vital role in power systems both in transmission and distribution systems. This provides a way for the introduction of harmonics in the power system which leads to poor power quality. To overcome this many solutions have been suggested by the research community but each solution holds its own merits and demerits. Of all these suggested solutions, the Dynamic Voltage Restorer is one of the most cost effective systems for various power quality issues. In this paper the DVR is considered for enhancing the power quality by reducing the harmonics generated because of sensitive loads. Here the power quality is enhanced by controlling the DVR using Neural Network Controller which is trained by Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. In this paper the THD analysis of the voltage quantity is analysed by introducing an unbalanced three phase fault in the system. The simulation is done by using MATLAB/Simulink. From the results, it is verified that the harmonics are reduced by the NN controlled DVR unit. Also the simulation results are verified with the hardware results.
Enhancement Power Quality with Sugeno-type Fuzzy Logic and Mamdani-type Fuzzy...Mohamed Khaleeel
Power quality is closely related issues of most directly affect nowadays. It can be clear that electrical power quality is the degree of any deviation from the nominal rate of the voltage magnitude and frequency. Voltage sagis one of the most significant power quality problems challenging at present time. This paper discussed modeling of a DVR with PI controller, Sugeno-type Fuzzy Logic and Mamdani-type Fuzzy Logic using Matlab/Simulink in order to mitigate voltage sag. Then analyze the performance of DVR in order to solve the problem of voltage sag by installed DVR between the supply voltage and a sensitive load.
An appropriate fault detection and classification of power system transmission line using discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural networks is performed in this paper. The analysis is carried out by applying discrete wavelet transform for obtained fault phase currents. The work represented in this paper are mainly concentrated on classification of fault and this classification is done based on the obtained energy values after applying discrete wavelet transform by taking this values as an input for the neural network. The proposed system and analysis is carried out in Matlab Simulink.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Now a days there is a widespread use of semiconductor devices, which are mostly implemented as the power switches for converters and inverters. These converters and inverters play a vital role in power systems both in transmission and distribution systems. This provides a way for the introduction of harmonics in the power system which leads to poor power quality. To overcome this many solutions have been suggested by the research community but each solution holds its own merits and demerits. Of all these suggested solutions, the Dynamic Voltage Restorer is one of the most cost effective systems for various power quality issues. In this paper the DVR is considered for enhancing the power quality by reducing the harmonics generated because of sensitive loads. Here the power quality is enhanced by controlling the DVR using Neural Network Controller which is trained by Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. In this paper the THD analysis of the voltage quantity is analysed by introducing an unbalanced three phase fault in the system. The simulation is done by using MATLAB/Simulink. From the results, it is verified that the harmonics are reduced by the NN controlled DVR unit. Also the simulation results are verified with the hardware results.
Enhancement Power Quality with Sugeno-type Fuzzy Logic and Mamdani-type Fuzzy...Mohamed Khaleeel
Power quality is closely related issues of most directly affect nowadays. It can be clear that electrical power quality is the degree of any deviation from the nominal rate of the voltage magnitude and frequency. Voltage sagis one of the most significant power quality problems challenging at present time. This paper discussed modeling of a DVR with PI controller, Sugeno-type Fuzzy Logic and Mamdani-type Fuzzy Logic using Matlab/Simulink in order to mitigate voltage sag. Then analyze the performance of DVR in order to solve the problem of voltage sag by installed DVR between the supply voltage and a sensitive load.
An appropriate fault detection and classification of power system transmission line using discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural networks is performed in this paper. The analysis is carried out by applying discrete wavelet transform for obtained fault phase currents. The work represented in this paper are mainly concentrated on classification of fault and this classification is done based on the obtained energy values after applying discrete wavelet transform by taking this values as an input for the neural network. The proposed system and analysis is carried out in Matlab Simulink.
This work includes the establishment of a Photovoltaic system connected to the grid by means of an inverter. The fundamental goal of the work is to incorporate an advanced active power flow management scheme in order to adopt load at any weather condition along with the advantage of maximum active power flow and zero harmonics from PV inverter to the grid. The outcome of analysis and control design of grid connected PV inverter using a Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique is based on synchronous dq rotating reference frame so as to achieve maximum output voltage and record the active power. It has been observed that the model provides a better rate of stability as compared to the existing topology.
VHDL Based Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Using Fuzzy Logic Con...IJECEIAES
It is important to have an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to increase the photovoltaic (PV) generation system output efficiency. This paper presents a design of MPPT techniques for PV module to increase its efficiency. Perturb and Observe method (P&O), incremental conductance method (IC), and Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) techniques are designed to be used for MPPT. Also FLC is built using MATLAB/ SIMULINK and compared with the FLC toolbox existed in the MATLAB library. FLC does not need knowledge of the exact model of the system so it is easy to implement. A comparison between different techniques shows the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller techniques. Finally, the proposed FLC is built in very high speed integrated circuit description language (VHDL). The simulation results obtained with ISE Design Suite 14.6 software show a satisfactory performance with a good agreement compared to obtained values from MATLAB/SIMULINK. The good tracking efficiency and rapid response to environmental parameters changes are adopted by the simulation results.
