This document discusses percolation, which is the process of extracting soluble constituents from a drug by slowly passing a solvent through the drug. It provides examples of percolation like extracting soluble compounds from coffee. The process of percolation involves comminution, imbibition, packing, maceration, and percolation. It also discusses modified percolation methods like reserved, continuous hot, and continuous cold percolation. Different types of percolators are used depending on factors like the drug properties and desired extraction method.

1. PERCOLATION
Presented by:
Hassan MuJtaba
43-E-14

2. INTRODUCTION
 ‘per’ means ‘through’
 ‘colare’ mean ‘to strain’
Definition
The process in which a comminuted drug is
extracted of its soluble constituents by the slow
passage of suitable solvent through a column of
drug.

3. COMMON EXAMPLES
 Coffee:
In coffee percolation soluble compounds leaves
the coffee and join the water. Insoluble components
remain within the coffee filter.

4. COFFEE PERCOLATION

5. PROCESS
The process of percolation includes five steps.
 Comminution of drug
 Imbibition of drug
 Packing
 Maceration
 Percolation

6. COMMINUTION
It is the size reduction of drug usually from
coarse powder to fine powder so that....
 To increase surface area
 To ensure complete removal of drug
 To slow down the movement of menstrum
 For uniform packing

7. IMBIBITION
Swelling of drug by absorbing menstrum.It is
allowed to stand for 4 hours in a closed container.
It is done to achieve following objectives;
 To avoid choking(difficulty in movement)
 To remove air
 To avoid washing out of fine particles

8. PACKING
 After imbibition drug is evenly packed into the
percolator.
 The a filter paper is placed on the bottom to support
the column of drug.
 Then the moistened drug is placed on the filter
paper.
 Over the moistened drug another filter paper is
placed having weight on it.
 Then menstrum is added. Close the lid if menstrum
is volatile.

9. HOW TO PACK ?

10. MACERATION
 After packing sufficient menstrum is added and
covered with lid.
 When liquid begins to drop the lower orifice is
closed.
 Then percolator is set aside 24 hours.

11. PERCOLATION
 After 24 hours lower orifice is opened and
menstrum is collected with a controlled speed until
¾ of menstrum is collected.
 Then more menstrum is added and collected from
the lower orifice so that marc does not become dry.
 Then marc is pressed to get extract which is
combined with previous liquid.
 Then it is allowed to stand and then it is filtered.

12. MODIFIED PERCOLATION
 Reserved percolation
 Continuous hot percolation
 Continuous cold percolation
Reserved percolation:
This type of percolation is done to get concentrated preparation.
process:
In this method the first portion(about ¾ portion) of percolate
contains maximum amount of active constituent(70 to 80%) is
reserved as such.
The last portion of percolate(about ¼ ) is collected separately
and menstrum is evaporated to get syrupy consistency and
mixed with reserved percolate.
Final volume is adjusted by adding more menstrum.
Usually alcohol is use as menstrum for reserved percolation.
example:
Liquorice liquid extract.

13. CONTINUOUS HOT PERCOLATION
 This process is done for those drugs in which
percolation of menstrum into cellular tissues is very low.
Apparatus:
The apparatus use for this process is called as
KUMAGAWA EXTRACTOR.
Process:
The menstrum present in the flask is heated and vapours
are taken to a condenser where the condensed liquid is
return to the drug to continue extraction.
ADVANTAGES:
Smaller volume of menstrum can be use again and
again.

14. KUMAGAWA EXTRACTOR

15. CONTINUOUS COLD PERCOLATION
THE APPARATUS IS CALLED AS SOXHELT
EXTRACTOR.

16. DISADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS
PERCOLATIONS
 This type of percolation is not suitable for those
drugs which contains heat sensitive active
constituents.

17. TYPES OF PERCOLATORS
Percolators vary in their.....
 Shape
 Capacities
 Compositions
 Use

18. COMMON LABORATORY PERCOLATOR
Cylindrical
 It is use for minimum expenditure of menstrum.

19. Roundish
 Coffee maker

20. Conical or Funnel shaped
 It is use for those drugs that swell a lot during
maceration.