Power system restoration in distribution network through reconfiguration usin...eSAT Journals
Abstract The proposed method provides one of the efficient management and operation of the distribution network through reconfiguration. Whenever an outage occurs in the distribution network, there may be partial or total block out of the system. In order to reduce interruptions to the consumers, proper switching of power lines is required and restoration of power as quickly as possible is essential. To reconfigure and determine optimal target network for minimization of the power losses, maximization of the load balance and for restoration of the power, is difficult task. The optimal target network is found through MST-Kruskal’s (Minimum Spanning Tree) algorithm in IEEE standard 3 feeder, 16bus and 1 feeder, 33bus systems. Keywords: Restoration of power, Spanning Tree, MST,
Adaptive Fuzzy PI Current Control of Grid Interact PV Inverter IJECEIAES
Now a day‟s, Photo Voltaic (PV) power generation rapidly increasing. This power generation highly depending on the temperature and irradiation. When this power interface with grid through the voltage source inverter with PI controller. Its gains should be updated due to the parametric changes for the better performance. In This Work Fuzzy Controller updates the gains of the proportional integral (PI)s Controller under variable parametric conditions. the gaines of the PI Controller are updated based on the error current and change in error current through the fuzzy controller. The error current in direct and quadrature frame are the Inputs to the PI controller. The PI Controller generates the reference voltage to the pulse width modulation technique. Here reference voltage is compared with the carrier signal to generate the pulses to the 3-Ph Inverter connected to the grid. This controller has given well dynamic response with less steady state error and also given The less THD of the grid current compared to the PI and Fuzzy controller.It Is implemented and verified in MATLAB Simulink.
In modern society every sector needs continuous power on demand. To achieve this voltage,
current and frequency, these parameters of the power system should be at rated values. Because of
remote generation, transmission and distribution, we are failing to receive the reliable power. To
overcome this problem, the Distribution energy sources (DES) become more suitable solution. This
generated power from DES is supplied to local loads and this can be connected to the main grid
through the Micro-Grid (MG). Micro-grids will operate in two modes, A Grid-connected mode and in
an Islanded mode. During islanding mode, one Distributed Generation (DG) unit should share output
generation power with other unit in exact accordance with the load. Need to control Real and Reactive
power effectively for the load to operate without disturbance. Hence in the present work, Voltage
Source Inverter (VSI) and Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controller in power conversion
process to get required real and reactive power for the normal operation of micro-grid. The proposed
method has been applied to a designed test Simulink model for different types of Grid connected and
Isolated modes. The simulation results obtained show that, this method can improves the reliability and
smooth operation of the micro-grid system.
A hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm for load shedding IJECEIAES
This paper proposes the method of applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with Back Propagation (BP) algorithm in combination or hybrid with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to propose load shedding strategies in the power system. The Genetic Algorithm is used to support the training of Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) to improve regression ability, minimize errors and reduce the training time. Besides, the Relief algorithm is used to reduce the number of input variables of the neural network. The minimum load shedding with consideration of the primary and secondary control is calculated to restore the frequency of the electrical system. The distribution of power load shedding at each load bus of the system based on the phase electrical distance between the outage generator and the load buses. The simulation results have been verified through using MATLAB and PowerWorld software systems. The results show that the Hybrid Gen-Bayesian algorithm (GA-Trainbr) has a remarkable superiority in accuracy as well as training time. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on the IEEE 37 bus 9 generators standard system diagram showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Parametric estimation in photovoltaic modules using the crow search algorithmIJECEIAES
The problem of parametric estimation in photovoltaic (PV) modules considering man- ufacturer information is addressed in this research from the perspective of combinatorial optimization. With the data sheet provided by the PV manufacturer, a non-linear non-convex optimization problem is formulated that contains information regarding maximum power, open-circuit, and short-circuit points. To estimate the three parameters of the PV model (i.e., the ideality diode factor (a) and the parallel and series resistances (R p and R )), the crow search algorithm (CSA) is employed, which is a metaheuristic optimization technique inspired by the behavior of the crows searching food deposits. The CSA allows the exploration and exploitation of the solution space through a simple evolution rule derived from the classical PSO method. Numerical simulations reveal the effectiveness and robustness of the CSA to estimate these parameters with objective function values lower than 1 10 s 28 and processing times less than 2 s. All the numerical simulations were developed in MATLAB 2020a and compared with the sine-cosine and vortex search algorithms recently reported in the literature.
Wolf Search Algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problemijeei-iaes
This paper presents a new bio-inspired heuristic optimization algorithm called the Wolf Search Algorithm (WSA) for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem. Wolf Search algorithm is a new bio – inspired heuristic algorithm which based on wolf preying behaviour. The way wolves search for food and survive by avoiding their enemies has been imitated to formulate the algorithm for solving the reactive power dispatches. And the speciality of wolf is possessing both individual local searching ability and autonomous flocking movement and this special property has been utilized to formulate the search algorithm .The proposed (WSA) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results shows clearly about the good performance of the proposed algorithm .
Design of Digital Predistortion Technique for RF Power Amplifier using Memory...IJERA Editor
Linearization of power amplifier has been an area of intense research from the last many years. The various types of linearization techniques are available for linearising PA but Digital Predistortion technique has been observed as one of the most common and effective method. But due to the issues like memory effects and exact characterization of non-linear behaviour of power amplifier, the implementation of existing predistortion technique suffers. So in this paper, a digital predistorter based on memory polynomial has been proposed that takes care of above mentioned issues. The presented technique is easy to implement and simple.
Impact of hybrid FACTS devices on the stability of the Kenyan power system IJECEIAES
Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are deployed for improving power system’s stability either singly or as a combination. This research investigates hybrid FACTS devices and studies their impact on voltage, small-signal and transient stability simultaneously under various system disturbances. The simulations were done using five FACTS devices-static var compensator (SVC), static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensators (SSSC), thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) in MATLAB’s power system analysis toolbox (PSAT). These five devices were grouped into ten pairs and tested on Kenya’s transmission network under specific contingencies: the loss of a major generating machine and/or transmission line. The UPFC-STATCOM pair performed the best in all the three aspects under study. The settling times were 3 seconds and 3.05 seconds respectively for voltage and rotor angle improvement on the loss of a major generator at normal operation. The same pair gave settling times of 2.11 seconds and 3.12 seconds for voltage and rotor angle stability improvement respectively on the loss of a major transmission line at 140% system loading. From the study, two novel techniques were developed: A performance-based ranking system and classification for FACTS devices.
This paper discusses the principle of operation, dynamic modeling, and control design for light-to-light
(LtL) systems, whose aim is to directly convert the sun irradiation into artificial light. The system discussed in
this paper is composed by a photo- voltaic (PV) panel, an LED array, a dc–dc converter dedicated to the
maximum power point tracking of the PV panel and a dc–dc converter dedicated to drive the LEDs array. A
system controller is also included, whose goal is to ensure the matching between the maximum available PV
power and the LED power by means of a low-frequency LEDs dimming. An experimental design example is
discussed to illustrate the functionalities of the LtL system.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
The Green Energy sources (solar, wind) are performing a vigorous role to reach the electrical power demand. Due to the presence of non-linear loads, reactive loads in the distribution system and the injection of wind power into the grid integrated system results power quality issues like current harmonics, voltage fluctuations, reactive power demand etc. This paper mainly investigates the designing and satisfactory performance evaluation of solar farm as PV-STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) for enhancement of power quality in grid tie system by using MATLAB environment (Simulink). The proportional and integral (PI) Controller and Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) were effectively utilized to inject the desired current from voltage source converter (VSC) based PV-STATCOM at PCC for the mitigation of quality related problems in the proposed test system.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
This work includes the establishment of a Photovoltaic system connected to the grid by means of an inverter. The fundamental goal of the work is to incorporate an advanced active power flow management scheme in order to adopt load at any weather condition along with the advantage of maximum active power flow and zero harmonics from PV inverter to the grid. The outcome of analysis and control design of grid connected PV inverter using a Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique is based on synchronous dq rotating reference frame so as to achieve maximum output voltage and record the active power. It has been observed that the model provides a better rate of stability as compared to the existing topology.
VHDL Based Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Using Fuzzy Logic Con...IJECEIAES
It is important to have an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to increase the photovoltaic (PV) generation system output efficiency. This paper presents a design of MPPT techniques for PV module to increase its efficiency. Perturb and Observe method (P&O), incremental conductance method (IC), and Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) techniques are designed to be used for MPPT. Also FLC is built using MATLAB/ SIMULINK and compared with the FLC toolbox existed in the MATLAB library. FLC does not need knowledge of the exact model of the system so it is easy to implement. A comparison between different techniques shows the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller techniques. Finally, the proposed FLC is built in very high speed integrated circuit description language (VHDL). The simulation results obtained with ISE Design Suite 14.6 software show a satisfactory performance with a good agreement compared to obtained values from MATLAB/SIMULINK. The good tracking efficiency and rapid response to environmental parameters changes are adopted by the simulation results.
Power system restoration in distribution network through reconfiguration usin...eSAT Journals
Abstract The proposed method provides one of the efficient management and operation of the distribution network through reconfiguration. Whenever an outage occurs in the distribution network, there may be partial or total block out of the system. In order to reduce interruptions to the consumers, proper switching of power lines is required and restoration of power as quickly as possible is essential. To reconfigure and determine optimal target network for minimization of the power losses, maximization of the load balance and for restoration of the power, is difficult task. The optimal target network is found through MST-Kruskal’s (Minimum Spanning Tree) algorithm in IEEE standard 3 feeder, 16bus and 1 feeder, 33bus systems. Keywords: Restoration of power, Spanning Tree, MST,
Adaptive Fuzzy PI Current Control of Grid Interact PV Inverter IJECEIAES
Now a day‟s, Photo Voltaic (PV) power generation rapidly increasing. This power generation highly depending on the temperature and irradiation. When this power interface with grid through the voltage source inverter with PI controller. Its gains should be updated due to the parametric changes for the better performance. In This Work Fuzzy Controller updates the gains of the proportional integral (PI)s Controller under variable parametric conditions. the gaines of the PI Controller are updated based on the error current and change in error current through the fuzzy controller. The error current in direct and quadrature frame are the Inputs to the PI controller. The PI Controller generates the reference voltage to the pulse width modulation technique. Here reference voltage is compared with the carrier signal to generate the pulses to the 3-Ph Inverter connected to the grid. This controller has given well dynamic response with less steady state error and also given The less THD of the grid current compared to the PI and Fuzzy controller.It Is implemented and verified in MATLAB Simulink.
In modern society every sector needs continuous power on demand. To achieve this voltage,
current and frequency, these parameters of the power system should be at rated values. Because of
remote generation, transmission and distribution, we are failing to receive the reliable power. To
overcome this problem, the Distribution energy sources (DES) become more suitable solution. This
generated power from DES is supplied to local loads and this can be connected to the main grid
through the Micro-Grid (MG). Micro-grids will operate in two modes, A Grid-connected mode and in
an Islanded mode. During islanding mode, one Distributed Generation (DG) unit should share output
generation power with other unit in exact accordance with the load. Need to control Real and Reactive
power effectively for the load to operate without disturbance. Hence in the present work, Voltage
Source Inverter (VSI) and Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controller in power conversion
process to get required real and reactive power for the normal operation of micro-grid. The proposed
method has been applied to a designed test Simulink model for different types of Grid connected and
Isolated modes. The simulation results obtained show that, this method can improves the reliability and
smooth operation of the micro-grid system.
A hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm for load shedding IJECEIAES
This paper proposes the method of applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with Back Propagation (BP) algorithm in combination or hybrid with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to propose load shedding strategies in the power system. The Genetic Algorithm is used to support the training of Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) to improve regression ability, minimize errors and reduce the training time. Besides, the Relief algorithm is used to reduce the number of input variables of the neural network. The minimum load shedding with consideration of the primary and secondary control is calculated to restore the frequency of the electrical system. The distribution of power load shedding at each load bus of the system based on the phase electrical distance between the outage generator and the load buses. The simulation results have been verified through using MATLAB and PowerWorld software systems. The results show that the Hybrid Gen-Bayesian algorithm (GA-Trainbr) has a remarkable superiority in accuracy as well as training time. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on the IEEE 37 bus 9 generators standard system diagram showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Parametric estimation in photovoltaic modules using the crow search algorithmIJECEIAES
The problem of parametric estimation in photovoltaic (PV) modules considering man- ufacturer information is addressed in this research from the perspective of combinatorial optimization. With the data sheet provided by the PV manufacturer, a non-linear non-convex optimization problem is formulated that contains information regarding maximum power, open-circuit, and short-circuit points. To estimate the three parameters of the PV model (i.e., the ideality diode factor (a) and the parallel and series resistances (R p and R )), the crow search algorithm (CSA) is employed, which is a metaheuristic optimization technique inspired by the behavior of the crows searching food deposits. The CSA allows the exploration and exploitation of the solution space through a simple evolution rule derived from the classical PSO method. Numerical simulations reveal the effectiveness and robustness of the CSA to estimate these parameters with objective function values lower than 1 10 s 28 and processing times less than 2 s. All the numerical simulations were developed in MATLAB 2020a and compared with the sine-cosine and vortex search algorithms recently reported in the literature.
Wolf Search Algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problemijeei-iaes
This paper presents a new bio-inspired heuristic optimization algorithm called the Wolf Search Algorithm (WSA) for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem. Wolf Search algorithm is a new bio – inspired heuristic algorithm which based on wolf preying behaviour. The way wolves search for food and survive by avoiding their enemies has been imitated to formulate the algorithm for solving the reactive power dispatches. And the speciality of wolf is possessing both individual local searching ability and autonomous flocking movement and this special property has been utilized to formulate the search algorithm .The proposed (WSA) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results shows clearly about the good performance of the proposed algorithm .
Design of Digital Predistortion Technique for RF Power Amplifier using Memory...IJERA Editor
Linearization of power amplifier has been an area of intense research from the last many years. The various types of linearization techniques are available for linearising PA but Digital Predistortion technique has been observed as one of the most common and effective method. But due to the issues like memory effects and exact characterization of non-linear behaviour of power amplifier, the implementation of existing predistortion technique suffers. So in this paper, a digital predistorter based on memory polynomial has been proposed that takes care of above mentioned issues. The presented technique is easy to implement and simple.
Impact of hybrid FACTS devices on the stability of the Kenyan power system IJECEIAES
Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are deployed for improving power system’s stability either singly or as a combination. This research investigates hybrid FACTS devices and studies their impact on voltage, small-signal and transient stability simultaneously under various system disturbances. The simulations were done using five FACTS devices-static var compensator (SVC), static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensators (SSSC), thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) in MATLAB’s power system analysis toolbox (PSAT). These five devices were grouped into ten pairs and tested on Kenya’s transmission network under specific contingencies: the loss of a major generating machine and/or transmission line. The UPFC-STATCOM pair performed the best in all the three aspects under study. The settling times were 3 seconds and 3.05 seconds respectively for voltage and rotor angle improvement on the loss of a major generator at normal operation. The same pair gave settling times of 2.11 seconds and 3.12 seconds for voltage and rotor angle stability improvement respectively on the loss of a major transmission line at 140% system loading. From the study, two novel techniques were developed: A performance-based ranking system and classification for FACTS devices.
This paper discusses the principle of operation, dynamic modeling, and control design for light-to-light
(LtL) systems, whose aim is to directly convert the sun irradiation into artificial light. The system discussed in
this paper is composed by a photo- voltaic (PV) panel, an LED array, a dc–dc converter dedicated to the
maximum power point tracking of the PV panel and a dc–dc converter dedicated to drive the LEDs array. A
system controller is also included, whose goal is to ensure the matching between the maximum available PV
power and the LED power by means of a low-frequency LEDs dimming. An experimental design example is
discussed to illustrate the functionalities of the LtL system.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
The Green Energy sources (solar, wind) are performing a vigorous role to reach the electrical power demand. Due to the presence of non-linear loads, reactive loads in the distribution system and the injection of wind power into the grid integrated system results power quality issues like current harmonics, voltage fluctuations, reactive power demand etc. This paper mainly investigates the designing and satisfactory performance evaluation of solar farm as PV-STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) for enhancement of power quality in grid tie system by using MATLAB environment (Simulink). The proportional and integral (PI) Controller and Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) were effectively utilized to inject the desired current from voltage source converter (VSC) based PV-STATCOM at PCC for the mitigation of quality related problems in the proposed test system.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
Power quality improvement using upqc with soft computing method: Fuzzy logicSakti Prasanna Muduli
Now a days problems regarding power quality is more in large inter connected power systems. There are many method to mitigate these problems but using the latest most efficient compensation method is some what impressive. Here is the brief explanations regarding UPQC using soft computing method(fuzzy logic). This was my academic project along with my friends.
How to Make Awesome SlideShares: Tips & TricksSlideShare
Turbocharge your online presence with SlideShare. We provide the best tips and tricks for succeeding on SlideShare. Get ideas for what to upload, tips for designing your deck and more.
Modeling and simulation of three phases cascaded H-bridge grid-tied PV inverterjournalBEEI
In this paper a control scheme for three phase seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter for grid tied PV system is presented. As power generation from PV depends on varing environmental conditions, for extractraction of maximum power from PV array, fuzzy MPPT controller is incorporated with each PV array. It gives fast and accurate response. To maintain the grid current
sinusoidal under varying conditions, a digital PI controller scheme is adopted. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for this purpose and results are presented. At last THD analysis is carried out in order to validate the performance of the overall system. As discussed, with this control strategy the balanced grid current is obtained keeping THD values with in the specified range of IEEE-519 standard.
Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithmijtsrd
This paper proposes an immune feedback control algorithm for a three phase distribution static compensator DSTATCOM to mitigate several power quality problems such as harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalancing at distribution level. This control algorithm proposed for DSTATCOM, is validated for maintaining power factor to unity, load balancing, and harmonics reduction of supply currents. In this application, the proposed control algorithm on a DSTATCOM is implemented for the compensation of nonlinear loads. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. P. Thirumala | K. Mahesh "Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29812.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29812/power-quality-enhancement-using-dstatcom-by-immune-feedback-control-algorithm/p-thirumala
Modeling and simulation of three phases cascaded H-bridge grid-tied PV inverterjournalBEEI
In this paper a control scheme for three phase seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter for grid tied PV system is presented. As power generation from PV depends on varing environmental conditions, for extractraction of maximum power from PV array, fuzzy MPPT controller is incorporated with each PV array. It gives fast and accurate response. To maintain the grid current sinusoidal under varying conditions, a digital PI controller scheme is adopted. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for this purpose and results are presented. At last THD analysis is carried out in order to validate the performance of the overall system. As discussed, with this control strategy the balanced grid current is obtained keeping THD values with in the specified range of IEEE-519 standard.
Short Term Load Forecasting: One Week (With & Without Weekend) Using Artifici...IJLT EMAS
This paper present for analysis of short term load forecasting: one week (with & without weekend) using ANN techniques for SLDC of Gujarat. In this paper short term electric load forecasting using neural network; based on historical load demand, The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization technique which has one of the best learning rates was used as a back propagation algorithm for the Multilayer Feed Forward ANN model using MATLAB.12 ANN tool box. Design a model for one week (with & w/o weekend) load pattern for STLF using the neural network have been input variables are (Min., Avg., & Max. load demands for previous week, Min., Avg., & Max. temperature for previous week & Min., Avg., & Max. humidity for previous week). And Nov-12 to Apr-13 (6 Months) historical load data from the SLDC, Gujarat are used for training, testing and showing the good performance. Using this ANN model computing the mean absolute error between the exact and predicted values, we were able to obtain an absolute mean error within specified limit and regression value close to one. This represents a high degree of accuracy.
Power Quality Enhancement in Power Distribution system using Artificial intel...sundar balan
Dynamic voltage Restorer
Artificial intelligence based Dynamic voltage restorer
DVR
Artificial neural network based DVR dynamic voltage restorer
Harmonics voltage harmonics voltage sag voltage swell
Power Quality Enhancement in Power Distribution system using Artificial intelligence based Dynamic Voltage Restorer
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
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This work presents a study of the three-phase parallel active power filter and the various controllers used in its control. Moreover, in order to improve the quality of electrical energy, by making it conform to the new normative constraints, we have also been led to develop and apply advanced automation methods. In this framework, this paper reports of several regulatory structures : fuzzy logic, PWM, new space vector PWM (NSVPWM), space vector PWM (SVPWM), HYSTERESIS moreover, in order to produce a parallel active filter, a thorough study of experimental feasibility was carried out, taking into account the industrial constraints of the product both in its design and its application.
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11.simulation of unified power quality conditioner for power quality improvement using fuzzy logic and neural network
1. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Simulation of Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Power
Quality Improvement Using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks
L.Dinesh* , S.Srinivasa Rao, N. Siva Mallikarjuna Rao
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gitam University, Visakhapatnam 530045,
Andhra Pradesh, India
*dinesh_245@yahoo.com
Abstract
One of the major concerns in electricity industry today is power quality. It becomes especially important
with the introduction of advanced and complicated devices, whose performance is very sensitive to the
quality of power supply. The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and thus industrial loads
become less tolerant to power quality problems such as voltage dips, voltage sags, voltage flickers,
harmonics and load unbalance etc. At present, a wide range of very flexible controllers, which capitalize on
newly available power electronics components, are emerging for custom power applications. Among these,
the distribution static compensator, dynamic voltage restorer and unified power quality conditioner which is
based on the VSC principle are used for power quality improvement. In this project, a fuzzy logic controller
with reference signal generation method is designed for UPQC and compared its performance with
artificial neural network based controller. This is used to compensate current and voltage quality problems
of sensitive loads. The results are analyzed and presented using matlab/simulink software .
Keywords: power quality, upqc, voltage sag, fuzzy logic controller, neural networks
1. Introduction
Power quality is the set of limits of electrical properties that allows electrical system to function in proper
manner without significant loss of performance Like flexible ac transmission system, the term custom
power use for distribution system. Just as facts improve the reliability and quality of power transmission
system, the custom power enhances the quality and reliability of power that is delivered to customers. The
main causes of a poor power quality are harmonic currents, poor power factor, supply voltage variations,
etc. In recent years the demand for the quality of electric power has been increased rapidly. Power quality
problems have received a great attention nowadays because of their impacts on both utilities and customers.
Voltage sag, swell, momentary interruption, under voltages, over voltages, noise and harmonics are the
most common power quality disturbances. There are many custom power devices. The devices either
connected in shunt or in series or a combination of both. The devices include D-STATCOM, DVR and
UPQC etc.One of the most common power quality problems today is voltage dips. A voltage dip is a short
time event during which a reduction in R.M.S voltage magnitude occurs. Despite a short duration, a small
deviation from the nominal voltage can result in serious disturbances. A voltage dip is caused by a fault in
the utility system, a fault within the customer’s facility or a large increase of the load current, like starting a
motor or transformer energizing. Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is one of the best custom
power device used to compensate both source and load side problems. It consists of shunt and series
converters connected back to back to a common dc link. It can perform the functions of both DSTATCOM
and DVR. In this paper a fuzzy logic controller is used to compensate voltage sag and it is compared with
neural network based controller.
2. Upqc System with Control Methods
UPQC mainly includes three parts: the series active power filters, shunt active power filters and energy
storage capacitors. The series and shunt active power filter couples together through the DC-link energy
storage capacitors. Series APF connected to the grid and load by coupling transformer is mainly used to
adjust the load voltage amplitude and compensate the power supply voltage sag in the controlled voltage
source mode. Shunt active filter connected to the load is used to compensate load currents.
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2. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
2.1 Voltage Sag Energy
The voltage sag energy is defined as
2
T V (t )
E VS = ∫
0 1 −
V nom
dt
(2.1)
Where V is the magnitude of the voltage and Vnom is the nominal voltage and T is duration of the sag.
3. Fuzzy Logic Controllers
The logic of a approximate reasoning continues to grow in importance, as it provides an in expensive
solution for controlling know complex systems. Fuzzy logic controllers are already used in appliances
washing machine, refrigerator, vaccum cleaner etc. Computer subsystems (disk drive controller, power
management) consumer electronics (video, camera, battery charger) C.D.Player etc. and so on In last
decade, fuzzy controllers have convert adequate attention in motion control systems.
3.1 Implication methods
The implication step (3) was introduced for the evaluation of individual rules.
Methods:
a) MAMDANI
b) SUGENO
4. Artificial Neural Networks
Artificial Neural Networks are relatively electronic models based on the neural structure of the brain The
brain basically learns from experiences. It is natural proof that are beyond the scope of current computers
are indeed solvable by small energy efficient packages. This brain modeling also promises a less technical
way to develop machine solutions. The ANN is made up of interconnecting artificial neurons. It is
essentially a cluster of suitably interconnected nonlinear elements of very simple form that possess the
ability to learn. A one-layer network with R input elements and S neurons follow. In this network, each
element of the input vector p is connected to each neuron input through the weight matrix W. The ith
neuron has a summer that gathers its weighted inputs and bias to form its own scalar output n(i). The
various n(i) taken together form an S-element net input vector n.
4.1 Training an artificial neural network
Once a network has been structured for a particular application, that network is ready to be trained. To start
this process the initial weights are chosen randomly. Then, the training, or learning, begins. There are two
approaches to training – ‘SUPERVISED’ and ‘UNSUPERVISED’. Supervised training involves a
mechanism of providing the network with the desired output either by manually “grading” the network’s
performance or by providing the desired outputs with the inputs. Unsupervised training is where the
network has to make sense of the inputs without outside help. The vast bulk of networks utilize supervised
training. Unsupervised training is used to perform Some initial Characterization on inputs. Training can
also be classified on basis of how the training pairs are presented to the network. They are
‘INCREMENTAL TRAINING’ and ‘BATCH TRAINING’. In incremental training the weights and biases
of the network are updated each time an input is presented to the network. In batch training the weights and
biases are only updated after all of the inputs have been presented.
5. Design of Upqc Using Matlab Simulation
To verify the operating performance of the proposed UPQC, a 3-phase electrical system, a fuzzy logic
controller with reference signal generation method is designed for UPQC and compared its performance
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3. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
with Artificial neural network based controller is simulated using MATLAB software.
5.1 Fuzzy logic and neural network controllers design
The aim of the control scheme is to maintain constant voltage magnitude at a point where a fault is
connected. The controller input is an erroe signal obtained from the reference voltage and the value rms of
the terminal voltage is measured. Such error is processed by a fuzzy logic and neural network based
controllers where the output is the angle δ, which is provided to the PWM signal.
5.2 Voltage control
The sinusoidal signal Vcontrol (REFERENCE VOLTAGE) is phase-modulated by means of the angle i.e,
VA = Sin (ωt +δ)
VB = Sin (ωt +δ-2π/3) (5.1)
VC = Sin (ωt +δ+2π/3)
The Vcontrol is compared against a triangular signal in order to generate the switching signal for the VSC
valves.
V control
Ma =
= 1p.u (5.2)
V tri
6. Neural Network Training Algorithm
NEWFF (PR, [S1 S2 … SN1], {TF1 TF2 … TFN1}, BTF, BLF, PF) takes,
PR – Rx2 matrix of mind and max values for input elements
Si – Size of iTh layer, for N1 layers
TFi – Transfer function of iTh layer, default = ‘tansig’
BTF – Back prop network training function, default = ‘trainlm’
BLF – Back prop weight/bias learning function, default = ‘learngdm’
net = init (net);
Before training a feed forward network, the weights and biases must be initialized. The initial weights and
biases are created with the command init. This function takes network object as input and returns a
network object with all weights and biases initialized. Here is all weights and biases initialized
6.1 Training the input
There are two types of training procedures according to the way in which the inputs are applied applied to
the network. They are ‘incremental training’ where each training pair will be applied one after the other and
‘batch training’ in which entire set of training pairs will be applied at once. The syntaxes for them are as
below
net = train (net, p, t);
6.3 Simulation
The function sim simulates a network. Sim takes the network p, and the Network objects net, and returns
the network outputs ‘k’.
K = sim (net, p);
6.4 Reference Signal Generation
Reference voltage generation which is used for series converter control and Reference current generation
used for shunt converter control are generated using Parks transformation. The source current is given as:
is = ia *e^j(θ)+ ib* e j^(θ -120) + ic* e ^j(θ+120)
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4. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
= ia( cos(θ) + j sin(θ)) + ib ( cos(θ -120)+j sin(θ -120) +ic(cos(θ+120)+ jsin (θ +120) (6.1)
Id = ia cos (θ) +ib cos (θ -120) + ic cos (θ+120) (6.2)
Iq = ia sin (θ) +ib sin (θ-120) + ic sin (θ +120)
(6.3)
7. Conclusion
This thesis work is mainly devoted to the study of Power Quality problems and its compensation with
Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). Results obtained from this study provide useful information
regarding the behaviour of different controllers used for power quality improvement connected to
distribution line. The controllers mainly used for power quality improvement are Fuzzy logic controller and
Artificial neural network based controller. Fuzzy logic controller with reference signal generation method is
designed for Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) and compared its performance with artificial
neural network based controller. A New functionality is added to the UPQC system to quickly extract the
reference signals directly for load current and supply voltage with a minimal amount of mathematical
operands. The highly developed graphic facilities available in MATLAB/SIMULINK were used to conduct
all aspects of model implementation and to carry our extensive simulation studies on test system. The
simulation results show that the UPQC with fuzzy logic controller Compensates 75% of voltage sag during
fault condition. While UPQC with artificial neural network based controller compensates 95% of voltage
sag. Hence as compared to the response obtained with Fuzzy controller, Neural network based controller
have great advantage of flexibility.
7.1 Scope for future work
Proposed model of UPQC is to compensate source side and also load side problems using fuzzy logic and
ANN controllers. The work can be extended to compensate total drop in the system using combined
NEURO-FUZZY control (Adaptive neuro fuzzy controller).
References
Vadirajacharya G. Kinhal, Promod Agarwal, and Hari Oam Gupta (2011), Senior Member, IEEE
“Performance Investigation of Neural-Network- Based Unified Power-Quality Conditioner” ieee
transactions on power delivery, vol.26.
Ahmet Teke, Lütfü Saribulut, and Mehmet Tümay (2011) “A Novel Reference Signal Generation Method
for Power- Quality Improvement of Unified Power-Quality Conditioner” ieee transactions on power
delivery.
A. Zouidi, F. Fnaiech, and K. AL-Haddad (2006), “Neural network controlled three-phase three-wire shunt
active power filter,” in Proc. IEEE ISIE, Montreal, QC, Canada, Jul. 9–12,pp. 5–10.
L. H. Tey, P. L. So, and Y. C. Chu (2004), “Unified power quality conditioner for improving power quality
using ANN with hysteresis control,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Power System Technology, pp. 1441–1446.
Ruiye Liu, Ning Xia, Xiaonan Wang” The Research on Fuzzy-PID Control in Unified Power Quality
Conditioner”.
Timothy Ross J. (1995), “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, McGraw-Hillbook Company;
University of Mexico.
HUANG Min, ZHA Xiao-ming, CHEN Yun-ping (2002), The controller of fuzzy changing structure of
parallel power quality conditioner[J]. Power System Technology,26(7):11-14.
L .Dinesh born in the year 1989 is currently doing his Post Graduate course in Power Systems And
39
5. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Automation in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, department of GITAM Institute of Technology,
GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India, the B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
from JNTU Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2010.
S. Srinivasa Rao received his master degree in Electrical Power Systems from JNTU Anantapur, in 2008,
B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from G.M.R Institute of Technology, India, in
2004. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
department at GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
His research interest includes Power Quality.
N. Siva Mallikarjuna Rao received his master degree in Control Systems from JNTU Anantapur, in 2006,
B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Narasraopeta Engineering College, India, in
2003. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
department at GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. His
research interest includes Control systems.
Figure 1. Topology of upqc
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6. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
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Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Figure 2. Single layer feed forward network
Figure 3. Matlab simulation model of upqc
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7. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
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Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Figure 4. Voltage controller using fuzzy
Figure 5. Voltage controller using neural networks
Figure 6. Modulator signal generation
Figure 7. Membership figures for input and output
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Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Figure 8. fuzzy interface system
Figure 9. fuzzy Rule Viewer and Fuzzy Rule Editor
Time
Figure 10. Source voltage due to 3 phase fault
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9. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
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Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Time
Figure 11. Load current due to 3 phase fault
Figure 12.Matlab/Simulink Model for Reference current signal generation
Time
Figure 13. The injected voltage to the PCC at disturbance (Vinj)
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10. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Time
Figure 14.Load voltage with fuzzy logic controller
Time
Figure 15. Load voltage with artificial neural network
Time
Figure 16. Load current with fuzzy logic controller
Time
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11. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Figure 17.Load current with artificial neural network
Table 1.Circuit Parameters For UPQC
System quantity Supply voltage(Vs) 380Vrms
Frequency 50Hz
Series converter Filter inductor(Lf) 8mH
Filter capacitor(Cf) 36Uf
Shunt converter DC link capacitor 1100uF
Reference voltage 650Vdc
Smoothing inductor 15mH
Non liner load 40 ohm +j 10 ohm
(R+jwL)
Table 2.Comparison Of Voltage Profile Between Fuzzy Logic And Neural Networks Controllers
Controller Voltage Profile (V) Energy Loss( J )
Fuzzy logic controller 0.2pu to 0.8pu and current waveform Decreased from 0.099 to 1.27*
is sinusoidal 10^(-3)
Neural network 0.2pu to 0.95pu current waveform is Decreased from 0.099 8.2*10^(-5)
sinusoidal
From the above table it is concluded that the voltage profile is increased from 0.2 to 0.8pu using Fuzzy
logic controller and 0.2 to 0.95 using neural network.Hence ANN controller provides better voltage profile
which is the main requirement in the power system operation when compared with Fuzzy logic controller.
46
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